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	Phenomenology (science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term phenomenology in modern science, especially in physics, is used to describe a body of knowledge which relates several different empirical observations of phenomena to each other, in a way which is consistent with fundamental theory, but is not directly derived from theory.
		The boundaries between theory and phenomenology, and between phenomenology and experiment, are somewhat fuzzy and to some extent depend on the understanding and intuition of the scientist describing these.
		The philosopher of science Nancy Cartwright does not believe in the fundamental laws but merely in the phenomenological laws of science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phenomenology_(science) (201 words)

	Phenomenology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phenomenology is an approach to philosophy that takes the intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as its starting point and tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience.
		Now (transcendental) phenomenology is the study of the essential structures that are left in pure consciousness: this amounts in practice to the study of the noemata and the relations among them.
		Daniel Dennett has criticized phenomenology on the basis that its explicitly first-person approach is incompatible with the scientific third-person approach, going so far as to coin the term autophenomenology to emphasize this aspect and to contrast it with his own alternative, which he calls heterophenomenology.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/phenomenology (1924 words)

	phenomenology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Phenomenology is a movement in philosophy that has been adapted by certain sociologists to promote an understanding of the relationship between states of individual consciousness and social life.
		Phenomenology was initially developed by Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), a German mathematician who felt that the objectivism of science precluded an adequate apprehension of the world (Husserl 1931, 1970).
		Phenomenology is used in two basic ways in sociology: (1) to theorize about substantive sociological problems and (2) to enhance the adequacy of sociological research methods.
	hss.fullerton.edu /sociology/orleans/phenomenology.htm (4947 words)

	Phenomenology
		Phenomenology is commonly understood in either of two ways: as a disciplinary field in philosophy, or as a movement in the history of philosophy.
		The science of phenomena as distinct from being (ontology).
		His phenomenology addressed the role of attention in the phenomenal field, the experience of the body, the spatiality of the body, the motility of the body, the body in sexual being and in speech, other selves, temporality, and the character of freedom so important in French existentialism.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/phenomenology (9015 words)

	Existential Phenomenology and Cognitive Science
		Phenomenology, van Gelder argues, provides a constraint on theory construction in the cognitive sciences - if the model cannot account for our experience of the phenomena at issue, it at least should be able to explain why our experience is deceptive (see [27]).
		But these differences, far from rendering existential phenomenology irrelevant to the concerns of cognitive science, may prove to be an advantage in moving the discipline out of some of the "conceptual straightjackets" hindering progress in research in the cognitive sciences.
		To the extent that cognitive science tries to understand the brain in isolation from the organism as a whole, Sanders argues, it is relying on an indefensible representationalist picture of the brain (see [30]).
	ejap.louisiana.edu /EJAP/1996.spring/wrathall.kelly.1996.spring.html (3109 words)

	The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We shall be dealing not with phenomenology but with what phenomenology itself deals with.
		In conformity with this usage, all non-philosophical sciences have as their theme some being or beings, and indeed in such a way that they are in every case antecedently given as beings to those sciences.
		Therefore, in distinction from the sciences of the things that are, of beings, ontology, or philosophy in general, is the critical science, or the science of the inverted world, With this distinction between being and beings and that selection of being as theme we depart in principle from the domain of beings.
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/heidegge.htm (8670 words)

	Integrating Phenomenology and Cognitive Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In contrast, the tradition of Phenomenology, derived from the philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), is based on the idea that the study of the mind must be rooted in direct attention to the character of one’s own experience; accordingly, it proposes a particular method for cultivating such attentiveness–the method of phenomenological reflection.
		Phenomenology is essential for bridging the gap between science and experience in the context of the doctor-patient relationship.
		She discussed how Phenomenology is essential for bridging the gap between science and experience in the context of the doctor-patient relationship, and on how the physician’s capacity for empathetic understanding can be enhanced through specific embodied practices, such as mindfulness meditation, and through the training of empathetic listening to narratives of illness experience.
	www.philosophy.ucf.edu /pcsreport.html (2073 words)

	Phenomenology Online: Human Science is Responsible
		Some characteristics of modern science as a form of action are the aspiration of pure knowledge, the curiosity which is involved in it, the playful attitude of the scientist and the proper dynamics of scientific knowledge ("We don't know what will happen").
		The idea of an educational theory in which existential responsibility is a principle of knowledge may be a paradigm for other human sciences and in a wider sense even for all sciences as far as their procedures would have to be referred to the human being and his or her needs.
		Even natural sciences should not deny that their objects have specific meanings for the realization and formulation of what is considered to be human.
	www.phenomenologyonline.com /articles/danner.html (3215 words)

	Phenomenology
		The truths of science are founded neither in God, as Descartes thought, nor on the a priori conditions of possibility, as Kant thought, but on the immediate experience of evidence by which individual and world find themselves in harmony from the beginning.
		Phenomenology is “science of consciousness,” “in that consciousness is, in general, knowledge of an object, either exterior or interior.” Hegel writes in the preface to the Phenomenology: “The immediate Being of spirit, consciousness, possesses two moments: that of knowledge, and that of objectivity which is the negative with regard to this knowledge.
		Thus phenomenology does not propose a philosophy of history, but it responds in the affirmative to the question that began this chapter—at least if the meaning of the word “science” is not limited to mechanism, and if note is taken of the methodological revision outlined in our discussion of sociology.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/lyotard.htm (6608 words)

	Phenomenology and Cognitive Science
		In order to develop cognitive science as rigorous philosophy, it is necessary to adopt the premise that a description of states of consciousness as representational states can be consistent.
		Phenomenology's key concept is the notion of constitution, a description of the creative dynamics of the phenomena of consciousness.
		The methods of cognitive science and philosophy are different: philosophical texts are interpreted by a human, who is a carrier of consciousness.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/4-2/text/sharoff.html (6830 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Phenomenology [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Use of the word phenomenology in modern science is described in the separate article phenomenology (science).
		Phenomenology is a current in philosophy that takes intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as its starting point and tries to extract the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we experience.
		Now (transcendental) phenomenology is the study of the essential structures that are left in pure consciousness: this amounts in practise to the study of the noemata and the relations among them.
	encyclozine.com /Phenomenology (964 words)

	Future of Phenomenology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The empirical phenomenological sociology is a kind of empirical science and, as empirical science in general aiming to describe and to explain various kinds of empirical facts, it attempts to describe and explain the sociological facts in terms of empirical facts.
		The transcendental phenomenological sociology is a kind of transcendental phenomenology and, as transcendental phenomenology in general aiming to clarify the condition of the possibility of something, it attempts to explicate the condition of the possibility for the constitution of sociological facts.
		According to phenomenology, science has to conceive its method of research on the basis of the matters that it is dealing with, and it should not borrow its method of research from another science that is dealing with another kind of matter.
	www.newschool.edu /gf/phil/husserl/Future/Future_Lee.html (2137 words)

	Wooden Iron? Husserlian Phenomenology Meets Cognitive Science
		The position taken here, however, is that these conclusions are unwarranted; phenomenology and cognitive science should be regarded not only as compatible, but as mutually constraining and enriching approaches to the study of mind.
		In cognitive science, most (though by no means all) dynamical models of cognition are neural networks, in which the set of interdependently evolving quantities are the activity levels of the neural units.
		There is no reason to assume that the phenomenology of a mental process should somehow give direct insight into the nature of the causal processes that subserve that phenomenology.
	ejap.louisiana.edu /EJAP/1996.spring/vangelder.1996.spring.html (7431 words)

	Phenomenology, Psychology, Science and History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Utilizing Kuhn's (1962) conception of science as consisting of periods of revolution, which are followed by periods of "normal science," Giorgi takes up the banner of phenomenological psychology as a competing "paradigm" for the next period of "normal science" in the history of psychology.
		A "normal science" is able to come to fruition whenever a group of practitioners are able to take their particular "paradigm for granted." The scientist is no longer required "to build his field anew, starting from first principles and justifying the use of each concept introduced" (Kuhn, 1962, p.
		Historiology, as a "science of history," studies the events of the past such that history is understood as 'thing'-like and in which past events are 'contained.' The 'past' is understood as "no longer present-at-hand," or as "still present-at-hand" such that it cannot impact the 'present' (Heidegger, 1962, p.
	www.mythosandlogos.com /janusheadsciencepaper.html (9404 words)

	Phenomoenology
		The close relation between the social sciences and the methods and assumptions of the physical sciences has created both philosophical and methodological difficulties for the human and social sciences.
		The discussion is developed clearly and imaginatively through four linked sections: geography and traditional metaphysics; geography and phenomenology; phenomenology and the question of human science; and human science, worldhood and place.
		Its outstanding scholastic and innovative qualities will ensure that it is of great importance to other areas of social science, especially where phenomenology, hermeneutics and the philosophy of science form the focus of contemporary debate, and to the philosophy of science itself.
	www.uky.edu /ArtsSciences/Geography/dept/phenomoenology.htm (267 words)

	Particle physics phenomenology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Particle physics phenomenology is the part of theoretical particle physics that deals with the application of theory to high energy particle physics experiments.
		Papers on phenomenology are available on the hep-ph archive of the ArXiv.org e-print archive
		List of topics on phenomenology from IPPP, the Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology at University of Durham, UK Collider Phenomenology: Basic knowledge and techniques, lectures by Tao Han
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Particle_physics_phenomenology (134 words)

	Husserl's Inaugural Lecture at Freiburg im Breisgau
		It is of pure phenomenology I wish to speak: the intrinsic nature of its method and its subject matter that is invisible to naturally oriented points of view.
		[18] This places two separate sciences in the sharpest of contrasts: on the one hand, phenomenology, the science of consciousness as it is in itself; on the other, the "Objective" sciences as a totality.
		Be that as it may, pure phenomenology was not established to be an empirical science, and what it calls its 'purity' is not just that of pure reflection but is at the same time the entirely different sort of purity we meet in the names of other sciences.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Scott_Moore/essays/Husserl.html (4005 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Philosophy: Continental Philosophy: Phenomenology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology - Extending and deepening phenomenology and kindred continental thought in philosophy, the social sciences, and the humanities.
		Phenomenology and Cognitive Science - Collects resources on the intersection between phenomenology of Husserlian kind or origin and the new cognitive science, a non-reductionist science of cognition which takes consciousness seriously.
		Seminar on Phenomenology and Hermeneutics, Marquette University - Beginning in 1996 as a forum for discussing the work of Edmund Husserl, the Seminar on Phenomenology and Hermeneutics, has expanded and now investigates and shares research in all aspects of phenomenology and hermeneutics.
	dmoz.org /Society/Philosophy/Continental_Philosophy/Phenomenology (519 words)

	Phenomenology and Cognitive Science
		This page collects international resources on the intersection between phenomenology of Husserlian kind or origin and the new (neuro-)cognitive science, a non-reductionist science of cognition which takes consciousness seriously.
		Dreyfus, Hubert L. (1996), 'The current relevance of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of embodiment', The Electronic Journal of Analytic Philosophy, 4, Special Issue: Existential Phenomenology and Cognitive Science, edited by Mark Wrathall and Sean Kelly.
		Wertz, Frederick J, Merleau-Ponty and the Cognitive Psychology of Perception in Donn Welton and Hugh J Silverman (eds.), Critical and Dialectical Phenomenology pp.
	www.swif.uniba.it /lei/mind/topics/00000032.htm (1542 words)

	Phenomenology and Cognitive Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Phenomenology is here understood as a philosophical discipline and method in the tradition started by Edmund Husserl, and including the work of Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty and numerous others.
		Recent attempts to integrate this notion of phenomenology with research in the cognitive sciences have aimed to provide a naturalistic framework for the analysis of experience.
		The various groups mentioned on this site are interested in developing approaches to naturalized phenomenology, neurophenomenology, and communication between the continental phenomenological tradition, analytic philosophy of mind, and the empirical sciences.
	www.philosophy.ucf.edu /pcsnf.html (218 words)

	phenomenology science - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		Thus The Structure...introduction to the Phenomenology, Merleau-Ponty...presuppositions of science and Gestalt psychology...
		...subjective methods of phenomenology and the objective methods of the empirical sciences are complementary, others...reason to believe that phenomenology is a reliable procedure...overcoming differences between science and religion.
		...that quantitative scientific truths are the only truths; the phenomenology and behavior of the individual, as well as the dynamics of groups, may prove irreducible to the hard sciences, at least for any practical purposes.
	www.questia.com /search/phenomenology-science (1278 words)

	Janus Head/1.1/Brent Dean Robbins
		The fundamentally human element consists in the fact that the forms of human behavior must continually be sought and defined anew and are therefore discovered in the historical role of man and in the elucidation of that role; it is history which differentiates the human being from the animal.
		In Psychology as a Human Science, Giorgi (1970) argues that a phenomenologically oriented human science is an alternative "paradigm" to the current tradition of natural science psychology.
		The "puzzle-solving" activity of "normal science" requires that there be at least a tacit understanding of what counts as a "puzzle" and, further, what counts as a solution to the puzzle.
	www.janushead.org /JHSummer98/BrentRobbins.cfm (9564 words)

	Damjan Bojadziev: Self-reference in Phenomenology and Cognitive Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Damjan Bojadziev: Self-reference in Phenomenology and Cognitive Science
		A neutral conclusion, drawn from the failure of these attempts, is that Gödel's theorem is not relevant to cognitive science (Haugeland, J. 1981, p.
		This limitation of vision as a basic phenomenological, or meta-phenomenological fact is not made much of in phenomenology itself; buddhism seems more susceptible to it, along with traditional metaphysics, which regards the self as the origin of the perceptual field, or a point of view on the world (Evans, G. 1982, p.
	nl.ijs.si /~damjan/phen.html (1470 words)

	Cognitive Science and Continental Philosophy - John Sutton bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Phenomenology and Cognitive Science - online resources and bibliography by Eugenio Borrelli.
		New Journal: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences edited by Shaun Gallagher and Natalie Depraz.
		Joseph Ulric Neisser, 'On the Use and Abuse of Dasein in Cognitive Science, The Monist 82 (2), 1999, 347-361
	www.phil.mq.edu.au /staff/jsutton/CogSciContinentalPhil.html (535 words)

	Phenomenology \| Philosophy of Human Consciousness \| Study of Human Experience \| Questia.com Online Library
		Literature, Philosophy, and the Social Sciences: Essays in Existentialism and Phenomenology
		Phenomenology and Science in Contemporary European Thought Phenomenology and Science IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN THOUGHT A...by I. Bochenski FARRAR, STRAUS AND CUDAHY...
		Great interest attaches to phenomenology because of its strategic position...F. The Subjective Procedure of Phenomenology 57 II BEYOND NATURALISM 63...Pure...
	www.questia.com /library/philosophy/branches-of-philosophy/phenomenology/phenomenology.jsp (513 words)

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