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Topic: Phenol

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	an introduction to phenol
		Phenol is the simplest member of a family of compounds in which an -OH group is attached directly to a benzene ring.
		Phenol itself is the only one of the family that you are likely to need to know about for UK A level purposes.
		Phenol is somewhat soluble in water because of its ability to form hydrogen bonds with the water.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /organicprops/phenol/background.html (593 words)

	Phenol
		On exposure to air and light, phenol assumes a pinkish or reddish discoloration; this discoloration is accelerated by the presence of alkalinity or impurities.
		Phenol may act as a nonspecific irritant to promote the development of tumors when it is repeatedly applied in large amounts to the skin [Hathaway et al.
		Chronic phenol poisoning is characterized by systemic disorders such as digestive disturbances, nervous system effects, and possibly by skin discoloration and eruptions; the prognosis is grave when there is extensive damage to the liver and kidneys [Parmeggiani 1983].
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/healthguidelines/phenol/recognition.html (4471 words)

	INEOS Phenol
		Phenol was isolated for the first time from coal tar, in 1834.
		With phenol extracted from coal tar, it took an extreme effort to meet even a 99.6% purity.
		In the manufacturing process for phenol and acetone, it is possible to isolate two by-products, alphamethylstyrene and acetophenone.
	www.ineosphenol.com /products.htm (341 words)

	Phenol \| Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site \| US EPA
		Phenol is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes in humans after acute (short-term) inhalation or dermal exposures.
		Phenol can be detected in urine; this test can be used to determine whether a person has recently been exposed to phenol or to substances that are changed to phenol in the body.
		Phenol is a colorless or white solid when it is pure; however, it is usually sold and used as a liquid.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/phenol.html (1367 words)

	Phenol, What is Phenol? About its Science, Chemistry and Structure
		Phenol is found naturally in decaying dead organic matter like rotting vegetables and in coal.
		Its melting point is 41° C and its boiling point is182° C. Phenol has a sweet odour that is detectable at 0.06 PPM, which enables it to be used in an air freshener.
		Another use for phenol includes an intermediate stage in the process of producing caprolactam, which is used in nylon and many other man-made fibres.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=100 (348 words)

	Phenol Peel - Deep Chemical Peels Information
		Phenol peels are not appropriate for women with olive, brown, or fl skin, as they will cause permanent disfigurement.
		Phenol peels have the most profound effect on wrinkles and are used successfully in properly chosen patients.
		Due to the lengthy recovery and permanent pallor, phenol chemical peels are one of the least commonly employed treatments for wrinkled and sun damaged skin.
	www.infoplasticsurgery.com /facial/peels/phenolpeel.html (705 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Phenol
		Phenol is used primarily in the production of phenolic resins and in the manufacture of nylon and other synthetic fibers.
		Exposure to high concentrations of phenol in the air for several weeks caused paralysis and severe injury to the heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs, and in some cases, death.
		Phenol has caused minor birth defects and low birth weight in animals generally at exposure levels that also were toxic to the pregnant mothers.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts115.html (1206 words)

	Phenol [factsheet]
		* Phenol can be detected in urine; this test can be used to determine whether a person has recently been exposed to phenol or to substances that are changed to phenol in the body.
		* Phenol is considered to be very toxic to humans through oral exposure, with ingestion of 1 g reported to be lethal, with symptoms including muscle weakness and tremors, loss of coordination, paralysis, convulsions, coma, and respiratory arrest.
		In one study, muscle pain, weakness, enlarged liver and elevated levels of liver enzymes were found in an individual after inhalation and dermal exposure to phenol and a few other chemicals.
	www.lakes-environmental.com /toxic/PHENOL.HTML (1167 words)

	INEOS Phenol
		INEOS Phenol to invest in 400,000 t phenol acetone plant in China
		Phenol Antwerp Plant at full capacity again since 1st May
		Phenol, a Product that Touches Everyone, to be Produced in Alabama
	www.ineosphenol.com /news.asp (249 words)

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