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Topic: Phenylacetic acid

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	MANDELIC ACID - LoveToKnow Article on MANDELIC ACID (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The inactive variety is known as paramandelic acid.
		(F. Winckler, Ann., 1836, 18,3Io),byboilingphenylchloracetic acid with alkalis (A. Spiegel, Ber., 1881, 14, 239), by heating benzoylformaldehyde with alkalis (H. v.
		When heated with hydriodic acid and phosphorus it forms phenylacetic acid; whilst concentrated hydrobromic acid and hydrochloric acid at moderate temperatures convert it into phenylbrom- and phenylchlor-acetic acids.
	5.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MANDELIC_ACID.htm (219 words)

	PHENYLACETIC ACID
		The standard directions for the preparation of phenylacetic acid specify that the benzyl cyanide is treated with dilute sulfuric acid prepared by adding three volumes of sulfuric acid to two volumes of water.
		The odor of phenylacetic acid is disagreeable and persistent.
		The phenylacetic acid may also be made by boiling under a reflux condenser for eight to fifteen hours, without a stirrer, but this method is not nearly so satisfactory as that described in the procedure.
	www.orgsyn.org /orgsyn/orgsyn/prepContent.asp?prep=CV1P0436 (476 words)

	Phenylethyl Alcohol, Aldehyde, Acid and Related Acetals and Esters and Related Substances (JECFA Food Additives Series ...
		Phenylacetic acid is excreted as the glutamine acid conjugate.
		Hydrolysed to para-tolyloxy acetic acid and ethanol; the acid is excreted unchanged.
		Likewise, in rodents and lagomorphs (rabbits), phenylacetic acid is excreted primarily as the glycine conjugate.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v50je11.htm (6464 words)

	Synthesis of Phenylacetic Acid
		Phenylacetic acid separates out in an absolutely pure state in the form of flakes with a mother of pearl lustre.
		The free phenylacetic acid is precipitated by the addition of conc HCl (~3ml), in 92% yield, mp 76-76.5°C. The Willgerodt Reaction can also be used to transform acetophenone (or styrene) to phenylacetic acid.
		This causes the sodium salt of phenylacetic acid which was produced in the reaction to convert to phenylacetic acid.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/phenylacetic.html (2192 words)

	Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Phenylacetate-Coenzyme A Ligase, an Enzyme Catalyzing the First Step in ...
		Aerobic and anaerobic catabolic pathways of phenylacetic acid in A.
		Anaerobic oxidation of phenylacetate and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate to benzoyl-CoA and CO in denitrifying Pseudomonas sp.
		Bacterial degradation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and homoprotocatechuic acid.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/182/2/286 (5506 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Polarized Light Gallery - Phenylacetic Acid
		Phenylketonuria, a inherited error of catabolism that can cause mental retardation, results in elevated serum levels of the amino acid phenylalanine, some of which is eliminated in the urine and sweat as phenylacetic acid, creating a diagnostic "mousy" body odor.
		In the illicit drug world, phenylacetic acid is often trafficked as a precursor for the bootleg manufacture of methamphetamine, and thus large purchases are monitored by drug enforcement agencies.
		Synthesizing phenylacetic acid from ethylbenzene, benzyl chloride, benzyl cyanide, mandelic acid, or acetophenone and styrene can be completed in the laboratory or at the industrial level.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/polarized/phenylaceticacid.html (341 words)

	Organic Synthesis - Phenylacetic Acid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For the preparation of small quantities of phenylacetic acid, it is convenient to use the modified method given in the Notes.
		The standard method of preparation of phenylacetic acid is by the hydrolysis of benzyl cyanide with either alkali[1a] or acid.[2a] The acid hydrolysis runs by far the more smoothly and so was the only one studied.
		There are numerous other ways in which phenylacetic acid has been formed, but none of them is of practical importance for its preparation.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/sci/chemistry/OrganicSynthesis/chap17.html (474 words)

	Phenylacetic Acid via the Willgerodt Reaction from Styrene/Acetophenone
		The Willgerodt-Kindler reaction with morpholine transforms acetophenones and styrenes to phenylacetic acids, through the intermediate phenylacetothiomorpholide, which is hydrolyzed in acid or basic solution to the desired acid.
		A further quantity of acid may be obtained by extracting the mother liquors with ether.
		A mixture of 51 g of 3,4,5-trimethylphenylacetothiomorpholide, 110 ml of acetic acid, 16 ml of sulfuric acid, and 25 ml of water was heated under reflux for 5 hr and decanted from the small amount of tar formed into 850 ml of water with stirring.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/willgerodt.html (672 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Why exercise cheers you up
		When urine levels were checked, it was found phenylacetic acid levels were increased in 18 out of the 20 participants.
		The research team say though there may be many factors involved in the phenylacetic acid response, because its chemical structure is very similar to that of amphetamines, it may be that this chemical is part of a "runner's high", a phenomenon linked to natural endorphin activity in the brain.
		They suggest phenylacetic acid could also be important because it can cross from the blood to the brain, something endorphins cannot do.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/health/newsid_1565000/1565230.stm (641 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The appropriate acid chloride is added and the reaction mixture yields after work-up and purification by either chromatography or recrystallization the desired material.
		The carboxylic acid ester is removed with a mixture of a base such as aqueous sodium hydroxide and a solvent such as methanol.
		Several other related methodologies exist for the coupling of acid chlorides, anhydrides and sulfonyl chlorides with aromatic, as well as non-aromatic, amines in solution or solid phase and are known to those skilled in the art.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/98256.011227&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8438 words)

	Phenylethylamine, a possible link to the antidepressant effects of exercise? -- Szabo et al. 35 (5): 342 -- British ...
		acid were calculated and used in the analyses.
		Phenylacetic acid concentrations were measured as mg/24 hours and percentages are compared with values obtained before exercise.
		Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phenylacetic acid in urine.
	bjsm.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/35/5/342 (1060 words)

	Organic Synthesis - Ethyl Phenylacetate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is washed with a little 10 per cent sodium carbonate solution to remove small amounts of phenylacetic acid which may have been formed, and then distilled in vacuo.
		In washing the layer of ethyl phenylacetate with sodium carbonate it is sometimes advisable to add a certain amount of sodium chloride so that the ester will separate more readily.
		Ethyl phenylacetate may be prepared by the treatment of benzyl cyanide with alcohol and hydrochloric acid gas.[1] It is much more convenient in the laboratory, however, to use sulfuric acid in place of hydrochloric acid; in fact, the yields obtained are better than those recorded in the literature.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/sci/chemistry/OrganicSynthesis/chap7.html (283 words)

	Phenylacetyl-Coenzyme A Is the True Inducer of the Phenylacetic Acid Catabolism Pathway in Pseudomonas putida U -- ...
		Transcriptional regulation of the divergent paa catabolic operons for phenylacetic acid degradation in Escherichia coli.
		Enzymology of oxidation of tropic acid to phenylacetic acid in metabolism of atropine by Pseudomonas sp.
		Strain ADP1 Are Repressed by HcaR and Are Induced by Hydroxycinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Thioesters.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/10/4575 (2226 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		is an alkanoic or 2-aminoalkanoic acid radical derived from acetic acid, propionic acid, or 2-aminopropionic acid, or the methyl or ethyl ester thereof.
		Preferred Compounds Useful in the Present Invention Preferred compounds useful in the methods and compositions of the present invention are: (a) 3,5-dibromo-4- (4-hydroxy-3-iodophenylsulfonyl) phenylacetic acid; (b) 3,5-dibromo-4- (3-iodo-4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl) phenylacetic acid; (c) 3,5-dibromo-4- (4-hydroxy-3- (6-methoxypyridazin-3- ylmethyl) phenylsulfonyl) phenylacetic acid; (d) 3,5-dibromo-4- (3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenylsulfonyl) phenylacetic acid; (e) 3,5-dibromo-4- (3-cyclohexyl-4-methoxyphenylsulfonyl) phenylacetic acid;
		The choice of a carrier to be used in conjunction with the subject compound is typically determined by the way the compound is to be administered.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/72810.001207&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5962 words)

	Dipolar-Chemical Shift and Rotational Resonance 13C NMR Studies of the Carboxyl-Methylene Carbon Spin Pair in Solid ...
		, of the CS tensor is decreased significantly for both carbon atoms in the potassium acid salt compared to the acid.
		Specifically, longitudinal magnetization exchange curves are shown to be sensitive to slight rotations of the carboxyl carbon CS tensor about an axis perpendicular to the carboxyl plane, a phenomenon observed upon moving from the acid to the acid salt.
		acid as a setup sample for rotational resonance and other homonuclear dipolar recoupling experiments.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jpcafh/2000/104/i32/abs/jp0013661.html (348 words)

	Identification of phenyldecanoic acid as a constituent of triacylglycerols and wax ester produced by Rhodococcus opacus ...
		Identification of phenyldecanoic acid as a constituent of triacylglycerols and wax ester produced by Rhodococcus opacus PD630 -- Alvarez et al.
		acid and phenylacetic acid, whereas phenylpropionic acid and
		to degrade phenylacetic acid was induced in phenylalanine- and
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/5/1407 (2572 words)

	Novel Biodegradable Aromatic Plastics from a Bacterial Source. GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON A ROUTE OF THE ...
		acid when grown in the presence of 5-phenylpentanoic acid (49-51).
		acid or phenylacetic acid as the sole carbon source (54).
		in the degradation of phenylacetic acid and phenylpropionic acid
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/41/29228 (7492 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Phenylketonuria
		Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare hereditary condition in which the amino acid phenylalanine is not properly metabolized.
		Phenylalanine is 1 of the 8 essential amino acids found in protein-containing foods.
		Because phenylalanine is involved indirectly in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin and hair color, children with phenylketonuria often have lighter complexions than their unaffected siblings.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001166.htm (797 words)

	Catabolism of Phenylacetic Acid in Escherichia coli. CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW AEROBIC HYBRID PATHWAY -- ...
		the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, fatty acids with a
		Nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of the PA catabolic pathway.
		The number of amino acid residues fused to the LacZ protein is indicated in parentheses.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/273/40/25974 (8025 words)

	Chlorogenic Acid, Quercetin-3-Rutinoside and Black Tea Phenols Are Extensively Metabolized in Humans -- Olthof et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Of the ingested chlorogenic acid, 1.7% was recovered unchanged
		conjugated with glycine and excreted in urine as hippuric acid
		the analyses of the phenolic acids in urine; the laboratory
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/133/6/1806 (4811 words)

	Methods for treating neoplastic conditions using phenylacetic acid and derivatives thereof - US Patent 5661179 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Neish "Phenylacetic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Human Cancer" Experentia vol.
		Neish, et al., "Phenylacetic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Human Cancer", Experentia, vol.
		Abemayor, E. et al., "Effects of retinoic acid on the in vivo growth of human neuroblastoma cells," Cancer Lett.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5661179.html (620 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: ANTIFUNGAL AND SPROUT REGULATORY BIOACTIVITIES OF PHENYLACETIC ACID, INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Citation: Slininger, P.J., Burkhead, K.D., Schisler, D.A. Antifungal And Sprout Regulatory Bioactivities Of Phenylacetic Acid, Indole-3-Acetic Acid, And Tyrosol Isolated From The Potato Dry Rot Suppressive Bacterium Enterobacter Cloacae S11:t:07.
		The metabolites phenylacetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and tyrosol (TSL) were isolated from S11:T:07 liquid cultures provided three different growth media.
		The bioactivities of the metabolites were investigated via TLC bioautography of antifungal activity, wounded potato assays of dry rot suppressiveness, and cored potato eye assays of sprout inhibition.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=143219 (491 words)

	Phenylacetic acid heterocyclyl amides having an insecticidal effect - US Patent 6403622 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Phenylacetic acid heterocyclyl amides having an insecticidal effect - US Patent 6403622
		Phenylacetic acid heterocyclyl amides having an insecticidal effect
		Novel phenylacetic acid heterocyclyl amides of the formula ##STR1## in which R
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6403622.html (168 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: ANTIFUNGAL AND SPROUT INHIBITORY BIOACTIVITIES OF PHENYLACETIC ACID AND INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Enterobacter cloacae S11:T:07 (NRRL B-21050) is a promising biological control agent, which significantly reduces both dry rot and sprouting in lab and pilot potato storages.
		Phenylacetic acid (PAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were isolated from S11:T:07 liquid cultures, and their bioactivities were investigated via TLC bioautography of antifungal activity, wounded potato assays of dry rot suppressiveness, and cored potato eye assays of sprout inhibition.
		For the first time, both IAA and PAA were shown to have antifungal activity against G. pulicaris and to suppress dry rot infection of wounded potatoes.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=112085&pf=1 (302 words)

	eMedicine - Phenylketonuria : Article Excerpt by: Zeljko P Mijuskovic, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Phenylalanine has ketogenic and gluconeogenic intermediates that contribute to the glucose pool, which can play a role in normal brain development and function.
		1200 m mol/L; reference range, 35-90 mmol/L) and to excretion of phenylpyruvic acid (approximately 1 g/d) and phenylacetic acid in the urine.
		mol/L) and to excretion of phenylpyruvic acid (approximately 1 g/d) and phenylacetic acid in the urine.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/byname/phenylketonuria.htm (587 words)

	Thermodynamics of the conversion of penicillin G to phenylacetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Thermodynamics of the conversion of penicillin G to phenylacetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid.
		Thermodynamics of the conversion of penicillin G to phenylacetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid.The extent of reaction for the overall conversion is highly dependent upon the pH.
		The data have been analyzed using a chemical equilibrium model with an extended Debye-H?ckel expression for the activity coefficients.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/5845275.html (58 words)

	Molecular characterization of the phenylacetic acid catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida U: The phenylacetyl-CoA ...
		Fourteen different genes included in a DNA fragment of 18 kb are involved in the aerobic degradation of phenylacetic acid
		2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2-OH-PhAc) as a substrate of PhAc-CoAL
		(A) Multiple alignment of the amino acid sequence of PhaJ, the proline permease from Salmonella typhimurium (PUTP-SALTY) and a sodium/solute symport protein from E.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/11/6419 (4789 words)

	Phenylacetic Acid (3S,6S)-6-Acetoxy-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl Ester
		The fact that the configuration of derivatives of acetic acid 8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester was considered having significant influence on the muscarinic activity [1] prompted us to synthesize the chiral compounds with the skeleton in order to study the structure-activity relationship.
		To a solution of (-)-acetic acid (3S,6S)-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl ester [2, 3] (0.22 g, 1.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) with pyridine (0.1 mL) was added dropwise phenylacetyl chloride (0.23 mL, 1.7 mmol).
		The aqueous solution was extracted with chloroform (5×6 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, evaporated in vacuo, to give phenylacetic acid (3S,6S)-6-acetoxy-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester (0.34 g, 95%) as a pale yellow oil.
	www.mdpi.org /molbank/molbank2003/m0335.htm (264 words)

	1.1.1 Optimal plant nutrition
		The most important are folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, riboflavin and thiamine.
		Seaweed extract-kelp extract, kinetin, kinotin riboside, benzyladenine, zeatin riboside, zeatin, extract of corn cockle, isopentenyl adenine, dihydrozeatin, indoleacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, indole ethanol, indoleacetaldehyde, indoleacetonitrile, gibberellins (E.g.
		Fungi produce humic acids, and thus a significant humic acid component should be present.
	www.plantsfood.com /optimalplantnutrition.htm (5892 words)

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