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	Phil Gramm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		William Philip "Phil" Gramm (born July 8, 1942, in Fort Benning, Georgia) served as a Democratic Congressman (1978-1983), a Republican Congressman (1983-1985) and a Republican Senator from Texas (1985-2002).
		In 1984, Gramm was elected as a Republican to represent Texas in the U.S. Senate.
		Phil Gramm is married to Dr. Wendy Lee Gramm, a native of Hawaii, who is associated with George Mason University's Mercatus Center in Virginia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phil_Gramm (1141 words)

	Wendy Gramm
		Gramm is the granddaughter of a laborer in the Hawaian sugar cane fields and the daughter of the first Korean-American officer of a U.S. sugar cane company.
		Gramm recalled her initial response to his subsequent marriage proposal: "Yuck." Gramm persisted, and the couple wed in 1970 (it was Gramm's second marriage).
		Gramm campaign buses picked up the IBP employees at eight separate locations in the states of Iowa, Nebraska, and Illinois and transported them to the straw poll, where their votes helped Gramm tie front-runner Bob Dole and gave the Gramm campaign an important boost.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/president/players/gramm.html (860 words)

	Phil Gramm for President 1996 Campaign Brochure
		As a Republican Senator, Gramm's first order of business was to write legislation that would become a household name, as well as the only real deficit reduction effort in the last twenty years: Gramm-Rudman cut the deficit by nearly 40% and reduced the size of government relative to the size of the economy.
		Phil Gramm would cut government spending and cut taxes to ensure long-term economic growth and to let families keep more of their own money to invest in their own children, their own businesses, and their own futures.
		Phil Gramm would reform the welfare system by asking able-bodied men and women "riding in the wagon" to help the rest of us pull, and he would have the political courage to stop giving people more and more money to have more and more children on welfare.
	www.4president.org /brochures/philgramm1996brochure.htm (1060 words)

	Photo Tour: Phil Gramm campaigning in Iowa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Phil Gramm waves goodbye to Hayden Fry and the rest of the Hawkeyes football squad at a recent practice.
		Phil Gramm waits at the side of a room while being introduced during a campaign stop in Dubuque.
		Phil Gramm moves around the room at a Clinton hotel shaking hands with those who gathered to hear him speak at a luncheon.
	www.gazetteonline.com /caucus/gramm/ggrampic.htm (235 words)

	CNN.com - GOP budget hawk Gramm won't seek re-election - September 5, 2001 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Gramm, the second conservative Republican to announce his retirement from the chamber in the course of the last month, entered the Senate in 1984.
		Gramm, always a staunch fiscal conservative, chose to resign his House seat so he could make the party switch, and ran in a 1983 special election to reclaim the post as a Republican.
		While chairman, Gramm, who is renowned in conservative and economic circles for his broad knowledge of fiscal policy and economic trends, promoted and passed legislation that brought the first significant changes to U.S. banking laws since the late 1930s.
	www.cnn.com.cob-web.org:8888 /2001/ALLPOLITICS/09/04/gramm.senate/index.html (920 words)

	Flashback by Jay Nordlinger on Phil Gramm on National Review Online (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Gramm was an academic, an intellectual, and an individualist, yes, but he was also a canny pol, as evidenced not only by his victory margins but by his record in the House and Senate.
		Gramm could have switched parties on the spot — but he didn't think it was right, opting to resign and present himself as a Republican in a special election.
		Gramm would like to see no income tax at all, favoring instead a consumption tax, "because the government doesn't have to know what your income is. It's a simpler system, and everybody pays." Even a flat tax won't "lead you home," because it would be strangled by exemptions.
	www.nationalreview.com.cob-web.org:8888 /flashback/flashback-nordlinger112602.asp (1789 words)

	Phil Gramm: Past to President
		Gramm was first elected to the House in 1978 as a Democrat, but his fiscal conservatism brought him disrepute among his colleagues, particularly when he broke their ranks to help pass the Reagan administration's ill-fated tax cut.
		Gramm has been a vituperative opponent of sensible legislation on weapons; he has voted to allow possession of powerful and dangerous semiautomatic weapons, ammunition feeding devices of large capacity, and other weapons only commonly found in combat zones.
		Gramm is certainly fond of pontificating the "tough-on-crime" doctrine, but if the government was as tough on white-collar crimes as Gramm would like them to be towards pot-smoking college kids, he'd be bumming cigarettes at San Quentin.
	www.rtis.com /touchstone/feb02/04.HTM (1290 words)

	Phil Gramm - By David Plotz - Slate Magazine
		Phil Gramm, who announced Tuesday that he won't run for a fourth term in 2002, has plenty of reasons to quit the Senate.
		Since Gramm launched his political career in the late '70s, he has benefited from one of the strangest prejudices of politics: that meanness is a synonym for integrity.
		Gramm, who believes you catch more flies with a grenade than with sugar, quickly learned to use the rules of the Senate to stymie rivals, and his willingness to hold up the occasional spending bill and vituperate against big government solidified his reputation as a man of principle.
	www.slate.com /id/114972 (2349 words)

	The Obstacle: Senator Who Is a Familiar Roadblock Takes Aim at a Censure Resolution
		Gramm's press secretary, Larry Neal, expressed what is doubtless the senator's self-image: "There will always be a Horatius-at-the-gate element to him." Horatius was a legendary Roman hero who, with two lone companions, held an invading Etruscan army at bay.
		Gramm's apparent lack of concern about irritating his colleagues has been the dominant characteristic of his years in Congress.
		When Gramm ran for the 1996 Republican presidential nomination, his sometimes abrasive personality came back to haunt him in the early contests in small states where personal contact with voters can be crucial.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/politics/021199impeach-gramm.html (918 words)

	Phil Gramm - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He is married to Wendy Gramm of the Mercatus Center and previously of Enron.
		Gramm was chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee during the return of a Republican majority in the Senate in 1994.
		With that majority in place, Gramm, as chairman of the Banking Committee, led passage of the Gramm-Leach Act, making changes in the banking, insurance and securities laws which Congress had kept at bay for sixty years.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Phil_Gramm (320 words)

	Washington Speakers Bureau: Phil Gramm
		Gramm cuts through the confusion of the headlines – articulating what America really has to offer the world, while exploring the political impact of globalization and trade with particular attention to the Cold War and post Cold War impact of globalization.
		Phil Gramm explores the election process from a totally different perspective – as an economist.
		Phil Gramm discusses income inequality and the politics of envy from the time of the Ancient Greeks to the contemporary political debate in America.
	www.washingtonspeakers.com /speakers/speaker.cfm?SpeakerId=4085 (442 words)

	CNN.com - Farewell, Phil Gramm - Dec. 2, 2002
		I first met Gramm when the late conservative activist Phil Nicolaides asked me to breakfast with the Texas A&M economics professor who was challenging Sen. Lloyd Bentsen in the 1976 Texas Democratic primary.
		In a city where many liberal journalists mock Gramm, he feels the news media were hostile to his presidential ambitions but not conclusive in their ruin.
		Gramm, at age 60, does not mouth the cliche politician's yearning for time with his family.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/ALLPOLITICS/12/02/column.novak.opinion.phil.gramm (684 words)

	AllRefer.com - Phil Gramm (U.S. History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Phil Gramm (William Philip Gramm), 1942–;, American politician, b.
		Gramm served in the U.S. Senate from 1985 to 2002, where he chaired (1999–2001) the banking, housing, and urban affairs committee.
		A fiscal conservative, he was a coauthor of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act in the 1980s and later supported a consitutional amendment requiring a balanced federal budget.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/GrammPh.html (246 words)

	Senator Phil Gramm's With Gets Enron Subpoena
		Wendy Gramm has been a member of Enron's board of directors for eight years and of the crucial Audit and Compliance Committee as the giant company's financial condition was deteriorating.
		Phil Gramm is the second-largest recipient in the Senate of financial contributions from Enron, receiving $97,350 from the company between 1989 and 2001, according to data provided by The Center for Responsive Politics.
		Gramm's spokesman, Larry Neal, declined comment on the subpoenas, but said Enron had nothing to do with Gramm's decision not to seek another term.
	www.rense.com /general19/en.htm (1316 words)

	Presidential Candidate Phil Gramm -- The Dark Side
		In 1979, letters signed by Phil Gramm on his congressional stationery were sent to the parole board, asking for an early release for a man, Bill Doyle, who had been repeatedly convicted on drug dealing and weapons charges.
		Gramm first claimed never to have heard of the man. When Mother Jones magazine produced letters with Gramm's signature, his office released a statement by a secretary claiming that she sent the letter out without his knowledge, forging his signature.
		Gramm used five deferments for college and marriage to stay in America while the Dickey Flatts of the world were fighting, and getting killed, overseas.
	www.realchange.org /gramm.htm (1337 words)

	Richard Nadler on Phil Gramm's retirement on National Review Online
		One of the least appreciated aspects of Phil's career is his role in the G.O.P. victory of 1994.
		In subsequent years, Gramm settled into his role as a senior statesman, working with quiet effectiveness to deregulate financial institutions, increase the efficiency of markets, and balance the conflicting interests of employers and taxpayers on the delicate subject of immigration.
		Gramm believed that the destructive incursion of government into the realm of markets was unassailable as long as deficits concealed the true cost of government programs.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-nadler090501.shtml (1242 words)

	Phil Gramm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Senator Phil Gramm (R-TX) is wanted by the The Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America (NACA) for a public debate about his position against home ownership for working people.
		Senator Gramm is out to destroy the access to home ownership that NACA provides to low and moderate income people across the United States through its No Down Payment, No Closing Costs, and Low Interest Rate Home Ownership Program.
		Phil Gramm, head of the powerful Senate Banking Committee, is trying to do what the lenders that contribute to and finance his campaigns want him to do - cleanse our neighborhoods of affordable home ownership so they can reap tremendous profits.
	www.naca.com /advocacy/120_campaigns/phil_gramm.pbl (588 words)

	John J. Pitney Jr. on Phil Gramm's retirement on National Review Online
		Gramm learned much from the "public choice" school of economics, which teaches that government has political incentives to overspend.
		Gramm did important work on the Banking Committee, which he chaired from 1999 until the Jeffords switch.
		But thanks to leaders such as Phil Gramm, the GOP is closer to Dicky Flatt than to Henry Cabot Lodge.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/comment-pitney090501.shtml (641 words)

	Phil Gramm
		Gramm pitched as hard as he could, but Dole wasn't swinging, leaving him with a huge campaign fund that couldn't convince a disinterested voting bloc.
		One of the bitterest pills Gramm ever had to swallow was leaving the race as early as he did; no candidate believed more fervently that he belonged in the Oval Office.
		Gramm is a tough campaigner, but he has generally relied on a ruthless attack strategy to win.
	www.motherjones.com /news/special_reports/election_96/gram.html (470 words)

	Washington Week . Student Voices \| PBS
		Days after Gramm announced that he would not seek re-election, political analysts and insiders speculate that some republicans were attempting to persuade Gramm to step down so Gov. Rick Perry could appoint a successor.
		Gramm announced Tuesday he would not seek re-election once his term expires, but would serve out the remainder of his term.
		Harvey Kronberg, editor of the political digest Quorum Report, said handpicking the person to fill Gramm's senate seat is bad politics because the appointed senator would not have time to build a statewide constituent base before the upcoming primaries.
	www.pbs.org /weta/washingtonweek/voices/200109/0910philgramm.html (703 words)

	TIME.com -- : Why Phil Gramm's Retirement Worries the GOP
		But Gramm may have decided to retire not just because he's done everything he wanted to do in Washington, but also because he won't be able to do much more.
		A new psychology may be taking hold in the Senate's GOP caucus, some of its members tell me. They worry that some Republican senators who have been toying with the idea of retiring may decide to do so now, with the chance of their party retaking the chamber in 2002 looking bleaker.
		Gramm has been mentioned as a successor to the departing president at Texas A&M University, where the senator once taught economics, or as a Bush pick for the Federal Reserve chairman.
	www.time.com /time/columnist/waller/article/0,9565,173719,00.html (799 words)

	Phil Gramm - Moviefone
		GRAMM, William Philip (Phil), a Representative and a Senator from Texas; born in Fort Benning, Muscogee County, Ga., July 8, 1942; attended the Muscogee...
		Phil Gramm, during his first Senate campaign against Democrat Lloyd Doggett when Gramm had just begun running against the poor.
		Phil Gramm - Filmography, Biography, News, Photos, Birth date, Relationships, Phil Gramm Film Clips, and Fun Facts on Moviefone.
	movies.aol.com /celebrity/phil-gramm/357775/main (101 words)

	The REAL Senator Phil Gramm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Right away, Gramm raised millions of dollars from bankers, real estate tycoons, and energy moguls who knew that he could be counted on to represent their interests.
		Gramm spent twenty million dollars on his campaign, much of it from individuals in the energy and finance industry.
		Gramm’s plan for government subsidized private medical insurance to replace Medicare would be a boon for insurance companies and large finance companies with insurance interests such as Citigroup, one of Gramm’s largest contributors.
	www.naca.com /advocacy/120_campaigns/articles/gramm_article.pbl (888 words)

	The Masters of Mean
		Gramm is notorious for letting Texas congressmen do all the work of getting federal projects in their districts and then stepping up to claim credit when the project is approved.
		Gramm described community groups that use the CRA as "protection rackets" that extort funds from the poor, powerless banks.
		To be fair, Gramm occasionally found it in his heart to assist the poor -- like the time he suggested that mothers on welfare would be better off working for $2.50 an hour.
	www.motherjones.com /commentary/power_plays/2002/03/mean.html (1621 words)

	village voice > news > Mondo Washington by James Ridgeway
		Gramm and his wife, Wendy, have tight links to Enron, Wendy being a director and Gramm the pusher of legislation that assisted the company during its troubles last year.
		For this, the company paid her between $915,000 and $1.85 million in stocks and dividends, as much as $50,000 in annual salary, and $176,000 in attendance fees, according to a report by Public Citizen, a group that has relentlessly tracked Enron, which in turn has called the report unfair.
		Six months later, on December 15, Gramm curiously turned up as co-sponsor of a bill with the same name, the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which did deregulate energy futures and which, without undergoing the usual committee hearings and preliminary votes, was immediately attached as a rider to an 11,000-page appropriations bill.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0203/ridgeway.php (1426 words)

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