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Topic: Phenol formaldehyde resin

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	Process for producing hydrocarbon-phenol-formaldehyde resin - Patent 4187369
		Synthesis of hydrocarbon-phenol-formaldehyde resins is performed periodically by condensation of said eutectic mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst, i.e.
		C., phenol and formaldehyde at a weight ratio of said components of 1:3-4:1-1.2 respectively, in the presence of an acidic catalyst and at a supply rate of a mixture of said components of from 500 to 550 g/hr.
		The resin is further dried in a tubular reactor or a mixing reactor at a temperature of 160.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4187369.html (1484 words)

	Phenol-formaldehyde resin for foundry applications - Patent 4055528
		A problem associated with the use of these phenol-formaldehyde resins is, however, the emission of formaldehyde fumes during the mixing of sand with the resin binder and catalyst, during the curing process, and subsequently during the casting operation, due to the presence of free or uncombined formaldehyde in the resin.
		Briefly stated, this invention in one aspect is a method for forming a phenolic resin for foundry use comprising heating phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in a mole ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of between 1.05 and 1.5; maintaining the reaction temperature at between 74.degree.
		The mole ratio of formaldehyde to phenol was 1.2 to 1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4055528.html (2019 words)

	Phenol Formaldehyde resin
		Acid catalysed phenol formaldehyde resins are made with a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of less than one and are called novolacs.
		Phenol, formaldehyde, water and catalyst are mixed in the desired amount, depending on the resin to be formed, and are then heated.
		Formaldehyde in solution does not exist as the aldhehyde, but instead a dynamic equilibrium is formed creating a range of methylene glycol oligomers, and the concentration of the reactive form of formaldehyde depends on the exact conditions (temperature, pH) under which the reaction occurs.
	www.advancedpcb.com /pfr.html (663 words)

	Insulation product in particular thermal containing a binder based on phenol-formaldehyde resin and method for making ...
		According to the invention, the free phenol content of the resol before the addition of urea is less than or equal to 2.5% by weight of phenol with respect to the dry weight of resin, for a resol having a solids content of around 35 to 45%.
		A phenol-formaldehyde resin was prepared by introducing 100 kg of phenol and 241 kg of formaldehyde in a 37% aqueous solution into a reactor, with stirring maintained throughout the manufacturing cycle, and the temperature in the reactor was raised to 45° C. The formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio was 2.8.
		A phenol-formaldehyde resin was prepared by introducing 100 kg of phenol and 276 kg of formaldehyde in a 37% aqueous solution into a reactor, with stirring maintained throughout the manufacturing cycle, and the temperature in the reactor was raised to 45° C. The formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio was 3.2.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6893579.html (3481 words)

	Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin
		After a few minutes, the solution becomes cloudy and the red solid phenol-formaldehyde copolymer forms.
		The polymerization occurs by electrophilic aromatic substitution between the ortho and para positions of phenol and protonated formaldehyde.
		The resulting polymer is made by methylene bridges between phenol molecules.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA5/MAIN/1ORGANIC/ORG16/TRAM16/A/0530813/MOVIE.HTM (119 words)

	Phenolic Resins Modified Powder, Phenolic Resins Modified Powder Manufacturer, Phenolic Resins Modified Powder Supplier ...
		Phenol is derived from the partial oxidation of benzene or benzoic acid, by the cumene process or it can also be found as a product of coal oxidation.
		Phenolic Moulding Materials which is most commonly known as Bakelite Moulding Powder or phenolic moulding compound or phenol formaldehyde moulding powder or thermosetting moulding powder or plastic moulding powder or phenolic moulding powder is produced in various of commercial grades and with various additives to meet diverse mechanical, electrical and thermal requirements.
		Phenolic resin can include any of various synthetic thermosetting resins, obtained by the reaction of phenols with simple aldehydes and used to make molded products, including pool and snooker balls, and as coatings and adhesives.
	www.amityindia.com /faq.html (534 words)

	Foundries (Site not responding. Last check: )
		New sand may be mixed with resin at the foundry, or resin-coated sand may be shipped in bags for addition to the coremaking machine.
		Phenol- or urea-formaldehyde resin contact with the skin or eyes must be prevented because the resins are irritants or sensitizers and can cause dermatitis.
		The catalysts for the phenol and oil isocyanate resins are usually aromatic amines based on pyridine compounds, which are liquids with a pungent smell.
	www.ilo.org /encyclopaedia/?doc&nd=857200678&nh=0&ssect=3 (1592 words)

	Phenolic Newsletter
		Resins that are produced by employing an alkaline catalyst and that are reacted with sufficient formaldehyde to completely cure are referred to as single-stage resins or resole resins.
		Phenolics are the resin of choice due to their high temperature performance properties and cost-competitive nature.
		Phenolic resin (either the novolac or resole type) is combined with 50-60% fillers, reinforcements, pigments, and additives to produce phenolic molding compounds.
	www.phenolics.org /products/PhenolicNL.htm (1547 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5578371 - Phenol/formaldehyde fiberglass binder compositions exhibiting reduced emissions - November 26, ...
		The phenol/formaldehyde resins utilized in the subject binders are preferably prepared conventionally, i.e., under basic conditions using an excess of formaldehyde to produce a water reducible resin containing little unreacted phenol, but a substantial excess of formaldehyde.
		To reduce excess formaldehyde in the phenol/formaldehyde resin, traditional amino-group containing formaldehyde scavengers alone or in conjunction with other formaldehyde scavengers such as polyacrylic acid or mixtures of polyacrylic acid or other polycarboxylic acids with a polyol or polyhydroxypolymer such as glycerine, polyglycerol, polyvinylalcohol, and the like, may be used.
		In general, the formaldehyde content of the resin is adjusted such that from 10 to about 50 parts by weight, preferably 20 parts by weight to 40 parts by weight of urea or other nitrogenous scavenger are used for each 100 parts by weight of total resin solids.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5578371.html (4077 words)

	OTC Employees and Formaldehyde Exposure: Industrial Indiscipline or Corporate Irresponsibility
		In a typical one-stage resin, an excess of formaldehyde (typically a solution in water) is reacted with phenol in the presence of an alkaline (base) catalyst (e.g.
		Formaldehyde is manufactured by oxidizing methanol (an alcohol) with air in the presence of a metal catalyst at very high temperatures (in the range of 400-650 degrees Celsius).
		Formaldehyde is not used as a catalyst, a preservative or just an additive in the synthesis and/or formulation of these adhesives; which would require that it be used in "minute percentage." Formaldehyde is a constitutive part of the resin, and the chemistry requires its use in excess to obtain the desired properties.
	www.theperspective.org /formaldehyde.html (3136 words)

	KC Panels - Technical Bulletin 013
		The "active ingredient" in phenolic adhesives used in structural panels is a phenol formaldehyde resin, usually supplied to the mills in a water solution.
		The resins consist of phenol formaldehyde polymers (large molecules) of various molecular weights which are made by reacting measured amounts of phenol and formaldehyde under carefully controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, and rate of chemical addition.
		Formaldehyde is present naturally at rather high levels in many foods, including apples and onions; and it is even a natural "chemical building block" in the human body.
	www.kcpanels.com /TB013.htm (1536 words)

	Phenolic resin compounds (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The standard phenolic resins used to treat filter paper have a disadvantage in that the number of folding or corrugating operations involved in the manufacture causes the filter material to be brittle and crack.
		The phenolic ester fatty acid-modified phenol-aldehyde resin compositions of this invention are characterized by being internally plasticized, having more linear chains, limited branching and a lowered cross-linking index which results in increased resin flexibility in increased flex fatique resistance and in moisture resistance.
		The resins of this invention are useful for imparting the improved characteristics to any porous sheet material (organic, inorganic or mixtures thereof) having pores extending from surface to surface.
	www.stickebana.com /scitech/workpiece_manipulation_system/phenolic_resin_compounds.html (2860 words)

	Formaldehyde (HSG 57, 1991)
		The release of formaldehyde into workplace atmospheres should be prevented during filling or emptying operations, for example, by the use of the gas pendulum method or suitable suction devices, and the introduction of formaldehyde via ports.
		Formaldehyde is toxic for several aquatic organisms, but its ready biodegradability, low bioaccumulation, and the ability of organisms to metabolize it indicate that the impact of formaldehyde on the aquatic environment is limited, except in the case of major pollution.
		Formaldehyde is included in Class 1, in which the air emissions of organic compounds must not exceed (as the sum of all compounds in one class) a mass concentration of 20 mg/m
	www.inchem.org /documents/hsg/hsg/hsg057.htm (6199 words)

	[No title]
		Although formaldehyde is present in both types of resins, pressed woods that contain PF resin generally emit formaldehyde at considerably lower rates than those containing UF resin.
		Formaldehyde is normally present at low levels, usually less than 0.03 ppm, in both outdoor and indoor air.
		Formaldehyde is just one of several gases present indoors that may cause illnesses.
	www.germology.com /formaldehyde.htm (1083 words)

	Research Note: # 97-9 Indoor Emissions of Formaldehyde and Toluene Diisocyanate
		Formaldehyde and toluene diisocyanate are toxic chemicals that, even at low levels, can cause adverse health effects and are used in the manufacture of products that are commonly found in residences.
		The highest formaldehyde emission rates were measured from a wood floor finish, which emitted approximately 11,000 µg181g/m²/hr at the end of the test period.
		Formaldehyde emission rates from wood products made with urea-formaldehyde resin, including particle board, medium density fiberboard, and hardwood plywood, generally appear to be lower than those reported in earlier studies.
	www.arb.ca.gov /research/resnotes/notes/97-9.htm (1342 words)

	Lignin.org - Dialogue / Newsletters
		The phenolic polymeric nature of lignin allows it to function as a binder in woody plants and makes it an excellent candidate for use as an extender or co-reactant in many different adhesive systems.
		With increasing pressure to lower emissions of volatile organic compounds such as phenol, methanol, formaldehyde, and acetate and isocyanate monomers, alternatives to petrochemicals must be used.
		Lignosulfonates are usually reacted into resin polymers through their addition to the initial stage of the cook when mainly resin monomers are present.
	www.lignin.info /adhesive.htm (520 words)

	Material Safety Data Sheet - formaldehyde, HAZARD INDENTIFICATION, Hazardous Substances data (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Formaldehyde gas may be released under some conditions particularly when the boards are heated and laminated.
		Several studies in which formaldehyde was administered to rats by inhalation showed evidence of carcinogenicity, particularly induction of squamous-cell carcinomas of the nasal cavities, usually only in the highest exposure.
		The IARC concluded* that: "There is limited evidence in humans for carcinogenicity of formaldehyde; There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde; and that overall, formaldehyde is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A)".
	www.brims.com.au /msds.htm (2173 words)

	TAPPI Website - Characterization of the Polymerization Of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Using High Pressure Differential ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This study involved the comparison of these three analytical methods in analyzing the cure of phenolic resin as a function of the resin pH.
		HPLC was used to measure the change in concentration of the phenolic monomers during the cure of the phenolic resin.
		GPC was used to measure the change in molecular weight during of the phenolic resin cure.
	www.tappi.org /s_tappi/doc_bookstore.asp?CID=5279&DID=509249 (233 words)

	062013pe
		The boron-containing phenol-formaldehyde resin is a modified phenolic resin, which is obtained by introducing boron to the main chain of common phenol-formaldehyde resin.
		This resin can be converted into a three-dimentional cross-linked thermoset network by self-cross-linking reaction during curing process, so it has many excellent performances, such as thermostability, mechanical strength, electric properties and defence of neutron radiation.
		The thermostability of BOCNR is close to that of boron-containing bisphenal-A formaldehyde resin (BBPFAR) [3] and BPFR [7].
	www.chemistrymag.org /cji/2004/062013pe.htm (1661 words)

	High pressure decorative laminate manufacturer India
		Phenol and Formaldehyde are taken in M.S. Jacketed vessel and polymeric resin of Phenol Formaldehyde is made.
		Similarly Melamine Formaldehyde resin is made in SS jacketed vessels.
		Base paper and overlay tissue is impregnated with Melamine Formaldehyde resin in 2- zone drier Machine and are stored in A/c room under controlled climatic condition.
	www.rushil.com /characterstics.htm (878 words)

	Characterization of Phenol-Forma (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The phenolic resin composition depends on monomer ratio, catalyst, reaction conditions, and residual free monomers.
		Temperature and pH conditions under which reactions of phenols with formaldehyde are carried out have a profound effect on the characteristics of the resulting products.
		This technique was found to be ideal for determining residual free phenol and formaldehyde, individual phenol and formaldehyde conversions and prepolymer composition changes as a function of time when the condensation reaction was carried out.
	acta.chem-soc.si /52/52-3-238.htm (251 words)

	Polyamide Resin Exporter,Epoxy Resin Exporter,Polyamide Resin Supplier,Epoxy Resin Supplier,India (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Acrylic Resin is a synthetic resin that has excellent color retention and clarity and that is used in both lacquer and enamel.
		Phenol Formaldehyde Resins are the thermosetting resins made by the combined reaction of phenol and formaldehyde.
		Alkyd Resins are synthetic resins which are derived by the reaction of glycerol and phthalic anhydride.
	www.indiamart.com /synpolproducts (1051 words)

	SI Group, Inc. - Product Database
		Phenol resole resin in methyl-ethyl-ketone for solvent based adhesives...
		Mixed alkylphenol thermoplastic resin used as a tackifier in nitrile r...
		An alkyl phenolic resin compatible with natural and synthetic rubbers...
	www.siigroup.com /productdb.asp?action=listindustry&industry=Adhesives (1414 words)

	Healthy Building Network: Formaldehyde and Wood
		Formaldehyde is a chemical used widely by industry to manufacture building materials and numerous office and household products.
		Other sources of formaldehyde in the home also can include smoking, clothes, upholstery and draperies (it is used for fabric treatments such as permanent press), glues, paints and other coatings, fiberglass insulation, other household products, and the use of un-vented, fuel-burning appliances, like gas stoves or kerosene space heaters.
		Nonetheless, while better for the user with lower emissions, both of these resins, like formaldehyde, are derived from fossil fuels and hence still have toxic chemical problems associated with their manufacture.
	www.healthybuilding.net /formaldehyde/index.html (754 words)

	Para-tertiary butylphenol (PTBP) formaldehyde resin contact allergy. DermNet NZ
		PTBP formaldehyde resin is a phenol-formaldehyde resin that is mainly used in adhesives.
		PTBP formaldehyde resin allergy is diagnosed from the clinical history and by performing special allergy tests, i.e.
		Para-tertiary butylphenol is the sensitising agent in phenol-formaldehyde resins, not the phenol or formaldehyde.
	www.dermnetnz.org /dermatitis/paratertiarybutylphenolformaldehyde-allergy.html (574 words)

	IAQ Fact Sheet: Formaldehyde
		Formaldehyde is an important industrial chemical used to make other chemicals, building materials, and household products.
		Formaldehyde is normally present at low levels, usually less than 0.06 ppm (parts per million), in both outdoor and indoor air.
		Formaldehyde has caused cancer in laboratory animals and may cause cancer in humans; there is no known threshold level below which there is no threat of cancer.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/indoor/formald.htm (537 words)

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