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Topic: Phenolphthalein

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	PHENOLPHTHALEIN
		Not classified as an irritant but may be absorbed via moist or oily surfaces.
		Suspect cancer hazard; contains phenolphthalein which may cause cancer.
		Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved waste disposal facility.
	www.jtbaker.com /msds/englishhtml/P2015.htm (865 words)

	Phenolphthalein - LoveToKnow 1911
		PHENOLPHTHALEIN, in organic chemistry, a compound derived from phthalophenone, or diphenyl phthalide (formula I.), the anhydride of triphenyl-carbinol-ortho-carboxylic acid, which is obtained by condensing phthalyl chloride with benzene in the presence of aluminium chloride.
		Phenolphthalein is obtained when phenol and phthalic anhydride are heated with concentrated sulphuric acid.
		On fusion with caustic alkali, phenolphthalein yields benzoic acid and para-dihydroxybenzophenone, which shows that in the original condensation the phthalic acid residue has taken the para position to the hydroxyl groups of the phenol.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Phenolphthalein (361 words)

	Phenolphthalein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phenolphthalein is insoluble in water, and is usually dissolved in alcohols for use in experiments.
		Phenolphthalein is also commonly used in a mixture, primarily by forensic scientists, to test for the presence of blood.
		Phenolphthalein is used to perform a presumptive blood test, and is commonly known as the Kastle-Meyer test.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phenolphthalein (474 words)

	[No title]
		Phenolphthalein was positive in chromosome aberration tests and showed chromosomal abnormality and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) mutations in the SHE cell assay, where nontoxic doses caused cell transformation, mutations, and chromosome aberration.
		Given the concentrations of phenolphthalein achieved in the bioassays, this action may be considered to have little overall contribution to the estrogenic load in the rodent models tested.
		Further, the phenolphthalein exposures used to demonstrate the in vivo and vitro genotoxic effects were in the range of those that humans use to cause laxation.
	www.fda.gov /ohrms/dockets/98fr/012999d.txt (4709 words)

	Phenolphthalein
		Laxatives that contain phenolphthalein have been either reformulated or withdrawn from the market because it has been found to be a carcinogen in animal models.
		Although epidemiological human data has not revealed any reports of cancer in humans related to the use of phenolphthalein, the animal studies indicate a potential cancer risk to people who use this ingredient at higher than recommended doses or for extended periods of time.
		Phenolphthalein may cause a laxative effect for up to 3 days.
	www.fruit-eze.com /ingredients/phenolphthalein.html (245 words)

	Phenolphthalein-containing Laxative Use in Relation to Adenomatous Colorectal Polyps in Three Studies
		Phenolphthalein, the active ingredient in many laxatives, was recently found to be a carcinogen in animal models.
		Because of the finding that phenolphthalein is a carcinogen and because of the association of laxative use with risk of colorectal cancer, we hypothesized that use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives increases risk of adenomatous colorectal polyps.
		Because data implicating phenolphthalein as a carcinogen were not available at the start of these studies, the questions used to ascertain laxative use were not focused on use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives, nor were they especially detailed in the history of use obtained.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1997/105-11/longnecker-full.html (2462 words)

	Phenolphthalein (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 76, 2000) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Phenolphthalein was tested for carcinogenicity by oral administration in two experiments in mice and in one experiment in rats.
		Phenolphthalein is absorbed in the small bowel and is conjugated in the liver to form phenolphthalein glucuronide, which is eliminated in the bile.
		Phenolphthalein induced micronucleated erythrocytes in mice given multiple but not single treatments by gavage or in feed.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol76/phenolphthalein.html (379 words)

	Chromosome 11 Loss from Thymic Lymphomas Induced in Heterozygous Trp53 Mice by Phenolphthalein -- Hulla et al. 60 (2): ...
		Phenolphthalein was identified as a multispecies and multisite
		Griffin, R. J., Godfrey, V. B., and Burka, L. Metabolism and disposition of phenolphthalein in male and female F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.
		Tice, R. R., Furedi-Machacek, M., Satterfield, D., Udumudi, A., Vasquez, M., and Dunnick, J. Measurement of micronucleated erythrocytes and DNA damage during chronic ingestion of phenolphthalein in transgenic female mice heterozygous for the p53 gene.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/60/2/264 (3452 words)

	acid-base indicators
		Phenolphthalein is another commonly used indicator for titrations, and is another weak acid.
		If you use phenolphthalein, you would titrate until it just becomes colourless (at pH 8.3) because that is as close as you can get to the equivalence point.
		It so happens that the phenolphthalein has finished its colour change at exactly the pH of the equivalence point of the first half of the reaction in which sodium hydrogencarbonate is produced.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /physical/acidbaseeqia/indicators.html (1440 words)

	Acid-Base Indicators
		Phenolphthalein is an indicator of acids (colorless) and bases (pink).
		Sodium hydroxide is a base, and it was in the pitcher at the beginning, so when added to the phenolphthalein in beakers 2 and 4, it turned pink (top half of the graphic).
		The molecule absorbs in the ultraviolet, and this form of phenolphthalein is colorless.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/186indicator.html (825 words)

	Phenolphthalein definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Phenolphthalein: A compound used as a laboratory reagent and acid-base indicator and also used in over-the-counter (OTC) laxative preparations.
		Feeding of phenolphthalein caused cancer in multiple organs in multiple species of experimental animals.
		The US government in 2000 classified phenolphthalein as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen."
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13444 (105 words)

	CNN - Facing ban, manufacturer pulls Ex-Lax off shelves - August 29, 1997
		The company had fought to keep phenolphthalein classed as a safe product, although senna is just as effective.
		It is not known how many people ignore the warnings, but doctors say it is considered a problem among the elderly and people with eating disorders.
		The FDA said it was opening a 30-day comment period on a proposal to reclassify phenolphthalein as a Category II ingredient -- one not generally recognized as "safe and effective."
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/9708/29/laxative.ban (575 words)

	Phenolphthalein in Silica Gel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator, which is pink in alkaline solution and colorless in acidic or neutral solution.
		However, phenolphthalein is an indicator that responds to changes in pH.
		I cannot think of any simple way to make phenolphthalein change color with a change in humidity alone.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem03/chem03029.htm (189 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Water to Wine
		Phenolphthalein is an organic compound that is colorless in acidic and neutral solution.
		When the "wine" is poured into this glass, the acid neutralizes the base, and the phenolphthalein is converted back into its colorless form.
		Red light carries less energy than blue, so (as with phenolphthalein) the electrons are less confined in the base than in the acid form.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/features/water2wine.shtml (2050 words)

	Fda Moves To Ban Laxative Ingredient
		The FDA's announcement was made after a review of animal studies that found that rats and mice developed tumors after being fed high doses of phenolphthalein, about 50 to 100 times the recommended human dose, for two years.
		So far, there has been no link between phenolphthalein use by humans and cancer, but the ingredient could potentially pose a risk to people who take higher-than-recommended doses of laxatives or take them for long periods of time.
		"After reviewing this and other data, the FDA committee concluded that phenolphthalein, which has been used in several products for many years, potentially could cause cancer in humans," according to a statement released by the government agency.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1997082906.shtml (429 words)

	Make your own biodiesel - page 2: Journey to Forever
		Phenolphthalein results were consistently slightly higher, but the test-batch results were still good.
		Phenolphthalein is often confused with "phenol red" (phenolsulphonephthalein), obtained at pool supply stores and used for checking water.
		Phenolphthalein is colourless up to pH 8.3, then it turns pink (magenta), and red at its maximum of pH 10.4.
	journeytoforever.org /biodiesel_make2.html (12939 words)

	Chemical Kinetics
		You may be familiar with acid-base titrations that use phenolphthalein as the endpoint indicator.
		An interesting result is obtained when the instantaneous rate of reaction is calculated at various points along the curve in the graph in the previous section.
		Use the rate constant for the reaction between phenolphthalein and the OH ion to calculate the initial instantaneous rate of reaction for the experimental data listed in the preceding table.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch22/rate.html (2167 words)

	Molecule of the Day » Blog Archive » Phenolphthalein (Acid-Base Mood Ring)
		Phenolphthalein is known as an acid-base indicator because it gives a colorimetric change depending on the pH.
		Above a certain critical pH, called its pKa, phenolphthalein adopts mainly the lower structure shown above.
		Below this pH, it is mainly the upper structure.
	www.moleculeoftheday.com /2006/07/07/phenolphthalein-acid-base-mood-ring (411 words)

	Phenolphthalein and Vapors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When removed from the tube, the ammonia dissipated from the paper and the phenolphthalein returned to colorless.
		Richard E. Barrans Jr., Ph.D. Assistant Director PG Research Foundation, Darien, Illinois ========================================================= Phenolphthalein turn pink at a pH of about 8-10(or in your case purple because the concentration of phenolphthalein must be pretty high on the filter paper).
		This is caused by the presence of a volatile amine in the vapor (most likely ammonia, but it could be another volatile amine.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem00/chem00407.htm (297 words)

	Phenolphthalein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The compound is colorless in acidic solution and pinkish in basic solution (with the transition occuring around pH 9).
		Phenolphthalein does not dissolve very well in water, so for titrations it is usually prepared in alcohol solution.
		This is actually a precipitate of solid phenolphthalein, as the high local concentration exceeds the solubility product.
	www.carlton.paschools.pa.sk.ca /chemical/equilibrium/phenolpthalein.htm (134 words)

	Phenolphthalein Alkalinity
		Phenolphthalein Alkalinity : The alkalinity in a water sample measured by the amount of standard acid needed to lower the pH to a level of 8.3 as indicated by the change of color of the phenolphthalein from pink to clear.
		Transparency was nil with the absence of phenolphthalein alkalinity and
		Phenolphthalein Alkalinity: The alkalinity in a water sample measured by the
	www.mongabay.com /reference/environment/Phenolphthalein_Alkalinity.html (239 words)

	phenolphthalein — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Characterization of novel thermoplastic polymers with phenolphthalein in their backbone chains.
		In situ composite: phenolphthalein polyethersulfone-thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends.
		Change and mystery: the grist of how's and why's in inquiry indicator chemistry.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0838724.html (200 words)

	PHENOLPHTHALEIN - Online Information article about PHENOLPHTHALEIN
		phthalic anhydride, phenol itself giving rise to phenolphthalein (formula II.) together with a small quantity of fluorane (formula III.), whilst See also:
		The phthaleins on reduction yield phthalines, which are derivatives of See also:
		triphenylmethane carboxylic acid; these reduction products are colourless and may be regarded as the leuco-compounds of the phthaleins, hus phenolphthalein itself gives phenolphthaline (formula IV.).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PHENOLPHTHALEIN.html (253 words)

	Safety (MSDS) data for phenolphthalein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Click here for data on phenolphthalein in student-friendly format, from the HSci project
		The information on this web page is provided to help you to work safely, but it is intended to be an overview of hazards, not a replacement for a full Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
		If not, this page is a copy made by some other person and we have no responsibility for it.
	physchem.ox.ac.uk /MSDS/PH/phenolphthalein.html (284 words)

	Search Results for- Phenolphthalein, 1% (w/v) In 50% (v/v) Isopropyl Alcohol, Neutralized: Phenolphthalein, 1% (w/v) in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Phenolphthalein, 1% (w/v) in 50% (v/v) Isopropyl Alcohol, Neutralized
		Phenolphthalein, 1% (w/v) in 50% (v/v) Isopropyl Alcohol, Neutralized (500 mL)
		Phenolphthalein, 1% (w/v) in 50% (v/v) Isopropyl Alcohol, Neutralized (1 L) Contact Us for availability.
	www.coleparmer.com /catalog/product_index.asp?cls=39725 (116 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Phenolphthalein - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Phenolphthalein: a laxative used in many preparations under various trade names; also used as an acid-base indicator in titrations involving weak acids and strong bases because it is brilliant red at high alkalinity and colorless below pH 8
		The following list attempts to classify Phenolphthalein into categories where each line is subset of the next.
		MDAdvice.com - Health Library - Prescription & Non-Prescription Drugs - PHENOLPHTHALEIN
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/phenolphthalein.htm (229 words)

	Search Results for- Phenolphthalein Indicator, 0.08% (w/v) In Methanol: Phenolphthalein Indicator, 0.08% (w/v) in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Search Results for- Phenolphthalein Indicator, 0.08% (w/v) In Methanol: Phenolphthalein Indicator, 0.08% (w/v) in Methanol - Cole-Parmer Catalog
		Phenolphthalein Indicator, 0.08% (w/v) in Methanol (500 mL)
		Phenolphthalein Indicator, 0.08% (w/v) in Methanol (120 mL)
	www.coleparmer.com /catalog/product_index.asp?cls=39718 (70 words)

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