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Topic: Phenakistiscope

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	Bizarre Persistence of Vision - Page 1
		Plateau was the first to recognize that the eye and brain required a resting time between images, and also realized that there existed an optimal number of frames per second to produce a moving image (he determined it was 16, which was the standard until the sound era).
		The Phenakistiscope was developed separately at the same time by the German inventor Stampfer; he dubbed it the Stroboscope.
		The zoetrope, or Wheel of Life, takes the Phenakistiscope's principle of using slits to view the image and folds it into a rotating drum.
	bizarrelabs.com /persist.htm (1460 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Plateau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An early stroboscopic device, the 'Phenakistiscope' used a disk with radial slits that he turned while viewing a rotating wheel; when the rotational speed of the disk and the wheel matched exactly, the wheel appeared motionless.
		In 1831, Joseph Plateau and Simon Stampfer constructed a machine called a phenakistiscope which produced an illusion of movement by allowing a viewer to gaze at a rotating disk containing small windows behind which was another disk containing a sequence of images.
		When the disks were rotated at the correct speed, the synchronization of the windows with the images created an animated effect.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/PLATEAU_BIO.html (238 words)

	Exhibition Caermersklooster Gent (Belgium) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The phenakistiscope is also at the heart of the exhibition Professor Maurice Dorikens has compiled and created in the Caermersklooster.
		Thanks to such unique items as Plateau's version of the Bioscope, new light is shed on the history of the development of film, especially regarding the first attempts to show stereo effects in motion.
		This is the first time that all the anorthoscopes and phenakistiscopes in Ghent University's Plateau Collection (48 items) are pictured, together with a selection of 50 outstanding disks, not made by Plateau, from the Cinémathèque Française.
	web.inter.nl.net /users/anima/optical/phena/exhibition.htm (1260 words)

	The Anime Cafe
		In its basic form, a phenakistiscope consists of a sequence of 10 or 12 separate images drawn radially on a flat disk.
		But the real appeal of the show is the discovery that the bizarre, psychedelic qualities often attributed to modern animations are not so modern after all.
		To underline this, the exhibitors recruited several members of the Japanese Animation Association to create phenakistiscope disks especially for this exhibition.
	www.abcb.com /newspaper/2000-01-27_yomiuri.htm (622 words)

	The Monkey's Secret Bunker: Monkey's Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		PHENAKISTISCOPE — device patented in 1832 by Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau as a practical demonstration of his research into the persistence of vision.
		At the heart of the phenakistiscope is a series of sequential images painted on a flat disk.
		PROJECTING PHENAKISTISCOPE — a combination of stroboscopic toys with the magic lantern — a sort of candle-powered slide projector — born of work by Baron Franz von Uchatius begun in 1834.
	www.monkeys-secret-bunker.com /history.html (532 words)

	The great art of light and shadow: archaeology of the cinema
		Although it's still customary to label Edison or Lumiere as the "founding father" and lump everyone else prior into the vague category of cinema "pre-history," Mannoni shows that the intersection of movement, projection, and photographic realism was a far more complex historical process that required a whole series of incremental and interlocking innovations.
		Thanks to Mannoni's research, lesser known figures like the seventeenth century Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens, the nineteenth century designer of the phenakistiscope Joseph Plateau, and the late nineteenth century master projectionist/artist Emile Reynaud take their rightful place as important precursors of cinema.
		Third and perhaps most important, Mannoni understands that the technology of projected moving images is a social practice, not simply a matter of hardware.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /screeningthepast/reviews/rev1201/jabr13a.htm (786 words)

	The Phenakistiscope
		Your task is to design your own animation sheet to be used with a phenakistiscope (a.k.a.
		You will be shown what a phenakistiscope is and how it works.
		phenakistiscope pattern to be used on a provided template.
	ed1.eng.ohio-state.edu /courses/EAW/Files/phen.html (414 words)

	The Phenakistiscope - How to Build (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is suggested that teachers make their own phenakistiscope to demonstrate to their class.
		Students will make templates that can be placed on teachers’ phenakistiscope, and then viewed.
		The templates can then be taped on the teachers’ phenakistiscope to view.
	ed1.eng.ohio-state.edu /courses/EAW/Files/phenproc.html (324 words)

	The Art of Science: Alan 2.0
		A spinning disk or phenakistiscope is a device that produces the illusion of movement (the word means "deceitful view").
		It also uses the persistence of vision to trick the brain into thinking it is seeing motion.
		To view, hold the phenakistiscope up to a mirror at about eye level.
	www.pbs.org /safarchive/4_class/45_pguides/pguide_804/4484_alan.html (850 words)

	Kempa.com: Out-of-Season XMAS Crafts: Vol. 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		I ended up using frames from an old phenakistiscope disc that I found here.
		I divided the CD face up into 12 equal wedges in Illustrator and dropped each frame of the animation into a wedge.
		I ended up with a pretty decent recreation of the Phenakistiscope disc.
	www.kempa.com /blog/archives/000922.html (316 words)

	Kinetic Illusions: rotoreliefs
		Plateau calls his invention the Phenakistiscope ('spindle viewer'), but it is also known under other names as: Fantascope, Phantamascope, Magic Disc or Kaleidorama.
		The Phenakistiscope is a cardboard disc with slots around the edge, and drawings between the slots, and when it is spun on an axle in front of a mirror, the viewer can see through the slots the reflections of the sequence drawings arranged on one side of the disc.
		The eye saw each picture only briefly as it moved opposite to the slot, and the view was then obscured by the disc until the next image was seen through the next slot, and so on.
	www.archimedes-lab.org /page17bTer.html (217 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: von Stampfer, Simon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		He also developed a device based on William Horner's Zoetrope (itself developed from Joseph Plateau's Phenakistiscope) which he called his Magic Drum.
		Holding the device with the figures facing a mirror, the viewer spun the disk and looked through the slots--and the figures reflected in the mirror appeared to move.
		Plateau's device, the phenakistiscope, and Stampfer's, the stroboscope, led to the invention of more elaborate devices using the same principle, such as the zoetrope.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/VON_STAMPFER_BIO.html (274 words)

	100 years of cinema exhibition in Europe - Belgium
		The Fantascope he had developed made magnifying of objects possible, which was obtained by using lighting variations and by moving the chariot on which the device was placed.
		The Phenakistiscope, which was invented and brought to perfection by Joseph Plateau between 1828 and 1832, was a disk fitted with vertical crevices: on the inside of the disk were eight images representing eight successive phases of the same movement.
		Il Phenakistiscope, che fu inventato e perfezionato da Joseph Plateau tra il 1828 e il 1832, era costituito da un disco munito di alcune fessure verticali: all'interno del disco erano inserite otto immagini che rappresentavano otto fasi successive dello stesso movimento.
	www.mediasalles.it /ybkcent/ybk95_b.htm (4631 words)

	Josep Plateau & Simon Stampfer: Early Visual Media - Pre-cinema - Optical toys - Phenakisticope
		The slots in both devices are "windows" to the quickly changing images.
		In the phenakistiscope, the image is seen indirectly via the mirror when the opening is in front of the
		In the zootrope we see the image through a similar slot on the opposite side of the drum.
	users.telenet.be /thomasweynants/opticaltoys-phena.html (800 words)

	Studies in Short Fiction: Motion sickness: spectacle and circulation in Thomas Hardy's "On the Western Circuit."
		While the scene may not have been written with a phenakistiscope specifically in mind, Hardy certainly intended to convey the idea of rushing pictures forming a continuous gestalt.
		The most obvious comparison of roundabout to phenakistiscope here is in its commercial and voyeuristic potential.
		The multitudes of individuals have become, by stepping onto this roundabout, part of its smooth mechanical function.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2455/is_n3_v33/ai_20877863/pg_3 (1191 words)

	History Of Indian Cinema (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Past experiments by Louis Daguerre, Edweard Muybridge, and Etienne-Jules Marey had led to photographic recordings of animals and humans that were able to suggest movement.
		Further, the Thaumatrope, Phenakistiscope, Stroboscope, Zoetrope, Edison's Kinetoscope were all on the scene, but it was the Cinematographe that proved a winner.
		The size, weight (only ten pounds) and compact shape made the Cinematographe a convenient, commercially viable invention that caught the imagination of people worldwide.
	www.indiaheritage.com /perform/cinema/history/history.htm (172 words)

	Monster Essays: Search results for 'american history'
		History of Film Technology Several parlor toys of the early 1800s used visual illusions similar to those of the motion picture.
		These include the thaumatrope (1825); the phenakistiscope (1832...
		In recent years, equipment, lighting, and film have all been improved, but the processes involved remain essentially the same.
	www.monsteressays.com /search.cgi?query=american+history (1062 words)

	The Dead media Project:Working Notes:06.3
		(((Muybridge's Zoopraxiscope was basically a renamed phenakistiscope, according to Robinson.
		Over the next few years however Muybridge produced and published innumerable series of photographs of every kind of human or animal motion.
		In the early 1880's he took the step of re-synthesising (((sic))) his analysis of motion, projecting the short cycles of movement he had recorded by means of a projecting phenakistiscope, which he called a zoopraxiscope." (page 14)
	www.deadmedia.org /notes/6/063.html (734 words)

	Anime News Service - January 24-26 Anime News
		The second part of this exhibiton that's currently on display, "Pictures in Motion--Animations in Japan," focuses on animation techniques of the 1800's, these consist mostly of spinning wheels and optical illusions.
		In 1830's, if one had access to a mirror, it was possible to create vivid animations with a device known as a phenakistiscope.
		A phenakistiscope consists of a sequence of 10 or 12 separate images drawn radially on a flat disk.
	www.animenewsservice.com /archives/jan24.htm (2191 words)

	Hollywoodreporter.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Curtis, lauded for his appearances in such movies as "Some Like it Hot," "Sweet Smell of Success" and "The Defiant Ones," will receive the honor at a ceremony on Oct. 12.
		The award is a replica of the phenakistiscope, a spinning wheel capable of animating pictures, which Belgian inventor Joseph Plateau (1801-1883) created.
		Plateau lived and died in Ghent, where the Flanders festival is held (Oct. 7-18).
	www.hollywoodreporter.com /thr/international/brief_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1986527 (134 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: von Uchatius, Franz
		In 1853, Baron Franz von Uchatius was the first person to project visible moving images on a screen by developing Joseph Plateau's Phenakistiscope.
		He arranged a number of magic lanterns in a semicircle so that they were focused on a wall screen, filled them with drawn diapositives (phase pictures), and moved a torch very rapidly around the semicircle behind them.
		Whereas the Phenakistiscope could be seen by only one person at a time, the Uchatius apparatus could show its projected images to a whole room of spectators.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/VON_UCHATIUS_BIO.html (3202 words)

	Chronomedia: 1830-1834
		Joseph-Antoine Plateau invents the Phenakistiscope, using a slotted disc to create an appearance of continuous motion when spun in front of a series of still images.
		Karl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber build an electric telegraph at Göttingen, Germany.
		Based on the Phenakistiscope but with the images arranged on the inside of a rotating cylinder, it becomes popular as a toy after 1860.
	www.terramedia.co.uk /Chronomedia/years/1830-1834.htm (154 words)

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	Ms. Gould's Science Try It- The Spinning Disc-How Can I Get Credit? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Try them out, then bring them in to show Ms.
		The Spinning Disc is also what is known as a phenakistiscope.
		The Spinning Disc uses a phenomenon known as persistence of vison to make it work.
	www.thinkscience.org /tryits/spindisca.html (183 words)

	PLATEAU - The International Quarterly Bulletin on Animated Film
		This international quarterly bulletin on animated film, is edited by the BAC, Institute for the Animated Image in Brussels, Belgium.
		Our magazine, the title is a reference to the Belgian scientist Joseph Plateau (inventor of the Phenakistiscope), covers filmfestivals, the history of animated film, computer animation and has long articles and interviews devoted to the masters and the new young talents of the animationfilm.
		For more information about our institute or our publication, please contact us at: bac.anima@online.be
	www.awn.com /plateau (143 words)

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