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Topic: Pheromone (honey bee)

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	Pheromone - The Encyclopedia
		Insect pheromones of pest species, such as the Japanese beetle and the gypsy moth, can be used to trap them for monitoring purposes or for control by creating confusion, disrupting mating and preventing them from laying eggs.
		In mammals and reptiles, pheromones may be detected by the vomeronasal organ, or Jacobson's organ, which lies between the nose and mouth, although some are detected by regular olfactory membranes.
		Boar pheromones are sprayed into the sty, and those sows which exhibit sexual arousal are known to be currently available for breeding.
	www.the-encyclopedia.com /description/Pheromone (1119 words)

	Entomology - UC Riverside Take-Out Bee Traps
		The problem of straggler bees can be solved by transporting the hive only at night after the bees have settled, by spraying them at night when all the bees are likely to be on the swarm cluster, or by returning to the site at night, locating the clustered stragglers and repeating the insecticide application.
		Bees were attracted to the traps by the pheromone, but then relatively few entered the entrances, often going part way in and then back out.
		Bees discovered and entered the traps most quickly when they were close to the original site of the swarm, but were able to find traps at least 35 m away, though the rate of bee arrival at 35 m was less than at 5 m (Fig.
	bees.ucr.edu /bee-traps.html (3672 words)

	Honey bee pheromones - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Honey bee pheromones are mixtures of chemical substances released by individual bees into the hive or environment that cause changes in the physiology and behaviour of other bees.
		Pheromones are produced as a liquid and transmitted by direct contact as a liquid or as a vapor.
		This pheromone is emitted by the worker bees and used for orientation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pheromone_(honey_bee) (1264 words)

	Pheromone Summary
		Pheromones are a specific type of chemical signal in which substances are produced by one organism that conveys a message to another organism usually of the same species.
		Pheromones are released outside of the organism's body to coordinate behavioral and physiological activities among individuals of the population.
		Pheromones that cause an animal to make oriented movements toward the source of the pheromone are termed attractants, in contrast to repellents that stimulate movements away from the source.
	www.bookrags.com /Pheromone (2790 words)

	BeeSource.com \| POV \| Wenner \| Does Honey Bee Nasanov Pheromone Attract Foragers?
		Individually-marked foragers from a colony of approximately sixty thousand honey bees were fed 1.25 M sucrose solution from syracuse watch glasses at a distance of 50 m from the hive.
		In a second control, bees were trained on 100 ul/l anise-scented sucrose and then tested on separate dishes of 100 ul/l bay-scented, 100 ul/l cinnamon-scented rewards or, as a third option, 1.25 M sucrose solution to which 100 ul/l of Scentry "Bee-Scent" had been added.
		Identification of geraniol as the active component in the pheromone of the honey bee.
	www.beesource.com /pov/wenner/bull_scas1993.htm (3184 words)

	Biology - Bee Behavior
		According to von Frisch, when a bee returns from a foraging trip and dances, she also communicates the kind of "plant" or "flower" on which she was foraging by releasing the perfume of the flower through nectar regurgitation or from nectar aroma on body hairs.
		Honey bees that were native only to Europe, Asia, and Africa have adapted well to all but the polar regions of the world.
		Bees are highly attracted to the scent of recently extracted honeycomb and to the scent of honey being extracted or heated.
	maarec.cas.psu.edu /bkCD/HBBiology/bee_behavior.htm (3519 words)

	Urban IPM: nsects: Bees, Hornets, and Wasps: Honey Bees
		Honey bees are around 0.7 of an inch (17mm) in length, have a hairy body that is yellowish orange in color with fl transverse bands on the abdomen. A more detailed look into their morphology uncovers three different body types representing the division of labor within the hive.
		In the wild honey bees commonly build their hives in tree cavities, hidden away from predators, however, very few wild honey bees are left due to a pest known as the varroa mite and the large majority of existing honey bees are kept in apiaries.
		Honey bees must be carefully managed, as they may on occasions cause the extinction of native bee species, through competition.
	ag.arizona.edu /urbanipm/insects/bees/honeybees1.html (880 words)

	Pheromone - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Pheromones in humans are believed to be produced by the apocrine glands.
		Pheromones could also be the reason why a person can sense "chemistry", or feel an instant attraction or dislike when first meeting someone.
		Pheromones, chemicals emitted by one individual to evoke some behavior in another of the same species, are known to govern sexual activity in animals, but experts differ as to what role, if any, they play in making humans sexually attractive to one another." New York Times
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Pheromone (924 words)

	University of Nebraska Entomology: Apiculture - Honey Bee Swarms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Honey bees are cavity nesters and will seek a cavity of at least 15 liters of storage space.
		Honey bees are beneficial pollinators and should be left alone and appreciated unless their nest are in conflict with human activity.
		If honey bees nest in the walls of a home, they can be removed or killed if necessary; however, it is advisable to open the area and remove the honey and combs or rodents and insects will be attracted.
	entomology.unl.edu /beekpg/beeswarm.htm (850 words)

	Insecta Inspecta World - Killer Bees
		The Africanized bee escaped and began to dominate honey bee.
		The bee is aggressive, easily agitated, and generally a bee with a bad attitude.
		The Africanized bee is expected to spread across the southern part of the country, where the winters aren't so harsh.
	www.insecta-inspecta.com /bees/killer/index.html (1056 words)

	Urban IPM: Insects: Bees, Hornets, and Wasps: Honey Bees and Africanized Bees
		Honey bees were brought to the Western Hemisphere by European colonists.
		The Africanized bee is a hybrid of the African and European honeybee.It is almost identical in appearance to the European subspecies of honeybee and identification requires microscopic measurements or DNA analysis in a laboratory.
		The new bees however produced less honey and due to their highly defensive nature they were kept in a box with queen excluders (slats that allow only the smaller workers to fly out), to stop them ever reproducing in the wild.
	ag.arizona.edu /urbanipm/insects/bees/honeybees.html (2560 words)

	UGA Honey Bee Program - Pollination - Managing Honey Bees for Pollination
		Bee hives are almost always moved at night when bees are not flying and temperatures are cooler.
		In these cases, the center of the field is less likely to be visited by bees, but you can remedy this by putting more colonies in the center-most groups along the field edge; this increases competition and forces bees to forage deeper into the field.
		Some pesticides are listed below according to their relative bee hazard; look for a product labeled for the target pest, with low bee toxicity (that is, a high LD and with a short residual time (Table of Insecticides and Miticides).
	www.ent.uga.edu /bees/Pollination/Managing_Honey_Bees.htm (1072 words)

	Among the Honey Bees
		Worker bees have wings that are approximately the length of the abdomen, and the workers are smaller than the drone bees.
		Honey is mostly comprised of the simple easily assimilated sugars glucose and fructose, contains Vitamin A, beta-carotene, all of the B-complex, C, D, E and K, the minerals magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, calcium, chlorine, potassium, iodine, sodium, copper and manganese and enzymes.
		Bees collect the pollen from flowers and take it back to the hive where it is stored until it is used to feed the bees in the hive.
	www.herbsnhoney.com /bees.htm (2316 words)

	The Honey Bee
		In highly socialized bees, division of labor is essential for survival and the honey bee colony expresses this in many ways.
		Bees see their world as a mosaic because each facet is like a narrow tube which is stimulated by light rays.
		Honey bees detect these vibrations through their legs and it has been shown that mechanical vibrations cause the honey bee leg to respond.
	www.beeclass.com /DTS/honey_bee.htm (1614 words)

	Newsroom Special Reports
		Honey bee social feeding was long thought to involve the exchange of communicative substances, in addition to food.
		Pheromones are a chemical signal emitted by animals, insects and humans.
		Bees forced out too early aren't great navigators, and since foraging is dangerous, they risk dying before their time.
	special.newsroom.msu.edu /bees/index.html (872 words)

	Honey bee trap, kill bees with bee trap
		The bee trap design we use has been tested in Arizona since 1990 and has proven to be an uniquely effective method for attracting honey bees (both European and Africanized varieties) as they migrate through an area looking for a new home.
		The bees were so aggressive, a witness said, they covered the woman's face, got into her mouth, hair and ears, and some went along in the ambulance to the emergency room.
		Male carpenter bees tend to be territorial and often become aggressive when humans approach, sometimes hovering a short distance in front of the face or buzzing one's head.
	www.critterridders.com /bees.htm (2787 words)

	Bee learning and communication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Honey bees learn and communicate in order to find food sources and for other means.
		Honey bees are quite adept at associative learning, and many of the standard phenomena of conditioning take the same form in honey bees as they do in the vertebrates that are the more usual subjects of such experiments.
		One of the most important lines of evidence on the origin and utility of the dance is that all of the known species and races of honey bees exhibit the behavior, but details of its execution vary among the different species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bee_learning_and_communication (2065 words)

	Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
		Bees only sting if they think they or their hive are in danger.
		Bee farmers can use special chemicals to stop the varroa mite on their farm, but no one can help the bees hiding in the wild.
		AHB’s act like normal bees while they are foraging for food, but if they feel their hive is in danger, they will defend it, attacking the people and animals for at least 100 feet around the hive.
	pelotes.jea.com /AnimalFact/Arthropod/honeybee.htm (1261 words)

	Doctoral Thesis
		The honey bee queen produces pheromones that function in both releaser and primer roles such as attracting a retinue of workers around her, attracting drones on mating flights, preventing workers from reproducing at the individual (worker egg laying) and colony (swarming) level, and regulating several other aspects of colony functioning.
		To identify the remaining unknown compounds for retinue attraction, honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) were selectively bred to have low response to synthetic QMP and high response to a queen extract in a laboratory retinue bioassay.
		When chiral pheromones are first identified, the racemic form is usually synthesized (or purchased) to compare physical, chemical, and behavioral properties with the isolated pheromone.
	homepage.mac.com /ckeeling/phd.html (831 words)

	Honey Bee - BLUE STAR PEST CONTROL
		Pollen (yellow protein powder) which are made by flowers
		A worker will dance into the hive to signal that a new food source had been found, and has been marked with a pheromone (scent).
		Trapping honey bees is not practical and exclusion techniques may not solve the problem, therefore when controlling bumble bees it is necessary to employ the help of professional pest control company
	bluestarbugs.com /honey_bee.html (100 words)

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