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	Phase angle (astronomy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phase angle in astronomical observations is the angle between the light incident onto an observed object and the light reflected from the object.
		In the context of the astronomical observations this used to be the angle Sun-object-Earth.
		The etymology of the term is related to the notion of planetary phases, since the brightness of an object and its appearance as a "phase" is the function of the phase angle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phase_angle_(astronomy) (323 words)

	phase angle
		Phase function is the change in the brightness of an object as a function of the phase angle.
		The phase function is usually described as the change in magnitude (brightness) per degree of phase angle.
		Phase defect is the angular extent of the illuminated portion of the disk of the Moon or a planet compared to its full disk.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/phase_angle.html (268 words)

	Phase Shifters - Microwave Encyclopedia - Microwaves101.com
		Phase shifters are used to change the transmission phase angle (phase of S21) of a network.
		Digital phase shifters provide a discrete set of phase states that are controlled by two-state "phase bits." The highest order bit is 180 degrees, the next highest is 90 degrees, then 45 degrees, etc, as 360 degrees is divided into smaller and smaller binary steps.
		The convention followed for phase shifters is that the shortest phase length is the reference or "off" state, and the longest path or phase length is the "on" state.
	www.microwaves101.com /encyclopedia/phaseshifters.cfm (658 words)

	Phase Angle Meter
		Phase angle measurement with the Laureate Phase Meter requires that two signals with identical periods be applied to Channels A and B. Phase angle measurement from -180º to +180º is obtained by timing the rising edge of one channel and the falling edge of the other channel, and programming a 180º offset.
		Phase angle indicates the lead or lag in degrees from 0º to 360º between two periodic signals having the same period.
		Phase angle measurement is commonly used with AC power from 50 Hz to 400 Hz.
	www.laurels.com /phase-angle-meter.html (230 words)

	Phase Angle Panel Meters to Display Angular Phase Offset in Degrees, Micro Series
		Phase angle measurement requires that two signals with identical periods be applied to Channels A and B. A display from -180º to +180º is obtained by timing the rising edge of one channel and the falling edge of the other channel, and programming a 180º offset.
		Phase angle indicates the lead or lag in degrees from 0º to 360º between two periodic signals having the same frequency.
		In the illustration, phase angle is 360*P1/P. The signals are applied to the A and B input channels.
	www.electronumerics.com /micro/micro_phase_angle.htm (810 words)

	Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Phase Angle
		There is also disclosed a method for measuring the phase angle due to the impedance of an animal having properties of varying resistance and capacitance due to changes in muscular tension, comprising the steps of passing an alternating current through the animal, and measuring the phase during changes of resistance and capacitance.
		Phase angle, determined by BIA, has been found to be a prognostic indicator in several chronic conditions, such as HIV, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, and in patients undergoing dialysis.
		Phase angle was calculated directly from body resistance and reactance, and fat mass (FM) was estimated from the combination of weight, hydrodensitometry, and total body water by using the 3-compartment Siri equation.
	www.rjlsystems.com /docs/phase_angle (4102 words)

	Phase angle diagnostics for sinusoidal controlled electric machine - Patent 6694287
		The PWM duty cycle of the respective phase during this interval is zero, therefore a selected switching device of the inverter 20 is turned on to connect a respective winding of the motor 12 to the ground or negative bus 22n of the voltage source 22.
		Finally, if the Phase C waveform is observed, it should be evident that from count 0 to count 64 and 128 to 192 the PWM switching is occurring and from count 64 to 128 the phase is grounded and therefore no switching should be observed.
		If it is ascertained that a particular phase is switching when it is not expected to be, or not switching when it is expected to be switching, a fault may be logged indicating a phase angle error in the voltages applied to the motor 12.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6694287.html (7667 words)

	Phase Noise, Harmonics and Sub-Harmonics
		When phase noise is measured, it is small variations in the phase angle that are measured and then the length of the phase noise vector is inferred.
		The small angle assumption states that the length of the phase noise vector is equal to the measured angle multiplied by the signal size.
		A conversion factor may be determined for the mixer/ phase detector by observing the slope of the beat-note at zero volts when the oscillators are not locked (as X volts per radian).
	www.wenzel.com /documents/noise.html (764 words)

	Newtons4th Ltd UK: Phase Measurement
		The phase angle may be expressed in the range of +180° to -180°, or 0°: to 360° or 0° to -360°.
		For the phase measurement to be stable, the two signals must be at the same frequency or harmonics of the same frequency.
		Phase is measured with a two input instrument such as a phase meter, or phase selective voltmeter (vector voltmeter), or frequency response analyser (gain/phase analyser).
	www.phase-angle.com (313 words)

	Phase Angle Measurement Using a Digital Oscilloscope
		In this case the angle is in the first quadrant since the zero crossing is between 0 and 90 degrees ahead of the reference.
		The phase angle of this waveform is in the third quadrant.
		This angle is in the fourth quadrant between 0 and 1/4 period lagging behind the reference waveform.
	engr.astate.edu /jdg/Circuits/Lab/PhaseMeasurement.html (811 words)

	SCR Power Controllers: Phase Angle Fired
		Phase angle control has the advantage of proportioning every cycle.
		A phase angle fired unit can be gradually turned on, providing a soft start to eliminate transformer inrush.
		This controller is a three phase unit which is available with ratings from 40 to 350 amps.
	www.spangpower.com /scr-phase.htm (329 words)

	Magnequest - Transformers and Phase Shifts
		With 127 henries the phase shift at 440 hertz is reduced to 2.61 degrees.
		These phase shifts, as I have understood from posts on this board and other venues, change the nature and slope of the plate curves and introduce ellipsis that load the tube reactively and cause the plate generated distortion of the tube to increase.
		This illustrates that the lower the phase shift you desire the greater the inductive reactance must be at any given frequency which you select.
	www.magnequest.com /tech2.htm (808 words)

	Delta3_and_PhaseAngle:
		In an articulated rotor, the phase angle is related to the frequency of blade flapping.
		If the phase lag angle is reduce by 20º, from 90º to 70º, then the location of lowest and highest teetering will be 20º further around the mast.
		Phase Lag repositions the radial orientation between the cyclic stick and the rotor disk.
	www.unicopter.com /Delta3_and_PhaseAngle.html (938 words)

	Voltage and Current Phase Angle Relationships
		The angle by which the sine curve of the voltage in a circuit element (or a combination of elements) leads or lags the sine curve of the current in that circuit element(s) is called the phase angle
		It is useful to thank of the phase angle as the angle by which the peak voltage leads or lags the current.
		For series RLC circuit the phase angle can be determined from the impedance of the components that make up the circuit.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~vawter/PhysicsNet/Topics/ACCircuit/PhaseAngle.html (183 words)

	rayleigh scattering: phase function
		The angle between the incident flux and the local normal is given by
		The angle between the local normal and the observer is given by
		The Rayleigh phase function is given in terms of scattering angles or phase angles by
	atmos.nmsu.edu /education_and_outreach/encyclopedia/rayleigh_phase.htm (214 words)

	Phase angle
		The phase angle of a point on a periodic wave is the distance between the point and a specified reference point, expressed using an angular measure.
		The phase angle of a vector may be written as M ∠θ, where M is the magnitude of the vector and θ is the phase angle relative to the specified reference point.
		The reference points may be any significant instants on the waves, such as where they cross the abscissa.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ph/Phase_angle.html (163 words)

	phase - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Angle suggests a limitation of perspective, frequently with emphasis on the observer's own point of view: the reporter's angle on the story.
		At the beginning of the phase, its value is zero; at one quarter of its cycle, its phase is 90 degrees (π/2 radians); halfway through the cycle its value is 180 degrees (π radians), and so on.
		Two waves of the same frequency that are perfectly in phase have phase angle zero; if one wave is ahead of the other by a quarter cycle, its phase angle 90 degrees (π/2 radians); waves that are perfectly out of phase have phase angle 180 degrees (π radians), and so on.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/phase (1726 words)

	Coupling 3
		Because the phase angle and period (T) change with time, each is followed by t in parentheses; in other words, the phase angle and period are a function of time.
		To figure the amount of phase angle change in oscillator i due to coupling with other oscillators, for each other oscillator j, take the difference of the phase angles of i and j and add some function (the coupling function) of this difference to the sum.
		A negative phase angle difference means that the oscillator we are considering, oscillator i, is behind the other oscillator, oscillator j.
	www.indiana.edu /~gasser/E105/coupling3.html (1217 words)

	FLW - Quality
		The Laureate phase angle meter provides exceptionally fast response and six-digit accuracy for low frequencies, such as AC line frequency.
		As for phase angle, duty cycle is determined by averaging an integral number of periods over a gate time which is selectable from 10 ms to 199.99 s.
		The same signal is applied to Channels A and B. The meter divides the average pulse width by the period between pulses and expresses this ratio in percent.
	www.flw.com /laurel/phase.htm (1017 words)

	Measurement of magnitude and phase angle of voltage and current phasors and frequency deviation in power systems - ...
		Methods for determining magnitude, phase angle and frequency deviation in the sinusoid waveform output of electrical power generation equipment are disclosed.
		The first method uses a two-state linear Kalman filter to calculate the magnitude and phase angle from which the frequency deviation is calculated using the linear relationship between frequency deviation and the average rate of change of phase angle.
		It was observed that the noise level affected the fluctuations of the phase angle in the two-state Kalman filter model and the fluctuations of the estimated frequency deviation of the three-state Kalman filter model.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4661769.html (3276 words)

	EC Formula - Phase Angle
		The angle by which the sine curve of the voltage in a circuit leads or lags the sine curve of the current in the circuit is called the phase angle
		The phase angle can be calculated from the simple trigonometric relationship between the inductive reactance and the resistance on the impedance plane.
		It can also be seen from the impedance plane that when the total impedance and the phase angle are known, the individual components of the impedance (inductive reactance and resistance) can be calculated.
	www.ndt-ed.org /GeneralResources/Formula/ECFormula/Phase/PhaseAngle.htm (283 words)

	Spectrum Analysis using Java, Complex Spectrum and Phase Angle
		Basically, the phase angle is the angle that you get when you compute the arc tangent of the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the complex spectrum at a particular frequency.
		The phase angle produced by performing a Fourier transform on a pulse of a given waveform is not unique.
		The phase angle in the complex spectrum for a pulse of this shape is nonlinear.
	www.developer.com /java/other/article.php/3411041 (7372 words)

	Xitron Technologies - Phase Angle Voltmeters
		Phase Angle Voltmeters provide direct readouts of phase insensitive, phase sensitive and harmonic data.
		Xitron’s 6010 Portable Phase Angle Voltmeter uses the latest in DSP technology to deliver true accuracy, versatility, flexibility, and portability without the cost and reliability burdens of older technology.
		It's impressive accuracy (0.2% amplitude, 0.5° phase) and bandwidth (10Hz to 10kHz), and the fact that it's easy to use, make it a must for discerning field service and production engineers.
	www.xitrontech.com /phase_angle.html (289 words)

	0998
		It has been stated that the conventional swashplate is an ideal control mechanism for rotors with a 90-phase angle, but it is not ideal for rotors with a phase angle less than 90.
		To me it appears that the resultant control (swashplate) phase angle is a compromise between the gyroscopic precession's 90-degrees and the aerodynamic precession's less than 90-degrees.
		For a rotor that is freely articulated at the center of rotation, or a teetering rotor, the phase lag is 90-degrees.
	www.unicopter.com /0998.html (897 words)

	NIST Calibration Services: Phase Meters and VOR Measurements
		Phase Meters — One Combination of Input Voltages (0.5 V to 120 V) at One Frequency (2 Hz to 100 kHz) — the Input Voltage Ratio Shall Not Exceed 10
		Although the accuracy of the phase angle standard does not rely on the stability of the frequency, the generated output, which can be varied in steps of 1 Hz, is locked to a crystal–controlled frequency synthesizer.
		A. The voltage inputs of the phase meter to be tested must have impedances such that the current is limited to a few milliamperes at any applied voltage requested.
	ts.nist.gov /MeasurementServices/Calibrations/Phase-meters.cfm (997 words)

	Phase Angle Vs. Transistor Dissipation
		In this case, the phase angle is a little over 45°, and was simulated by placing a 700uH inductor in series with the 4 Ohm load resistor.
		Table 1 shows the relationship between phase angle (the difference between voltage and current, measured in degrees), peak power dissipated in the amplifier and average power delivered to the load, normalised to 1W.
		Power factor is determined by taking the cosine of the phase angle, and is essentially a 'figure of merit' for an AC load.
	sound.westhost.com /patd.htm (2899 words)

	Lessons In Electric Circuits -- Volume II (AC) - Chapter 2
		The angle of the vector, however, represents the phase shift in degrees between the waveform in question and another waveform acting as a “reference” in time.
		In essence, the angled vector is taken to be the hypotenuse of a right triangle, described by the lengths of the adjacent and opposite sides.
		Likewise, the phase angle of an AC voltage has meaning only in the context of knowing which of the two points is considered the “reference” point.
	www.ibiblio.org /obp/electricCircuits/AC/AC_2.html (5413 words)

	CNC Rotary Phase Converter - Phase-A-Matic, Inc.
		It is a true phase converter and not a modified electric motor as most of our competitors use.
		The output voltage of the Rotary Phase Converter is normally higher than the input voltage under no load and light load conditions.
		In applications with high single- phase voltage (greater than 230V), the no load or light load output voltage may be excessive.
	www.phase-a-matic.com /CNCPac.htm (832 words)

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