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Topic: Phengodidae

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	Phengodidae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The beetle family Phengodidae is known also as glowworm beetles or glowworms.
		Larval and larviform female glowworms are predators, feeding on millipedes and other arthropods occurring in soil and litter.
		It also apparently includes the family Telegeusidae, which are only differentiated from phengodids by the unusual modifications of their mouthparts (thus, it appears that Phengodidae is paraphyletic if telegeusids are treated as a family).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phengodidae (256 words)

	Florida Entomologist, v. 84, n. 4, p. 565
		The phylogenetic positions of the luminous cantharoid families [Omalisidae, Rhagophthalmidae and Phengodidae] in relation to Lampyridae are discussed, as well as the implications of the evolution of bioluminescence and photic signaling in this group of beetles.
		The family Phengodidae is composed of bioluminescent species that commonly resemble fireflies in their general appearance and are usually also found to be sympatric with many firefly species.
		While some researchers have previously hypothesized that the families Lampyridae and Phengodidae were close relatives and shared the charismatic ability to produce bioluminescent signals, these two families are perhaps more interesting than previously thought because they are not closely related and their bioluminescence is convergent.
	www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe84p565.html (5146 words)

	Elateriformia (Coleoptera) - PHENGODIDAE
		Phengodidae are distributed throughout the New World from extreme southern Canada to Chile.
		Larval and female Phengodidae are predators, feeding on millipedes and other arthropods occurring in soil and litter.
		aus Kolumbien, mit einer Beschreibung einer neuen tribus Penicillophorini der Phengodidae (Col., Polyphaga, Cantharoidea).
	delta-intkey.com /elateria/www/phen.htm (1949 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		There is, however, one group of predators, the larvae of beetles of the family Phengodidae, that feeds on millipedes as a matter of routine.
		Adult female glowworms (beetles of the family Phengodidae) retain their larval form and can be mistaken for millipedes.
		PHENGODIDAE Phengodinae Phengodini Phengodes fusciceps LeConte (2,3) P. laticollis LeConte (1) P. plumosa (Olivier) (1) 1.
	mv.lycaeum.org /anagrams/glow_worms.html (1625 words)

	glow-worms, railroad-worms
		These photic organs are not of larval origin and appear to be used in pair formation in these few species.
		Through a modern phylogenetic analysis of the cantharoid taxa (those including Phengodidae and their closest relatives) Branham and Wenzel (2001) not only hypothesize that phengodids and fireflies are not each others closest relatives, but that bioluminescence arose twice and was lost once in this lineage of beetles.
		Phengodids and fireflies (family Lampyridae) have traditionally been thought to be each others closest relative, mainly due to the fact both families are bioluminescent.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /misc/beetles/glow-worms.htm (1522 words)

	Phengodidae - Glosario - Insectos de Argentina y el Mundo
		En la familia Phengodidae se incluyen muchas formas neotropicales con élitros cortos, inseciones antenales ampliamente separadas, mandíbulas falcadas (en forma de gancho) y antenas que generalmente son de 12 segmentos y bipectinadas o biplumosas.
		Los Phengodidae son predadores en su foma larval y femenina, alimentándose de miriápodos y otros artrópodos del suelo y la hojarasca.
		Los machos pueden ser luminescentes; las hembras y las larvas tienen una serie de órganos luminiscentes en los segmentos del tronco, con los que emiten luz amarilla o verde, y algunas veces un órgano adicional en la cabeza con el que emiten luz roja.
	axxon.com.ar /mus/glos/g-phengodidae.htm (169 words)

	BL Web: Vadim Viviani
		My research focuses on the bioluminescent system of beetles, emphasizing the biochemical origin, evolution and functions of their luciferases.
		The main models of my investigations are the beautiful railroad-worms (Phengodidae), which produce different colors of light ranging from the green to the red region of the spectrum, fireflies (Lampyridae) and click-beetles (Elateridae).
		Discovery of 3 new species of Brazilian railroad-worms (Phengodidae) described as Phrixothrix vivianii, Euryopa laurae and Euryopa clarindae.
	www.lifesci.ucsb.edu /~biolum/forum/vviviani2.html (151 words)

	Re: Nothern CA bugs that glow in the dark?
		These beetles are commonly known as glow worms; however, the term glow worm is applied to a number of different families, so it is best to note down the family phengodidae of which I believe this insect is a member.
		Phengodidae to see if what you have is a phengodid glow worm.
		I am basing my guess on the your comments that it glows generally from all over its body and the size, and also your location.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/2000-07/963202357.Zo.r.html (140 words)

	BugInfo.com \| Information on All Your Household Bugs and Pests
		They are in a family of beetles given the scientific name of Lampyridae, probably pretty appropriate, since it starts off with the word "lamp".
		Lightning beetles are in a different, but related, family called the Phengodidae, and it is not the adult-looking beetles that actually light up, but the larvae and the females.
		In both groups of beetles the adults are very soft bodied, not like many of the beetles you might find crawling around your garden that have very hard wing covers that provide them with protection.
	www.buginfo.com /articles/firefly.cfm (1800 words)

	eNature: Ask an Expert
		Location is Bedford County, VA, in an environment which I would describe as "disturbed rural"; critter was at the edge of a dirt road on land which was clearcut a few years ago but is now reverting to wilderness (has many small locust, tulip, and pine trees interspersed with flberries, strawberries, vines, and assorted wildflowers).
		The larvae of several beetle families, including Lampyridae (fireflies) and Phengodidae (glowworms), are luminescent.
		Your find sounds like the latter to me. Photos can be viewed at the link below.
	www.enature.com /expert/expert_show_question.asp?questionID=22331 (190 words)

	Fireflies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The larvae that hatch from the eggs are carnivorous.
		The larvae of some species glow, and are called glowwoms (but so are some wingless female fireflies and the larvae of another closely related beetle family, the Phengodidae).
		The larvae overwinter in the soil, then pupate the following spring and eventually emerge as fireflies.
	hort.wisc.edu /mastergardener/Features/insects/fireflies/fireflies.htm (482 words)

	“Rhagophthalmidae or Phengodidae - rhagophthalmids and their larviform females.” (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Wednesday, 17 November 2004 - 10:00 AM This presentation is part of: Ten-Minute Papers, Section A. Systematics, Morphology, and Evolution
		Marc Branham, University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Natural Area Drive, P.O. Box 110620, Gainesville, FL The family Phengodidae has been classified into two subfamilies.
		In addition, comparisons are made between both the larviform females and larvae of these two subfamilies.
	esa.confex.com /esa/2004/techprogram/paper_17560.htm (204 words)

	What are Fireflies? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		All known firefly larvae are bioluminescent, as are firefly eggs.
		There are some related beetle families that have bioluminescent members, such as click beetles (Elateridae), phenogdid beetles (Phengodidae), and several other very small families.
		How do fireflies communicate to their mates and prey?
	whalonlab.msu.edu /Student_Webpages/Firefly/whatfirefly.html (145 words)

	Fun & Games - Bug Facts - Firefly
		They can't be "flies" as their name suggests, since "flies" are members of the Fly Order.
		Glow-worms, which produce light similar to Lightning Bugs', also are beetles, but they belong to a different, though closely related, family, the Phengodidae.
		Flashing Lightning Bugs are trying to attract mates.
	www.butterfliesnbugs.com /fun_bugfacts_firefly1.html (450 words)

	Elateroidea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Click on an image to view larger version and data in a new window
		]Artematopodidae" title="Artematopodidae"> ]Brachypsectridae" title="Brachypsectridae"> ]Omethidae" title="Omethidae"> ]Phengodidae" title="Phengodidae"> ]Telegeusidae" title="Telegeusidae">
		This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
	tolweb.org /Elateroidea/9084 (309 words)

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