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Topic: Pharyngeal constrictor

	Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Constrictor pharyngis superior (Superior constrictor) is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
		The fibers curve backward to be inserted into the median raphé, being also prolonged by means of an aponeurosis to the pharyngeal spine on the basilar part of the occipital bone.
		The interval between the upper border of the muscle and the base of the skull is closed by the pharyngeal aponeurosis, and is known as the sinus of Morgagni.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle (421 words)

	Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Constrictor pharyngis medius (Middle constrictor) is a fanshaped muscle, smaller than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
		It arises from the whole length of the upper border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, from the lesser cornu, and from the stylohyoid ligament.
		The fibers diverge from their origin: the lower ones descend beneath the Constrictor inferior, the middle fibers pass transversely, and the upper fibers ascend and overlap the Constrictor superior.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle (370 words)

	[No title]
		Pharyngeal contraction Very little specific research on pharyngeal contraction Pharyngeal stripping wave superior to inferior Contractions of pharyngeal constrictors during swallowing is very submaximal.we don’t use pharyngeal constrictors heavily in the swallowing process.
		The inferior pharyngeal constrictor is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (CN 9 & 10).
		The amplitude of pharyngeal pressures, duration of peak pharyngeal pressures, and rate of propagation of the contractions were not significantly different for age, gender, or consistency of bolus Nilsson H; Ekberg O; Olsson R; Hindfelt B (1996) 53 Nondysphagic elderly evaluated using the noninvasive ROSS (Repetitive Oral Suction Swallow) test.
	www.spth.canterbury.ac.nz /people/huckabee/lecturethree.doc (2904 words)

	pharyngeal constrictor muscle (inferior, anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The inferior constrictor is most inferior of the three muscles which envelope the pharynx.
		The inferior pharyngeal constrictor acts to constrict the wall of the pharynx and so facilitates swallowing.
		It is innervated by the pharyngeal and superior laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve (X) via the pharyngeal plexus.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/67502158.htm (194 words)

	Legend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Note that the pharyngeal branches of the X (large arrow) and IX (red arrow) nerves, and the sympathetic nerve branches from the superior cervical ganglion (S) form the pharyngeal plexus to innervate the superior (SPC), middle (MPC) and inferior (IPC) pharyngeal constrictor muscles, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES).
		Note that the pharyngeal branch of the X nerve (large arrow) supplies the outer layer of the pharyngeal constrictor (SPC, MPC and IPC) and cricopharyngeus (CP) muscles, whereas the IX innervates the inner layer of the muscles.
		Left pharyngeal branch of the IX nerve (Ph-IX) (small arrow) and pharyngeal branch of the X nerve (Ph-X) (large arrow) enter the lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) posterior to the tonsil (T) and break up numerous terminal twigs which supply the LPW and extend to the posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW).
	www.upperairway.com /LEGEND.htm (2383 words)

	Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Activation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- KUNA and SMICKLEY 156 (3): 874 -- American ...
		Pharyngeal airway closure during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally felt to be due to the state-related
		Superior pharyngeal constrictor and genioglossus electromyographic activity during obstructive apneas in an OSA subject.
		Superior pharyngeal constrictor and genioglossus activity during an obstructive apnea in an OSA subject.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/156/3/874 (3542 words)

	Dissertations from Karolinska Institutet - Published by Karolinska Institutet Karolinska Institutet - ki.se
		A four- to five-fold increase in the incidence of pharyngeal dysfunction with impaired airway protection and bolus penetrating to the laryngeal inlet was revealed during partial neuromuscular block.
		The muscle fiber cross sectional area was generally smaller in the cricopharyngeal than the pharyngeal constrictor muscle while the muscle fiber type composition did not differ between the two muscles.
		Pharyngeal function and airway protection during subhypnotic concentrations of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane: volunteers examined by pharyngeal videoradiography and simultaneous manometry.
	diss.kib.ki.se /2002/91-7349-161-6 (622 words)

	Human Anatomy - Lab 31 Step 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The inferior part of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is overlapped by the superior part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
		Fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle course superiorly and posteriorly to insert into the median pharyngeal raphe.
		The most inferior fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle are termed the cricopharyngeus muscle, which is continuous inferiorly with the muscular wall of the esophagus.
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/haonline/labs/l31/100403.htm (103 words)

	Med-Lib - Medical Online Library - English Articles - Oxford Textbook of Surgery - ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The muscles which form the upper oesophageal sphincter are the cricopharyngeus and either the lower fibres of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor or the upper fibres of the cervical oesophagus.
		A frequent abnormality is decreased propulsion of the bolus by the pharynx.
		This response may be secondary to poor function of the tongue, decreased pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity, or dysfunction in opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter.
	med-lib.ru /english/oxford/dysphagia.shtml (2105 words)

	APStracts 3:0287A, 1996. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		An expiratory phasic thyroarytenoid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity with simultaneous zero airflow gradually took place and, by 30 min after halothane injection, was present at each expiration, in the 6 remaining lambs.
		Expiratory glottic and pharyngeal constrictor muscle EMG was subsequently present during the whole study period (1.5 to 5 hours), even after correction of the initial hypoxia.
		We hypothesize that expiratory contraction of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle could participate in the active expiratory upper airway closure; this, in turn, might improve alveolo-capillary gas exchange by increasing the end expiratory lung volume.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1996/jap/June/287a.html (330 words)

	Pharynx - Motor Nerves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Note that the pharyngeal branches of the X (large solid arrow) and IX (red arrow) nerves, and the sympathetic nerve branches from the superior cervical ganglion (S) form the pharyngeal plexus to innervate the superior (SPC), middle (MPC) and inferior (IPC) pharyngeal constrictor muscles, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES).
		High-power magnification photograph of the boxed region in Figure 4, showing the segmental innervation of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the nerve terminals of the motor pharyngeal plexus.
		Note that the pharyngeal branch of the X nerve (red arrow) supplies the outer layer of the pharyngeal constrictor (SPC, MPC and IPC) and cricopharyngeus (CP) muscles, whereas the IX innervates the inner layer of the muscles.
	www.upperairway.com /pharynxmotonerves.htm (814 words)

	Pharynx and Larynx
		The superior pharyngeal constrictor (SC) arises from the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate and the pterygomandibular raphe which extends from the hamulus to the lingula of the mandible.
		The middle pharyngeal constrictor (MC) arises from the greater horn of the hyoid bone (GH).
		The constrictors join in the mid line posteriorly as a seam (pharyngeal raphe) which is suspended form the pharyngeal tubercle on bottom of the occipital bone.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/lesson8.htm (900 words)

	Inferior pharyngeal constrictor electromyographic activity during permeability pulmonary edema in lambs -- Diaz et al. ...
		An expiratory phasic EMG of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle was observed in six of the seven lambs during baseline
		the phasic expiratory EMG of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
		from midinspiration to midexpiration) EMG of the inferior pharyngeal
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/1598 (3619 words)

	Anatomy Tables - Carotid Sheath, Pharynx, & Larynx
		it is the attachment of the superior pharyngeal constrictor m.
		pharyngeal wall and superior border of the thyroid cartilage along with the palatopharyngeus m.
		auricular br., pharyngeal br., superior laryngeal, superior and inferior cervical cardiac brs., recurrent laryngeal, thoracic cardiac brs., brs.
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /head/deepneck_tables.html (3649 words)

	Anatomy of the Swallow
		The latest research on swallowing suggests that the action of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles is not the most critical factor in the movement of food down the pharynx.
		At the end of the pharyngeal stage of the swallow, it must relax to allow the bolus to enter the esophagus.
		In addition, the trigeminal assists the glossopharyngeal nerve in raising the larynx and pulling it forward during the laryngeal substage of the pharyngeal swallow.
	www.csuchico.edu /~pmccaff/syllabi/SPPA342/342unit3.html (1219 words)

	Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Muscles of the Head and Neck
		constricts the pharyngeal cavity and the entrance to the esophagus
		tonsilar branch of the facial a., ascending pharyngeal a.
		ascending pharyngeal a., ascending palatine branch of the facial a.
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /anatomytables/muscles_head_neck.html (4201 words)

	AACPS Corequest
		This muscle elevates the velum toward the posterior pharyngeal wall to close the velopharyngeal mechanism and pull the eustachian tube open.
		The superior pharyngeal constrictor originates from the posterior pharyngeal raphe and courses downward and forward to insert into the medial pterygoid plate, the pterygomandibular raphe, and the posterior part of the hyoid.
		It inserts between the fibers of the superior and middle pharyngeal muscles in the pharyngeal wall.
	www.aacplasticsurgery.org /member4/newcore2003/2005/cleftlip.html (678 words)

	APStracts 5:0419A, 1998. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor (PC) muscle activation on pharyngeal airway function were determined in 20 decerebrate, tracheotomized cats.
		The results indicate that PC activation stiffens the pharyngeal airway exerting both radial and axial effects.
		The radial effects are dependent on airway volume: constricting the airway at relatively high airway volumes, and dilating the airway at relatively low airway volumes.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1998/jap/November/419A.html (238 words)

	Mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor activation on pharyngeal airway function -- Kuna and Vanoye 86 (1): 411 -- ...
		Mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor activation on pharyngeal airway function -- Kuna and Vanoye 86 (1): 411 -- Journal of Applied Physiology
		Mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor activation on pharyngeal airway function
		The mechanical effects of pharyngeal constrictor (PC) muscle activation on pharyngeal airway function were determined in 20
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/86/1/411 (464 words)

	pharyngeal constrictor muscle (superior, anatomy) - General Practice Notebook
		The superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx is one of the paired external muscles of the pharynx.
		pharyngeal tubercle on the clivus of the occiput
		Superior constrictor constricts the wall of the pharynx during swallowing.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /simplepage.cfm?ID=26869838 (827 words)

	eMedicine - Zenker Diverticulum : Article Excerpt by: Spencer Sincleair, MD
		A Zenker diverticulum is a false diverticulum consisting of mucosa and submucosa that arises from the posterior portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
		Pathophysiology: Zenker diverticulum occurs at an area of potential weakness in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle referred to as the Killian dehiscence.
		It is located between the obliquely oriented fibers of the thyropharyngeal muscle and the horizontally oriented fibers of the cricopharyngeal muscle.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/zenker-diverticulum.htm (580 words)

	[No title]
		the inferior constrictor is innermost and the superior constrictor is outermost
		superior to the superior pharyngeal constrictor, the pharyngobasilar fascia blends with the buccopharyngeal fascia to form the thin wall of the pharyngeal recess
		the superior pharyngeal constrictor has not yet been innervated and liquid pools in the pharynx when a baby is supine, increasing the chance the baby may aspirate (inhale) some fluid
	kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/larynx.wbc (1160 words)

	Svårt att svälja - hur upplevs dysfagi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ekberg O, Nylander G: Cineradiography of the pharyngeal stage of deglutition in 250 patients with dysphagia.
		Ekberg O, Nylander G: Pharyngeal constrictor paresis in patients with dysphagia: A cineradiographic study.
		Ekberg O: Elevation of the pharynx and the width of the pharyngo-esophageal segment during swallow.
	www.dysfagi.se /rek_litteratur_dysfagi.html (2182 words)

	External Pharynx
		contains the inferior teeth; formed from the mesenchyme of the 1st pharyngeal arch, and its muscles are innervated by the nerve of the 1st arch (mandibular division of cranial nerve V) mylohyoid line
		auricular br., pharyngeal br., superior laryngeal, superior and inferior cervical cardiac brs., recurrent laryngeal n., thoracic cardiac brs., brs.
		valveless; the pterygoid plexus is connected with the cavernous sinus and the pharyngeal venous plexus
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/externalpharynx.html (3092 words)

	W.R. Zemlin Memorial Web Site - Larynx Part 2 Text Version
		Note continuation of fibers into inferior pharyngeal constrictor.
		Note continuation of deep fibers into inferior pharyngeal constrictor.
		Another example of continuation of deep fibers of sternothyroid into inferior pharyngeal constrictor.
	zemlin.shs.uiuc.edu /larynx2/text.htm (447 words)

	Pharynx, Palate and Oral Cavity – Terms from Grant’s Dissector
		In the midline on the posterior wall of pharynx and attaches to pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone
		Muscles: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N (except Tensor veli palatini M innervated by mandibular N) Phonation, seals nasopharynx from oropharynx during swallowing.
		All intrinsic and extrinsic M of tongue, except palatoglossus M (by cranial root of spinal accessory N via pharyngeal branches of vagus N) Lingual artery
	umed.med.utah.edu /MS1/anatomy/study/pharn_oral_tabl.html (286 words)

	Head and Neck quiz -- muscles of the soft palate and pharynx
		Where is the insertion of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
		Where is the insertion of the Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
		Median raphe and pharyngeal tubercule of occipital bone
	www.amyrdhstudents.com /musclesofsoftpalate.htm (716 words)

	pars
		buccopharyn´gea mu´sculi constricto´ris phary´ngei superio´ris [NA] buccopharyngeal part of superior pharyngeal constrictor See superior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
		cricopharyn´gea mus´culi constricto´ris pharyn´gis inferio´ris [NA] cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor See inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
		thyropharyn´gea mus´culi constricto´ris pharyn´gis inferio´ris [NA] thyropharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle See inferior constrictor muscle of pharynx.
	www.painhealth.com /word.asp?q=31303 (1817 words)

	Lateral Pharyngeal and Prevertebral Regions
		With the sternomastoid reflected, clean and structures in the carotid sheath:
		When the fingers are gently slid behind the carotid sheath structures (arrows), the internal jugular vein can be reflected freed from the lateral pharyngeal structures.
		If traced far enough cephalad, you will reach the base of the skull and the jugular foramen.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/lesson7.htm (592 words)

	eMedicine - Zenker Diverticulum : Article by Spencer Sincleair, MD
		Synonyms and related keywords: posterior hypopharyngeal diverticulum 1, false diverticulum, inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, Killian dehiscence, gastroesophageal reflux, hiatal hernia, pseudo-Zenker diverticulum
		False Positives/Negatives: Barium may become trapped above a cricopharyngeal muscle that has closed before the pharyngeal contraction has passed, and this may mimic the appearance of a Zenker diverticulum.
		The pseudo-Zenker diverticulum does not protrude beyond the expected location of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and it generally does not persist after the contrast agent bolus has passed.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic750.htm (1601 words)

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