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Topic: Phase correlation

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David Hewlett

	Correlation Meter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The correlation meter indicates the degree of similarity or correlation between the left and right channels.
		The extreme case is when the left and right channels are exactly the same, in which case the correlation is +1 and the meter would be positioned all the way to the right.
		The extreme case here would be for the left and right to be exactly out of phase, in which case the correlation is -1 and the meter would be positioned all the way to the left.
	www.izotope.com /support/help/ozone/pages/meters_correlation.htm (341 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5610940 - Method and apparatus for noncoherent reception and correlation of a continous phase modulated ...
		The I correlation signal 408 and the Q correlation signal 410 are coupled to a summer 411, which combines its inputs and produces a unified correlation signal 412.
		When the entire correlation sequence appears in the received signal s(t), the sum of the I correlation* signal 408 and the Q correlation signal 410 is at a maximum, and may be compared against a predetermined threshold to allow recognition of the chip sequence.
		The outputs of all 32 CPM correlators may be summed and, when the sum is at a predetermined maximum level, the CPM correlator 402 with the highest magnitude output may be chosen by a best-of-M detector or similar means as indicative of the data stream d(t).
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5610940.html (15128 words)

	Phase correlation - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Phase correlation is a frequency domain approach to determine the relative translative movement between two images.
		since the magnitude of a complex exponential always is one, and the phase of $\mathbf{I}_a \mathbf{I}_a^*$ always is zero.
		Phase correlation, Method, Proof, Example, References and Computer vision.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Phase_correlation (313 words)

	Study of systematic errors in VLBI caused by spurious phase calibration signals
		Phase calibration is a rail of narrow-band signals with frequencies to be multiple to 1 MHz.
		Phase of phase calibration signal is found as arctan of ration sine and cosine components.
		E Influence of phase cal at X-band on phase cal at S-band.
	gemini.gsfc.nasa.gov /development/spur/spur.html (822 words)

	Sound Localization
		Phase delay is computed from the discrete Fourier transform of the left and right speech signals, L(k) and R(k), respectively, as described by BrandStein, Adcock, and Silverman [44].
		The onset correlation algorithm successfully localized all 20 sound locations, while the raw correlation results were incorrect for two of the most distant speaker locations.
		The correlation of raw inputs, however, blurs together the wide peaks characteristic of this method, and the single resulting peak occurs between the speaker positions.
	www.ise.ncsu.edu /kay/msf/sound.htm (4493 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Abstract: The correlation performance of nonlinear joint transform correlator for input signals containing a target in the presence of the input scene noise that is disjoint with the signal is investigated.
		The phase information is extracted from a joint transform spectrum producing a good correlation performance in terms of noise tolerances and peak sharpness.
		In a first phase a filter based on window mean and variance suppresses noise and generates a greater cohesion of high intensity points in the fringe areas.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/1700/1772.html (4441 words)

	Bima Memoranda Series #3
		Since the phase fluctuations are on a short time scale (12 minutes in our model) the degradation is well characterised by a Gaussian distribution of residual differences between the synthesised maps with and without the noise and phase fluctuations.
		With atmospheric phase fluctuations of 20 and 40 degrees rms, the noise level increases to 0.027 and 0.047 Jy respectively.
		The correlation is assumed to independent of baseline length, so we can reduce the number of equations by computing both the phase and the total power differences with respect to the same antenna.
	bima.astro.umd.edu /memo/memo3.html (883 words)

	The Electron-Pair wavefunction
		Because of the correlation of the electron pairs, it is highly improbable that once the superconducting state has been entered, a pair will be scattered out of the flow (i.e.
		The wavefunctions of the electron-pairs are correlated by with the other pairs by a phase difference, meaning that the knowledge of the wavefunction at one place determines it at another.
		Phase changes occur due to the non-zero net momentum of the Cooper pairs, i.e.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /~baz/squid/node4.html (217 words)

	Power Cycling / Temperature Cycling Correlation Project, Phase 3 (PC-3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		These goals shall be achieved by a series (project phases) of empirical experiments and simultaneous development and refinement of the numerical model.
		Phases 3 and 4 were to be development of a more general model (Phase 3) and an empirical experiment (Phase 4) to be used calibrate that model.
		Phases 3 and 4 are terminated prematurely due to lack of Phase 4 test vehicles.
	www.hdpug.org /public/6-projects/active/power-cycling-3.htm (932 words)

	UCLA PBPL - Free-Electron Laser - FEL Amplification
		This correlation is obtained by modulating the longitudinal beam density on the scale of the radiation wavelength, a process called bunching.
		The length of these bunches is a fraction of the wavelength of the accelerating rf and varies from about 1 mm for the case of a 3 GHz rf linac to a continuous beam for the electrostatic case.
		The radiation phase is slowly adapting to the new phase defined by the bunching phase of the electrons.
	pbpl.physics.ucla.edu /Research/Theory/Free-Electron_Laser/3_-_FEL_Amplification (1384 words)

	Applied Spectroscopy July 2000 Abstracts
		The temperature induced gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is characterized by a shift towards high frequencies and an increase of the width of the bands due to the methylene stretching vibrations.
		The correlation spectrum calculated without the subtraction of reference spectrum, for a single band that shifts with constant intensity, is similar to that calculated without the subtraction of reference, for a band undergoing shift combined with significant intensity variations.
		It is shown that convolution of derivative filter coefficients with the error covariance matrices for the data tend to reduce the contributions of correlated error, thereby reducing the presence of drift noise.
	www.s-a-s.org /journal/00/july2000_ea2.htm (4898 words)

	Global Positioning System Overview
		The approximate orbital data is used to preset the receiver with the approximate position and carrier Doppler frequency (the frequency shift caused by the rate of change in range to the moving SV) of each SV in the constellation.
		A phase locked loop that can lock to either a positive or negative half-cycle (a bi-phase lock loop) is used to demodulate the 50 HZ navigation message from the GPS carrier signal.
		Phase difference changes in the two receivers are reduced using software to differences in three position dimensions between the reference station and the remote receiver.
	www.colorado.edu /geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gps.html (4381 words)

	Metric Halo Spectra Foo Features
		The Correlation Meter reduces the relative phase information between two channels to a number between -1 and 1.The centerline corresponds to a correlation of 0 while the top edge corresponds to +1 and the bottom to -1.
		The radius from the center is determined by the frequency and the angle is determined by the phase difference between the left and right channels.
		This meter is very useful when recording a musical instrument with multiple microphones to identify the frequency ranges in which phase cancellations are occurring as a result of the comb filter created by the use of multiple mics on a single source.
	www.mhlabs.com /metric_halo/products/foo/sf_features.shtml (1325 words)

	1H-1H COSY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		H COSY (COrrelated SpectroscopY) is useful for determining which signals arise from neighboring protons, especially when the multiplets overlap or there is extensive second order coupling.
		If a homonuclear coupling is resolved in the 1D spectrum, a correlation will appear in the COSY but if no splitting is observed then no correlation is likely.
		The cross-peaks correspond to correlations via three bonds, the most apparent of these is between H1' and H2' at 2.65 and 1.24 ppm.
	drx.ch.huji.ac.il /nmr/techniques/2d/cosy/cosy.html (839 words)

	NIST Phase Noise Measurements Group
		To reduce phase noise over the widest possible range of averaging times, NIST’s Phase Noise Group has adopted a successful strategy of designing synthesizers that are limited by the very low short-term phase fluctuations inherent in regenerative and digital dividers and that use a series of optimized phase-locked loops.
		Correlation of phase deviation to temperature has been suppressed to below the flicker of phase limit.
		The synthesizers now exhibit a temperature coefficient on the order of 0.1 ps/K. This is an important parameter, because variations in phase have an impact on phase changes that occur during dead time in standards.
	tf.nist.gov /timefreq/phase/freqsynth.html (574 words)

	SSRN-Phase Distribution and Phase Correlation of Financial Time Series by Ming-Chya Wu, Ming-Chang Huang, Hai-Chin Yu, ...
		Scaling, phase distribution and phase correlation of financial time series are investigated based on the Dow Jones Industry Average (DJIA) and NASDAQ 10-minute intraday data for a period from Aug. 1 1997 to Dec. 31 2003.
		The returns of the two indices are shown to have nice scaling behaviors and belong to stable distributions according to the criterion of Levy's alpha stable distribution condition.
		The correlation between returns of the two indices probed by the distribution of phase difference indicates there was a remarkable change of trading activities after the event of 911 attack, and this change persisted in later trading activities.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=488804 (354 words)

	The Lunar Phases
		Zodiac correlation: This phase naturally contains Gemini and half of Taurus; thus it is basically easy, yet one must begin to overcome the inertia of laziness and develop ways to function in the world.
		A phase of "building" and action, the individual must project him/herself into the world and survive as an independent being, and develop strength by meeting the challenges of life head-on.
		Zodiac correlation: This phase naturally contains Capricorn and Aquarius; thus it is about beginning to take responsibility for one's immaturity and selfish ambitions, facing some of the sober realities of adulthood, life, and death, and beginning to prepare for a fully spiritual life.
	www.astrologyforthesoul.com /lunarphases.html (1535 words)

	Correlation Analysis - www.dantest.com \| Medical System
		The Correlation Analysis gives the total spectral correlation between the R-R intervals and the amplitude of the plethismographic waves (or between R-R intervals and I-I intervals - inspiration waves).
		It displays the total spectral correlation between ECG and the amplitude of the plethismographic waves.
		Decreased spectral correlation (coherence) is reflective of decreased adaptability towards extreme types of stress.
	www.dantest.com /recorrelation.htm (746 words)

	Human Auditory Cortical Dynamics During Perception of Long Acoustic Sequences: Phase Tracking of Carrier Frequency by ...
		Phase range is expressed as equivalent phase delay in ms; to convert to radians, multiply by (2_
		The grand average correlation contour (thick gray line), and the correlation contour produced by the simulation of phase tracking (see Materials and Methods, thin fl line with error bars) are plotted.
		Each point simultaneously represents (i) the average correlation value of a single correlation contour; (ii) the aSSR energy from that same sensor and run computed via a single minute-long DFT of the MEG signal; and (iii) the phase range computed for that same sensor and run.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/1/35 (7927 words)

	Tektronix: Products > Digital Audio Monitor - 764: Introduction
		A Lissajous display is augmented with a mathematical phase correlation meter.
		The graphical phase display illustrated in Figure 2 is used to assess mono compatibility of the audio material as well as visualizing the stereo image or balance of the material.
		Accurate phase monitoring is assured by the combination of phase display and correlation meter.
	www.tek.com /site/ps/0,,21-07269-INTRO_EN,00.html (2446 words)

	Fast Normalized Cross-Correlation
		Although it is well known that cross correlation can be efficiently implemented in the transform domain, the normalized form of cross correlation preferred for feature matching applications does not have a simple frequency domain expression.
		Textbook presentations of correlation describe the convolution theorem and the attendant possibility of efficiently computing correlation in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform.
		For example, the correlation between the feature and an exactly matching region in the image may be less than the correlation between the feature and a bright spot.
	www.idiom.com /~zilla/Papers/nvisionInterface/nip.html (3204 words)

	dolby 5.1 surround meter phase correlation Dolby Prologic
		If this phase shift is too big, the signals are being deleted during a mono-reproduction process as positive and negative half-waves of the vibrations compensate each other and the mono sum becomes null.
		On the other hand however the rules there always apply for the attention of the phase positions with the pro log IC or Stereo format in the long run also to a 5.1-Mischung, with a later to count automatic Downmix are.
		But the phase relationships between all pairs of channels must be correct, and appropriate correlation announcements, how them offer the PAS Surround meter, are very helpful.
	www.audio-software.com /surround_meter.htm (1536 words)

	[56.10] Phase-Sensitive Holography of Acoustic Moats
		This is already well established by time-distance correlations measured by Duvall et al., and is consistent with earlier measurements of scattering phase shifts of single sunspots by Braun and Fan.
		The important new result which the holographic correlation maps give us is that the seismic perturbation manifested by the acoustic moats is generally quite significant and in large active-region complexes predominant.
		Onto this phase perturbation the major sunspots impose an additional localized contribution of ~~30s.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v31n3/aas194/623.htm (344 words)

	Multiparametric MRI ISODATA Ischemic Lesion Analysis: Correlation With the Clinical Neurological Deficit and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		T2WI) at the acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke.
		for the acute phase and T2WI for the chronic phase.
		correlated with the histological status of the tissue.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/12/2839 (4289 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Such phenomenons which gives rise to certain phase relations of the same type as the frequency relation is called the quadratic phase coupling [5].
		The higher order spectrum preserves phase and is used to extract phase information quantitatively Bicoherence The spectral resolution of the conventional bispectrum is proportional to the length of each segment.
		The absence of strong Quadratic phase coupling in the normal ECG signal proves that it is composed of frequency components, which are uncorrelated harmonically.
	www.ee.iitb.ac.in /uma/~pawan/mypapers/final.doc (1792 words)

	Amazon.com: "phase fluorometer": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A multifrequency phase fluorometer using the harmonic content of a mode-locked laser.
		The true potential of the harmonic response analysis can only be achieved with a multifrequency phase fluorometer, which permits facile selection of modulation frequencies over a wide frequency range (from 105...
		Spencer, R.D. and Weber, G., Measurement of subnanosecond fluorescence lifetimes with a cross- correlation phase fluorometer, Ann.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/phase-fluorometer (569 words)

	Section 2.5: Ultra-short Pulsed Lasers (3)
		Now let’s see what will happen if we let these modes have phase correlation, i.e., if the phases of the modes are locked.
		Solve: Let the average amplitude of these modes be E0, the maximum intensity possible for the random phase is proportional to 100E0 The laser intensity has a repetition rate of T0, pulse is not obvious for random phase* of so many modes.
		The peak intensity for 100modes with same phase is 10000*E0, which is about 100 times of the random case.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/mechanical/mrl/ntm/level3/ch02/html/l3c02s05.html (949 words)

	Power Cycle/Temp Cycle Correlation Phase I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The objective of this project was to develop a model that correlates experimental board level power cycle and temperature cycle solder joint reliability.
		This model will be utilized to predict the reliability of the boards and packages used in this evaluation for a variety of potential field use applications.
		Use this model to approximate field use conditions and correlate temp cycle, power cycle and field use.
	www.hdpug.org /public/6-projects/archived/2000-projects/power-cycling1.htm (289 words)

	[No title]
		The effects of atmospheric seeing and attenuation may be expected to affect holographic images constructed near the solar surface (i.e.
		Our comparison between MDI and GONG+ shown here uses "phase-sensitive" (or phase-correlation) seismic holography, which in this case employs the temporal correlation between the egression and ingression signals with the focal plane set at varying depths below the solar surface.
		The analysis is actually done in the frequency domain, so that the phase of this correlation is equal to the time-lag of the peak of the correlation divided by the temporal frequency.
	www.cora.nwra.com /~dbraun/comp (607 words)

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