Phase shift keying

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	Phase-shift keying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave).
		The demodulator, which is designed specifically for the symbol-set used by the modulator, determines the phase of the received signal and maps it back to the symbol it represents, thus recovering the original data.
		With four phases, QPSK can encode two bits per symbol, shown in the diagram with Gray coding to minimize the BER — twice the rate of BPSK.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phase-shift_keying (3686 words)

	56196.010802&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
		Of particular interest is quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) which, as is well known, doubles the spectral
		Outputs of each of the phase shift keyed modulators are input to a wavelength division multiplexer which combines the phase shift keyed modulated optical outputs of the phase shift keyed modulators for transmission over the optically amplified fiber cable.
		The phase shift keyed coherent transmitter comprises a plurality of phase shift keyed optical modulators that each receive a separate data waveform to be transmitted over the periodically optically amplified fiber cable.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/56196.010802&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5622 words)

	Data Modulation Schemes
		Staggered Quadraphase Shift Keying - Two data channels modulate the carrier as in QPSK but the data channels are offset by 1/2 bit position so the carrier shifts 90 degrees.
		A single bit transition, 1 to 0 or 0 to 1, causes a 180 degree phase shift in the carrier.
		Transitions in the data cause the carrier to shift by either 90 or 180 degrees.
	msp.gsfc.nasa.gov /tdrss/mod.html (229 words)

	Phase Shift Keying
		Phase shift keying is a technique which shifts the period of a wave.
		This technique of letting each shift of a wave represent some bit value is phase shift keying.
		This is the same wave as the first, but its phase has been shifted.
	www.physics.udel.edu /wwwusers/watson/student_projects/scen167/thosguys/psk.html (210 words)

	QPSK - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
		Phase shift keying in which four different phase angles are used.
		Sometimes called quadriphase or quaternary phase shift keying.
	www.mpirical.com /companion/Transmission/QPSKKeying.htm (19 words)

	Gaussian minimum shift keying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gaussian minimum shift keying or GMSK is a kind of continuous phase frequency-shift keying.
		GMSK has high spectral efficiency, but it needs higher power level than for instance Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) to reliably communicate the same amount of data.
		The baseband modulation is generated by starting with a bitstream 0/1 and a bit-clock giving a timeslice for each bit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaussian_minimum_shift_keying (332 words)

	PSK - Phase Shift Keying
		Phase Shift Keying is a technique enabling digital information to be carried over an analogue carrier such as a radio link.
		The process causes the phase of the carrier wave to be manipulated in order to signify either a logical “0” or “1”.
		There are many variations of PSK allowing greater data transfer rates to be achieved.
	www.mpirical.com /companion/Transmission/PSKKeying.htm (57 words)

	Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation
		In other words, the Gaussian minimum shift keying waveform is usually less power-efficient than more traditional waveforms such as binary phase-shift keying and requires a more complex receiver, but this potential reduction in power efficiency and increase in receiver complexity could be rewarded with a very significant enhancement of bandwidth efficiency.
		With Gaussian minimum shift keying, there are no well-defined phase transitions to detect for bit synchronization, and the energy from each bit is mixed with the energy from several other bits.
		With Gaussian minimum shift keying, input bits with rectangular (+1, -1) representation are converted to Gaussian (bell-shaped) pulses by a Gaussian filter before further smoothing by a frequency modulator.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2002/03.html (2366 words)

	PSK Explained.
		This phase shift is zero, meaning the sent signal is the fundamental cosine signal itself, when the sent bit is 0.
		The phase shift is Pi, or 180 degrees, a negative of the original signal, when the sent bit is a 1.
		For binary PSK, BPSK, each individual bit is encoded in a phase shift of an agreed-upon period of the carrier cosine signal.
	www.clemson.edu /sure/2002/blakeb/pskbasics.html (931 words)

	Modulation Basics
		Binary phase-shift keying takes each input bit individually and chooses one of two possible phases to represent that bit value—so for example, to send a "0," a phase of 0 degrees might be chosen, and to send a "1," a phase of 180 degrees might be chosen.
		Gaussian minimum shift keying, the waveform that Aerospace proposed for the Advanced Extremely High Frequency program, is a form of continuous phase modulation.
		This pattern can be extended to a generalized M phase-shift keying signal, and all these waveforms would have the same power spectral density.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2002/03_sidebar2.html (609 words)

	52893.000908&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
		The output 112 of the phase shifter 104 is a
		of the differential encoder is provided to a 0,180 degree phase shifter (mixer) 104, which uses the output data 111 to phase shift the carrier signal produced by the local oscillator 105.
		In this manner a change in phase of the carrier represents a"1"and a change in data bit value, and no change in the phase of the carrier represents a"0"and no change in a data bit value.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/52893.000908&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3142 words)

	Discover Circuits - Phase Shift Keying (PKS) Circuits
		Discover Circuits - Phase Shift Keying (PKS) Circuits
		Digitally Controlled Phase Shift: Altering the phase response of a signal without changing its amplitude characteristics is commonly performed using an all pass filter.
		Phase Shifter Yields Slope Polarity Detection: 03/14/96 EDN-Design Ideas / (added 03/03) The circuit in Figure 1 uses a phase shifter to provide an output signal that represents the polarity of the slope of an analog signal.
	www.discovercircuits.com /P/pks.htm (387 words)

	PSK - Phase-Shift Keying
		A modulation technique in which the phase of the carrier is modulated by the state of the input signal.
		A form of phase modulation of a data signal performed by a modem for transmission over dedicated wire or phone lines.
		PSK is common in wireless systems because of its robustness in the presence of multipath.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/PSK.asp (213 words)

	Phase-shift keying (from telecommunication) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In the simplest form of PSK, as illustrated in Figure 3, a single radio frequency carrier is sent with a fixed phase to represent a 0 and with a 180° phase shift—that is, with the opposite polarity—to represent a 1.
		The three fundamental phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas (vapour), but others are considered to exist, including crystalline, colloidal,...
		Interactive tool to study the relationship between the phases of the Moon, the time of day, and the direction in which the Moon is observed.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-76283 (800 words)

	Quadrature phase-shift keying - FreeEncyclopedia
		Quadrature phase-shift keying is a form of modulation in which a carrier is sent in four phases, 45, 135, 225, and 315 degrees, and the change in phase from one symbol to the next encodes two bits per symbol.
	openproxy.ath.cx /qu/Quadrature_phase-shift_keying.html (39 words)

	Keying Schemes
		Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a technique for switching phases in response to the signal.
		Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) stands for the process of keying between two different frequencies as shown in figure 9.
		In these schemes either the frequency or phase of a carrier signal is keyed in response to patterns of 1s and 0s.
	robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu /~sastry/ee20/modulation/node7.html (209 words)

	Contemporary Report
		DPSK or DEBPSK is used in situations where coherent detection is not possible and the signal phase transitions are used to decode the data.
		Although the concept is exactly the same, here the purpose of Differential Encoding is to enocode the information in terms of phase changes.
		In either case, by the magic of binary numbers, we were able to get the original bit sequence back.
	www.complextoreal.com /diffcod.htm (415 words)

	Optics Express
		The noise statistics of optically demodulated signal of the recently proposed modulation format, namely differential polarization-phase-shift keying, are analyzed.
		Noise statistics of and BER estimation using demodulated signals for direct detection differential polarization-phase-shift keying
		Han and G. Li, "Noise statistics of and BER estimation using demodulated signals for direct detection differential polarization-phase-shift keying," Opt.
	www.opticsexpress.org /abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-7-2761 (328 words)

	Mike Tyson - SAHN Protocol Implementation and Evaluation
		Phase Shift Keying (PSK) involves maintaining a carrier frequency and amplitude, and adjusting the phase in accordance with the data stream (eg.
		Phase Shift Keying (PSK) involves maintaining a carrier frequency and amplitude, and adjusting the phase in accordance with the data stream (Halsall)
		At 5.5 Mbps and 11 Mbps operation, uses Complementary Code Keying (CCK), which applies mathematical formulas to the DSSS codes, enabling them to carry more information.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /~mtyson/materials/notes/0317.html (1427 words)

	Define phase-shift keying - a Whatis.com definition - see also: PSK, PSK31
		Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a method of digital communication in which the phase of a transmitted signal is varied to convey information.
		If there are eight phases (m = 8), the MPSK mode is known as octal phase-shift keying (
		If the phase of the wave changes by 180 degrees -- that is, if the phase reverses -- then the signal state changes (from 0 to 1, or from 1 to 0).
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213937,00.html (438 words)

	Definition: differential phase-shift keying
		differential phase-shift keying (DPSK): Phase-shift keying that is used for digital transmission in which the phase of the carrier is discretely varied (a) in relation to the phase of the immediately preceding signal element and (b) in accordance with the data being transmitted.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_differential_phase-shift_keying.html (80 words)

	Definition: coherent differential phase-shift keying
		coherent differential phase-shift keying (CDPSK): Phase-shift keying (a) that is used for digital transmission, (b) in which the phase of the carrier is discretely modulated in relation to the phase of a reference signal and in accordance with data to be transmitted, and (c) in which the modulated carrier is of constant amplitude and frequency.
		(188) Note: A phase comparison is made of successive pulses, and information is recovered by examining the phase transitions between the carrier and successive pulses rather than by the absolute phases of the pulses.
	www.its.bldrdoc.gov /fs-1037/dir-008/_1059.htm (104 words)

	Phase-shift keying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave).
		In differentially-encoded QPSK, the phase-shifts are 0°, 90°, 180°, -90° corresponding to data '00', '01', '11', '10'.
		The demodulator, which is designed specifically for the symbol-set used by the modulator, determines the phase of the received signal and maps it back to the symbol it represents, thus recovering the original data.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phase-shift_keying (3599 words)

	Patent 5265120: Binary phase shift keying modulation system and/or frequency multiplier
		BPSK modulation seeks to alternate a carrier between a 0 degree phase shift and a 180 degree phase shift, the phase shift of the carrier providing the modulation.
		The BPSK modulation system as set forth in claim 6, further comprising adjustment means for adjusting carrier suppression, said adjustment means including a fixed transformer and a variable tuning capacitor, said fixed transformer in communication with said first and second induction means.
		The BPSK Modulation System of claim 4, wherein there is further included resonator capacitor means in parallel circuit with said first and said second leg outputs of said second induction means, said resonator capacitor transformer coupling means configured to provide band pass filtering for previous stage harmonic suppression.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5265120.html (3599 words)

	Modulation Basics
		Binary phase-shift keying takes each input bit individually and chooses one of two possible phases to represent that bit value—so for example, to send a "0," a phase of 0 degrees might be chosen, and to send a "1," a phase of 180 degrees might be chosen.
		Gaussian minimum shift keying, the waveform that Aerospace proposed for the Advanced Extremely High Frequency program, is a form of continuous phase modulation.
		This pattern can be extended to a generalized M phase-shift keying signal, and all these waveforms would have the same power spectral density.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2002/03_sidebar2.html (3599 words)

	Phase shift keying - Patent Storm
		In a transmitting unit, an input signal is converted into an I data sequence of an in-phase (I) symbol and a Q data sequence of a quadrature (Q) symbol, a differential encoding is performed for the I and Q data sequences according to a differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) modulation to...
		A BPSK encoder is provided with a first circuit which processes a carrier signal and a binary signal to be encoded, and produces an output binary signal having synchronous phase shifts representing a change in the value of the signal to be encoded.
		A method for demodulation of a phase shift keyed signal in which the phase shift keyed signal is converted into a plurality of successive outputs, each of which is representative of a phase and amplitude of the phase shift keyed signal over additional sets of windows and carrier phases.
	www.patentstorm.us /class/375/279-Phase_shift_keying.html (3599 words)

	Phase modulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave.
		Clearly, it could also be viewed as a change to the frequency of the signal and PM can be considered a special case of FM where the carrier frequency modulation is the time derivative of the modulating signal.
		As with other modulation indices, in PM this quantity indicates by how much the modulated variable varies around its unmodulated level.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phase_modulation (3599 words)

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In the News (Fri 25 Dec 09)