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Topic: Pharyngeal tonsil

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	Pharynx - LoveToKnow 1911
		Above and in front it is continuous with the cavity of the mouth, and the demarcation between the two is a ridge of mucous membrane on each side running from the soft palate to the side of the tongue, and caused by the projection of the palato-glossus muscle.
		The Tonsil is an oval mass of lymphoid tissue covered by mucous membrane which dips in to form mucous crypts; externally its position nearly corresponds to that of the angle of the jaw.
		Below the level of the tonsil the anterior wall of the pharynx is formed by the posterior or pharyngeal surface of the tongue (q.v.), while below that is the epiglottis and upper opening of the larynx which is bounded laterally by the aryteno-epiglottic folds (see Respiratory System).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pharynx (1448 words)

	Tonsil and Adenoid Problems
		The sulcus terminalis, anterior to the circumvallate papillae, separates the lingual tonsil from the mucosa of the anterior portion of the tongue.
		The pharyngeal tonsil is formed by numerous variable folds of lymphoid tissue within the mucous membrane of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
		Vincent's angina is caused by simultaneous infection with a spirochete and a fusiform bacillus.
	www.otohns.net /?id=14085 (5106 words)

	Tonsils
		Tonsils (palatine, lingual and pharyngeal) consist of lymphatic nodules lying in a subepithelial position, separated from underlying tissues by a connective tissue capsule.
		The lymphoid tissue of the palatine tonsils is penetrated by deep crypts lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium continuous with the same type of epithelium overlying the palatine tonsils.
		The next characteristic that is important in distinguishing the pharyngeal tonsils is the presence of Psuedostratified Epithelium, indicated by the red arrows.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab12/lab12tonsils.html (390 words)

	Chapter 53: THE PHARYNX AND LARYNX
		A mass of lymphoid tissue, the (naso)pharyngeal tonsil is embedded in the mucous membrane of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
		The pharyngeal ridge is an elevation or bar on the posterior wall of the pharynx inferior to the level of the soft palate; it is produced during swallowing by transverse muscle fibers.
		53-3 The pharyngeal isthmus (between the nasopharynx and oropharynx) is bounded by the soft palate, palatopharyngeal arches, and posterior wall of the pharynx.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_53.html (5054 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		The tonsil is loosely adherent to the sinus tonsillaris which is a pyramidal space bounded by the anterior faucial pillar, the posterior faucial pillar, and the superior constrictor of the pharynx.
		The plica is composed of a fold of the mucous membrane.
		The tonsil may be enlarged in response to mechnical stimuli from the faucial pillars and the constrictors of the pharynx and stylo-pharyngeus, also from misuse of the voice.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/millard/millch14.html (11498 words)

	eMedicine - Velopharyngeal Insufficiency : Article by Michael J Biavati, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The ostium is bordered anteriorly by the salpingopalatine fold and posteriorly by the cartilaginous torus tubarius.
		Posterior to the torus tubarius is the pharyngeal recess.
		Pharyngeal tonsil (ie, adenoid): The adenoid, which is a closely aggregated collection of lymphoid nodules, is directly posterior in the nasopharynx and overlies the basilar portions of the sphenoid and occipital bones.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic596.htm (6266 words)

	Tonsillitis. - Dr. Sayeed Ahmad
		It is one of the chief remedies at the beginning of Acute Tonsillitis especially in children, with high fever and all the symptoms of congestion.
		The tonsils become large and are apt to be studded with small indurated ulcers.
		The tonsil is enlarged and encroaches on neighbouring parts and the breathing is labored.
	www.homeoint.org /site/ahmad/tonsillitis.htm (768 words)

	ENT Nursing.com - ear infections, hearing aids, inner ear infections
		There are superficial masses of lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal mucosa, which form a ring that acts as a filter, protecting the body against infecting organisms that might enter it from the nose or mouth.
		The faucial tonsils consist of lymphoid tissue with 8 - 20 tubular crypts, which frequently branch in the depth of the tonsil, lymphocytes normally collect in the crypts.
		The pharyngeal tonsil lies on the roof and upper posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
	www.entnursing.com /throatanatomy.htm (1193 words)

	[No title]
		Clinical note: Enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil impedes the flow of air and is a leading contributor to snoring in the young child.
		Clinical note: Removal of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoidectomy) along with placement of tubes in the tympanic membrane (myringotomy) is a common surgical procedure that is indicated when a child is experiencing repeated and/or continuous episodes of otitis media.
		In the midline the superior attachment is to the pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the skull and the remaining muscle meets its companion muscle from the opposite side to form a mid-line pharyngeal raphe.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /anatomy/Neck/HN9Pharynx03.doc (3240 words)

	XI. Splanchnology. 2c. The Pharynx. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		On its lateral wall is the pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube, somewhat triangular in shape, and bounded behind by a firm prominence, the torus or cushion, caused by the medial end of the cartilage of the tube which elevates the mucous membrane.
		The interval between the upper border of the muscle and the base of the skull is closed by the pharyngeal aponeurosis, and is known as the sinus of Morgagni.
		The pharyngeal aponeurosis, or fibrous coat, is situated between the mucous and muscular layers.
	www.bartleby.com /107/244.html (1400 words)

	Tonsil Summary
		The adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils are often prominent in childhood but usually diminish in size in the adult.
		Inflammation of these tonsils is commonly referred to as tonsillitis, a condition characterized by a painful swelling of the throat often associated with fever and difficulty in swallowing.
		Tonsil crypts are indentations on the tonsil that resemble the pores of the skin.
	www.bookrags.com /Tonsil (791 words)

	Tonsil and Adenoid Problems in Kids Signal Overall Poorer Health
		When a child has ongoing tonsil and adenoid disease, parents should trust their judgment and insist that the child get proper treatment." Gates, a professor of otolaryngology at the University of Washington in Seattle, provided WebMD with an objective analysis of the study.
		A subset of 55 children had one of several types of ongoing tonsil or adenoid disease, such as recurrent tonsillitis or chronic snoring.
		The average age of the children with tonsil and adenoid disease was approximately 6 years.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/21/1728_54846 (722 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		Normally the tonsil is freely movable in this muscular pocket, the actions of which in swallowing express the contents of the crypts.
		One case was examined by an old school specialist (out of curiosity) two years later, while examining the patient for glasses, and he informed the lady I had taken her tonsils out whether she knew it or not.
		While restoring to the structural integrity of the lymphatic ring it is urgent that the lymphatic and venous drainage be mechanically helped by manipulation of the main trunks in the anterior neck and by stimulation of the cervical sympathetics.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/articles/artricha.html (2394 words)

	HerbChina2000.com - Herbal Remedies - Tonsil cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The tonsils that can be seen are the palatine tonsils and are located in a muscular cove between the anterior (front) and posterior (back) tonsillar pillars.
		Some tonsil cancers can be derived from the lymphocyte component but these are called lymphomas (cancer of white blood cells) and have a totally different prognosis in comparison to squamous cell carcinoma.
		The causes of tonsil cancer is primarily associated with smoking.
	www.herbchina2000.com /therapies/CST.shtml (870 words)

	Internal Pharynx; Nasal Cavities
		tonsilar branch of the facial a., ascending pharyngeal a.
		pharyngeal wall and superior border of the thyroid cartilage along with the palatopharyngeus m.
		ascending pharyngeal a., ascending palatine branch of the facial a.
	anatomy.uams.edu /AnatomyHTML/pharynxnose.html (4786 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 1142
		Behind the ostium of the auditory tube is a deep recess, the pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller).
		On the posterior wall is a prominence, best marked in childhood, produced by a mass of lymphoid tissue, which is known as the pharyngeal tonsil.
		Above the pharyngeal tonsil, in the middle line, an irregular flask-shaped depression of the mucous membrane sometimes extends up as far as the basilar process of the occipital bone; it is known as the pharyngeal bursa.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page1142.html (474 words)

	The Tonsils and Adenoids in Pediatric Patients
		The lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx and oropharynx is composed of the adenoids, the tubal tonsils, the lateral bands, the palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsils.
		Blood supply is from the ascending palatine branch of the facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, pharyngeal branch of the internal maxillary artery, the artery of the pterygoid canal, and the ascending cervical branch of the thyrocervical trunk.
		The immunologic structure of the tonsils and adenoids is divided into four compartments: the reticular crypt epithelium, the extra follicular area, the mantle zone of the lymphoid follicle, and the germinal center of the lymphoid follicle.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Pedi-TA-020619/Pedi-TA-020619.htm (2589 words)

	Return to DefeatAutismYesterday
		The tonsils are located just superior and anterior to the superior cervical ganglion, just anterior to the vertebral junction of C1 and C2.
		As long as patients react with tonsillitis, fever and rather acute symptoms, the tonsils may be healthy.
		When the tonsils cannot excrete toxins anymore lymphatic toxins have to be shunted into the blood stream to other organs which have now an overflow-valve type of function and become symptomatic.
	www.defeatautismyesterday.com /tonsils.htm (1679 words)

	Throat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Tonsillitis refers to an inflammation or infection of the 'pharyngeal' Tonsil Tissues found at each side in the back of the throat.
		The tonsils are important in early infancy and childhood.
		The tonsils serve a useful immune purpose, in the healthy child, for only the first 2 to 3 years of age.
	www.allergies-ent.com /throat.htm (1219 words)

	Tonsillectomy
		Tonsillectomy, in simple terms is the surgical removal of tonsils; two masses of tissue located one on either side, at the back of the throat.
		Tonsils (also called palatine tonsils) are two masses of lymph type of tissues located on both sides of the back of the throat.
		Adenoids (also called pharyngeal tonsil) are also types of tissues lying by the side but extend sometimes higher up almost behind the nose.
	www.medindia.net /surgicalprocedures/tonsillectomy-about.htm (236 words)

	More on Tonsil
		Tonsils in humans include (from superiorly to inferiorly); pharyngeal tonsils (also known as adenoids), tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils.
		Patients whose tonsils have been removed are still protected from infection by the rest of their immune system.
		These deposits are known as tonsilloliths or "tonsil stones" and emit a very pungent odour due to the presence of volatile sulphur compounds.
	www.psyhist.com /tonsil.htm (457 words)

	eMedicine - Malignant Tumors of the Tonsil : Article by Gerard Domanowski, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The arrangement of the epithelium with the lymphocytes in the tonsil is unusual.
		Although the palatine tonsils are a rich source of lymphatics and lymphoid tissue, metastases to the palatine tonsils are rare.
		Hyams VJ: Differential diagnosis of neoplasia of the palatine tonsil.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic265.htm (3151 words)

	Tonsils
		The palatine tonsils are covered with stratified squamous epithelium; the pharyngeal, with respiratory epithelium.
		The pharyngeal tonsil (called the "adenoids" when enlarged) may obstruct the airway, causing breathing difficulties.
		The crypts characteristic of the palatine tonsils are not present in the pharyngeal tonsil?
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab18/lab18tonsils.html (195 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Microscopic Anatomy: Section 9: Lymphatic System
		The palatine and lingual tonsils are covered with a stratified squamous epithelium, whereas the pharyngeal tonsil is covered with a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium, with some goblet cells characteristic of the nasopharynx.
		In adults, the pharyngeal tonsil is covered by a stratified squamous epithelium.
		The epithelium covering the tonsils is extensively infiltrated by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /MicroscopicAnatomy/Section09/Section09.shtml (2379 words)

	Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Can Infect CD4+ T Lymphocytes and Induce Programmed Cell Death during Acute Infection of Cattle -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Analysis of T-lymphocyte populations in pharyngeal tonsil and retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
		lymphocytes at 5 and 7 dpi from PBMC and from pharyngeal tonsil
		Bovine herpesvirus-1-induced pharyngeal tonsil lesions in neonatal and weanling calves.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/10/8657 (6379 words)

	Oral cavity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Frenulum of lip: cutaneous fold of the lips.
		Palatopharyngeal arch: rear membrane holding the tonsil in place.
		Palatoglossal arch: front membrane holding the tonsil in place.
	www.infovisual.info /03/054_en.html (45 words)

	Lymphoepithelial cyst
		The surface of such aggregates may be indented with tonsillar crypts, as are the much larger pharyngeal tonsils of the lateral pharyngeal walls.
		Approximately half of all intraoral examples are found on the oral floor, but the lateral and ventral tongue are not uncommon sites of occurrence, nor is the soft palate, especially the mucosa above the pharyngeal tonsil.
		The aggregate or "tonsil" will have a variable number of germinal centers, sometimes none at all.
	www.maxillofacialcenter.com /BondBook/softtissue/lymphoepithcyst.html (667 words)

	Adenoid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Adenoids (or pharyngeal tonsils, or nasopharyngeal tonsils) are a mass of lymphoid tissue situated at the very back of the nose, in the roof of the nasopharynx, where the nose blends into the mouth.
		Carried out through the mouth under a general anaesthetic, adenoidectomy involves the adenoids being curetted, cauterised, lasered, or otherwise ablated.
		They also differ from the other tonsil types by lacking crypts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pharyngeal_tonsil (327 words)

	HPV infections and tonsillar carcinoma -- Syrjänen 57 (5): 449 -- Journal of Clinical Pathology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		overlying the lymphatic tissues in the tonsil crypts is of the
		In pharyngeal tonsils, however, the epithelium is of the ciliated,
		Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsils: a molecular analysis of HPV associations.
	jcp.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/57/5/449 (4090 words)

	Sleep-disordered breathing, pharyngeal size and soft tissue anatomy in children -- Fregosi et al. 95 (5): 2030 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pharyngeal tonsils (top, axial images), and soft palate and adenoids (bottom, sagittal images) are shaded for ease of differentiation.
		Note the enlarged tonsils, soft palate, and adenoids in the child with the higher OAHI, as well as the much narrower pharyngeal air space, particularly where the adenoids and soft palate overlap.
		The male predisposition to pharyngeal collapse: importance of airway length.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/95/5/2030 (5418 words)

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