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Topic: Phenanthrene

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As a model degradation of phenanthrene, a PAH consisting of 3 condensed rings, was studied.
		2: Phenanthrene concentration in in- and effluent and concentration of metabolites in effluent
		Phenanthrene being almost water insoluble was fed as a suspension in mineral medium.
	www.boku.ac.at /iam/ifa/mbr.htm (554 words)

	Phenanthrene (CASRN 85-01-8), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Phenanthrene did not yield positive results in sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration assays in mammalian cell cultures (Popescu et al., 1977) or in cell transformation assays in several types of mammalian cells (5-40 ug/mL) (Marquardt and Heidelberger, 1972; Kakunaga, 1973; Evans and DiPaolo, 1975; Pienta et al., 1977).
		The relatively weak mutagenic and tumorigenic activity of phenanthrene diol epoxides is inconsistent with the "bay region theory" of PAH carcinogenesis.
		Phenanthrene epoxides have a relatively small molecular size (relative to other more active PAH epoxides such as chrysene diol epoxides) and as a result may have a lower affinity for DNA or may be transported less efficiently into the mammalian nucleus (Wood et al., 1979).
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0459.htm (2296 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phenanthrene is almost insoluble in water (1©1.6 mg/L), but is soluble in glacial acetic acid and a number of organic solvents including ethanol, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, and toluene (Budavari et al., 1989).
		The 9©10©, 1,2©, and 3,4©dihydrodiols of phenanthrene were identified unaltered or as glucuronic acid conjugates in the urine of rats and rabbits administered intraperitoneal injections of phenanthrene (Boyland and Sims, 1962; Boyland and Wolf, 1950).
		Metabolism of chrysene and phenanthrene to bay©region diol epoxides by rat liver enzymes.
	risk.lsd.ornl.gov /tox/profiles/phenanthrene.doc (2561 words)

	Phenanthrene -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phenanthrene is a (Click link for more info and facts about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused (A colorless liquid hydrocarbon; highly inflammable; carcinogenic; the simplest of the aromatic compounds) benzene rings--as the above formula shows.
		Phenanthrene has five (Click link for more info and facts about resonance structure) resonance structures, given below.
		Reactions of phenanthrene typically occur at the 9 and 10 positions.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Ph/Phenanthrene.htm (68 words)

	Phenanthrene (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 32, 1983) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phenanthrene was tested for carcinogenicity in two fragmentary studies in mice by skin painting and no skin tumour was reported.
		In the six studies in which phenanthrene was tested in the mouse-skin initiation-promotion assay, it was active as an initiator in one study, inactive as an initiator in four others, and inactive as a promoter in one study.
		Phenanthrene has generally been reported to be non-mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium; however, in one study it was reported to be mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of a high concentration of an exogenous metabolic system.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol32/phenanthrene.html (307 words)

	PHENANTHRENE - LoveToKnow Article on PHENANTHRENE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is nitrated by nitric acid and sulphonated by sulphuric acid.
		With picric acid it forms a sparingly soluble picrate, which melts at 145 C. On the condition of phenanthrene in alcoholic solution see R. Behrend, Zeit.
		Phenanthrene-quinone, tC6H4I2~CO]2, crystallizes in orange needles which melt at 1980 C. It possesses the characteristic properties of a diketone, forming crystalline derivatives with sodium bisulphite and a dioxime with hydroxylamine.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHENANTHRENE.htm (232 words)

	Anthracene production from phenanthrene - Patent 4384152
		Phenanthrene is hydrogenated at a nickel on a carrier catalyst at temperatures from about 140.degree.
		Phenanthrene and anthracene are generally obtained from bituminous coal tar containing about five weight percent of phenanthrene and from about 1.2 to 1.4 weight percent of anthracene.
		In accordance with the invention, the phenanthrene is hydrogenated to sym.-octahydrophenanthrene in fact at a nickel catalyst, however at a lower temperature and at a lower pressures and without the addition of a solvent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4384152.html (3551 words)

	Environmental Dynamics and Simulation - A Spectroscopic Study of Phenanthrene Adsorption on Porous Silica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The spectral characteristics of monomeric phenanthrene spectra recorded for dilute phenanthrene solutions are distinctively different from those of phenanthrene solid as demonstrated in Figure 3.1A and 3.1B.
		Spectral comparison indicates that the spectra of phenanthrene sorbed on PNNL silica particles at all loading levels and on Davisil silica particles below 2.3 mg/g (phenanthrene/silica) loading levels (Figure 3.1C) are identical to the spectra of the monomers.
		This indicates that sorption of phenanthrene monomers occurs in the 20 Å micro-pores of the PNNL silica particles.
	www.emsl.pnl.gov /docs/eds/annual_report1999/1627b-3a.html (1130 words)

	Phenanthrene (fungal 9S,10S) Degradation Pathway
		Phenanthrene has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms,gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish.
		Both phenanthrene and PQ could be mineralized to similar extents by this kind of fungus.
		For reaction G, it is likely that some DPA formed from phenanthrene and PQ was further degraded, but it remains uncertain whether DPA is an obligatory intermediate in phenanthrene.
	umbbd.ahc.umn.edu /pha2/pha2_map.html (427 words)

	Biodegradation of Sorbed Chemicals in Soil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Aging of phenanthrene residues in soil led to a substantial reduction in the rate of biodegradation compared to biodegradation rates of recently added phenanthrene.
		A low concentration was selected to minimize the inþuence of growth on phenanthrene biodegradation kinetics, and high organic matter soils were selected to ensure substantial sorption of the chemical.
		The rate of biodegradation of phenanthrene by a pure culture of Arthrobacter oxidans incubated in sterile soil under unsaturated conditions was substantially reduced relative to the rate in freshly amended soil, regardless of whether incubations were done under saturated conditions or in soil suspensions (Figure 3).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1995/Suppl-5/scow-full.html (2257 words)

	The Effect of Biosurfactants on the Fate and Transport of Nonpolar Organic Contaminants in Porous Media
		Desorption of phenanthrene from pre-equilibrated soils reacted for various times (in the range of 24 hours to several months) will be assessed using a batch desorption method.
		In one experiment in which phenanthrene was pre-incubated with the solid phase, SDS micelles were effective in recovering sorbed phenanthrene.
		Modeling of the phase partitioning of the phenanthrene in the soil-surfactant-water system showed that reductions in the equilibrium aqueous phase phenanthrene concentration due to sorption and micellization were insufficient to explain the observed inhibition in mineralization.
	ag.udel.edu /dwrc/publications/dwrc.report2.htm (9601 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phenanthrene, a 3-ring aromatic hydrocarbon, was used as a model substrate to analyze the effect of sorption on the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
		Batch sorption analyses of phenanthrene to mineral-HA complexes were performed as integral part of the bioavailability experiments to account for the sorbed fraction under the various experimental conditions.
		Phenanthrene mineralization was substantially enhanced upon sorption to mineral-HA complexes and the degree of enhancement was positively correlated with the fraction of sorbed phenanthrene.
	www.dzumenvis.nic.in /AbstractII/VolumeII/Bioavailability.htm (166 words)

	Adsorption of Phenanthrene on Kaolinite Clay
		Abstract The adsorption of phenanthrene by kaolinite clay was investigated in batch reactors at a liquid-to- solid ratio of 5.
		The supernatant was analyzed for phenanthrene concentration using a UV spectrophotometer at 248 nm.
		The increase in phenanthrene solubilization was caused by the incorporation of phenanthrene molecules into the micelles.
	gem1.cive.uh.edu /content/cigmina98/poster10.html (757 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Deshmukh, Ashish
		Rubbery amorphous polymethylenic components have a higher affinity for phenanthrene, and glassy polymethylenic components have the ability to retain phenanthrene over time, which is related to the mobility of the carbon chains.
		Phenanthrene shows a high degree of mobility when sorbed to a rubbery amorphous biopolymer like tomato cutin in which the polymethylenic chains have a high degree of molecular mobility.
		On the other hand, there are constraints on the molecular motion of phenanthrene when it is sorbed to glassy, semi-crystalline biopolymers, such as Agave cutan and potato suberin.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?osu1054564060 (760 words)

	Phenanthrene derivatives - Patent 5192817
		A phenanthrene derivative or a salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula (1), the group of the formula -A.
		The thus obtained phenanthrene derivatives and salts thereof according to the present invention have an inhibitory activity for IL-1 and are useful as an IL-1 inhibitor.
		The amount of the phenanthrene derivative(s) and salt(s) thereof according to the present invention, to be included as active ingredient(s) in each of the above pharmaceutical compositions is not particularly restricted and can be appropriately selected from a wide range, but desirably is generally about 1-70% by weight, preferably about 1-30% by weight.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5192817.html (6364 words)

	Phenanthrene (fungal 9R,10R) Degradation Pathway
		In general, bacteria that utilize phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy oxidize it via a dioxygenase primarily in the "bay-region" to form a phenanthrene cis-dihydrodiol.
		The fungi are known to biotransform phenanthrene to trans-dihydrodiol metabolites that are generally the mirror images of the corresponding trans-dihydrodiols obtained from rat liver microsomes.
		Although the 1,2-, 3,4-position ("bay-region") of phenanthrene is the main site of enzymatic attack, fungi are also able to transform phenanthrene at the 9,10-position ("K-region"), which is a major site of mammalian enzymatic attack.
	www.labmed.umn.edu /pha3/pha3_map.html (566 words)

	Phenanthrene and Benzyl-Isoquinoline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The fundamental structures of Isoquinoline, Benzyl-Isoquinoline and Phenanthrene.
		The alkaloids of opium are conventionally divided into two distinct chemical classes, phenanthrene derivatives and benzyl-isoquinoline derivatives.
		These phenanthrene alkaloids in opium are derived biosynthetically from benzyl-isoquinoline intermediates.
	www.friedli.com /herbs/phytochem/alkaloids/phenanthrene.html (65 words)

	ผลงานวิจัยของคณาจารย์ในภาควิชาฯ ปี 2543 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cometabolic oxidation of phenanthrene to phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol by
		Metabolism of phenanthrene during growth on anthracene as sole carbon source results in the accmulation of traces of a dihydrodiol metabolite in the growth medium, which, by comparison with authentic standards, has been tentatively identified as phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol.
		However, addition of further phenanthrene to the anthracene growth medium increased the level of phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol formed.
	www.champa.kku.ac.th /micro/sauwanit.htm (650 words)

	Toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. II. Effect of NO2-nitrated phenanthrene and pyrene on blood chemistry in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phenanthrene produced a significant elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels relative to DMSO-injected rats 24 hr after injection.
		Both pyrene and phenanthrene form nitrated products that are more toxic than the parent PAH, but the nitrated products of phenanthrene appear to be more toxic than the nitration products of pyrene.
		Nitrated products of phenanthrene produced a significant elevation of serum AST, ALT, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and GGTP levels when compared with groups treated with DMSO and phenanthrene 24 hr after injection.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/5741922.html (268 words)

	Influence of Biosurfactant and Non-Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria on Phenanthrene Removal from Model Soils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		phenanthrene) may occur in the environment as a result of fossil fuel combustion or as by-products from industrial processes, or from natural processes such as forest fires.
		Results indicate that phenanthrene initially adsorbed to PTFE particles can be biotransformed by biosurfactant and non-biosurfactant producing bacteria.
		The effects of adsorption and desorption on phenanthrene biotransformation was also determined through a bioavailability model.
	www.erc.montana.edu /Res-Lib99-SW/pubs/Theses/1999/Thesis99_Eyre.htm (345 words)

	Malloy, Lashawn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Since Naphthalene and Phenanthrene are pollutants created from the industry, this project will determine how efficient the ICS is in moving their traces.
		Although 50% of the Phenanthrene concentration was removed in 1 day the ICS removed 90% of the Naphthalene concentration in the same amount of time.
		In preparing the Phenanthrene setup the basic outline of the steps and instruments used are the same.
	cities.poly.edu /hsout/summer/sum00/MalloyLashawn.html (1843 words)

	How Far is the π-Electron Delocalization of the Phenanthrene Moiety Modified in the Aza-Analogues and Their ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The π-electron structure of phenanthrene is well described by the Clar’s aromatic sextet rule,[7] which predicts two terminal rings as aromatic, and the central one as substantially less aromatic.
		In the phenanthrene the variation of bond lengths ranges between 1.338 to 1.454 Å for the central fragment and between 1.345 and 1.416 Å[22] for the outer ones.
		Despite of the substantial perturbations of phenanthrene moiety by the replacement of one or two CH units by nitrogen atom and/or N-oxide groups, the π-electron delocalization is usually changed only moderately.
	www.arkat-usa.org /ark/journal/2004/I03_Makosza/MM-893G/MM-893.asp (3409 words)

	Impact of Methylene Chloride on Microorganisms and Phenanthrene Mineralization in Soil -- Schwartz et al. 31 (1): 144 ...
		The phenanthrene was labeled on the inner ring at the C-9 position.
		subsamples spiked with phenanthrene in 25 µL/g of solvent.
		with phenanthrene in 1 or 5 µL/g methylene chloride (Fig.
	jeq.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/31/1/144 (3060 words)

	RAIS: Phenanthrene (85-01-8) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that can be derived from coal tar.
		A single oral dose of phenanthrene did not induce mammary tumors in rats (Huggins and Yang, 1962) and a single subcutaneous injection did not result in treatment-related increases in tumor incidence in mice (Steiner, 1955).
		Phenanthrene was also tested in several mouse skin initiation-promotion assays.
	risk.lsd.ornl.gov /tox/profiles/phenanthrene_c_V1.shtml (381 words)

	Water Science and Technology 30:7 (1994) 23-30 - Stefan J. Grimberg et al. - The influence of a surfactant on the rate ...
		The influence of a surfactant on the rate of dissolution of phenanthrene, a model PAH, was determined in this study.
		Phenanthrene dissolution kinetics depended on the observed mass transfer coefficient and the apparent saturation concentration, both of which depended on surfactant concentration.
		A simple two-step mass transfer model was developed to describe the relationship between dissolution rate and surfactant concentration.
	www.iwaponline.com /wst/03007/wst030070023.htm (242 words)

	Linking of Microorganisms to Phenanthrene Metabolism in Soil by Analysis of 13C-Labeled Cell Lipids -- Johnsen et al. ...
		of phenanthrene degraders in a soil extract was determined by
		Phenanthrene mineralization was estimated by using the recovery of
		Estimates of the populations of the culturable heterotrophic bacteria (CFU) and the phenanthrene- degrading bacteria (MPN) in the four soils examined
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/12/6106 (4458 words)

	NFI søk: litteratur: Studies on the effect of soil aging on the toxicity of pyrene and phenanthrene to a soil ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NFI søk: litteratur: Studies on the effect of soil aging on the toxicity of pyrene and phenanthrene to a soil dwelling springtail
		Studies on the effect of soil aging on the toxicity of pyrene and phenanthrene to a soil dwelling springtail
		Sverdrup, Line Emilie et al: Studies on the effect of soil aging on the toxicity of pyrene and phenanthrene to a soil dwelling springtail.
	dbh.nsd.uib.no /nfi/litteratur/?key=413104 (110 words)

	Enhanced Phenanthrene Biodegradation in Soil by Slender Oat Root Exudates and Root Debris -- Miya and Firestone 30 (6): ...
		Phenanthrene biodegradation was most rapid in the combined debris
		The impacts of the debris and exudate amendments on phenanthrene
		phenanthrene degraders does not appear to be a long-term rhizosphere
	jeq.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/6/1911 (4266 words)

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