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	Pergamum - LoveToKnow 1911
		Nothing more is recorded of the city till the time of Xenophon, when it was a small fortified town on the summit of the hill; but it had been striking coins since 420 B.C. at latest.
		In 283 B.C. Philetaerus rebelled, Lysimachus died without being able to put down the revolt, and Pergamum became the capital of a little principality.
		Partly by clever diplomacy, partly through the troubles caused by the Gaulish invasion and by the dissensions among the rival kings, Philetaerus contrived to keep on good terms with his neighbours on all sides (283-263 B.C.).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pergamum (1174 words)

	Philetaerus
		Coin, dipicting the head of Philetaerus on the obverse and seated Athena, Greek goddess of war and wisdom, on the reverse, struck during the reign of Eumenes I (263 BC–241 BC)
		Philetaerus (circa 343 BC–263 BC) was the founder of the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon in Anatolia.
		After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, Philetaerus became embroiled in the struggle for supremacy, called the Wars of the Diadochi (diadochi means "successors" in Greek) between Alexander's regional governors, Antigonus in Phrygia, Lysimachus in Thrace and Seleucus in Babylonia (among others).
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/Philetaerus.html (679 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Attalus I
		The elder Attalus was the son of a brother (also called Attalus) of both Philetaerus, the founder of the Attalid dynasty, and Eumenes, the father of Eumenes I, Philataerus' successor; he is mentioned, along with his uncles, as a benefactor of Delphi.
		Attalus' mother, Antiochis, was probably related to the Seleucid royal family (perhaps being the granddaughter of Seleucus I Nicator) with her marriage to Attalus' father likely arranged by Philetaerus to solidify his power.
		Since the time of Philetaerus, the uncle of Eumenes I and the first Attalid ruler, the Galatians had posed a problem for Pergamon, indeed for all of Asia Minor, by exacting tributes to avoid war or other repercussions.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Attalus_I (2920 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 88 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Brother of Philetaerus, founder of the kingdom of Pergamus.
		[philetaerus.] [E. (Evpeviis) of cardia, secretary to Alexander the Great, and after his death one of the most distinguised generals among his successors.
		The accounts of his origin vary considerably, some representing his father as a poor man, who was obliged to subsist by his own labour, others.as one of the most distinguished citizens of his native place.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/1196.html (946 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Philetaerus was supposed to defend this treasure and rule the city.
		Philetaerus founded a dynasty, and Pergamum inscribed its name among the most splendid ever cities of history as the capital of these rich, divine kings.
		Although the ancient city, located in the modern township of Bergama in Izmir province, may not be remembered as one of the seven wonders of the world, that it produced wonders is not in dispute.
	www.turkradio.us /1/s2004_02_10.txt (1090 words)

	Philetaerus
		Philetaerus: ruler of Pergamon (283-263), founder of the Attalid dynasty.
		In the court intrigue that plagued Lysimachus in 283 (text), Philetaerus sided with Lysandra, wife of Lysimachus' executed son Agathocles; they fled to Seleucus in Babylon.
		Philetaerus remains loyal to the House of Seleucus and is lord of Pergamon and the valley of the Caicus.
	www.livius.org /phi-php/philetaerus/philetaerus.html (148 words)

	Philetaerus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philetaerus (Greek: Φιλέταιρος, Philétairos, circa 343 BC–263 BC) was the founder of the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon in Anatolia.
		Philetaerus was a eunuch, though scholars differ on the reason for his castration.
		"Philetaerus of Tieium, was a eunuch from boyhood; for it came to pass at a certain burial, when a spectacle was being given at which many people were present, that the nurse who was carrying Philetaerus, still an infant, was caught in the crowd and pressed so hard that the child was incapacitated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philetaerus (755 words)

	CHAPTER - THYATIRA WEAKNESS MADE STRONG.
		For defense against him, a colony of Macedonian soldiers was planted at Thyatira between 300 and 282 B.C. The situation chosen implies that the Caicos Valley belonged at that moment to Lysimachus.
		Now Philetaerus governed Pergamum and guarded the treasure of Lysimachus for many years, and during that time the whole Caicos Valley would naturally go along with Pergamum, while the Hermus Valley belonged to the Seleucid realm.
		At first he was encouraged by Seleucus in order to weaken Lysimachus; but soon this bond of a common enmity was dissolved at the death of the enemy, and then Thyatira was a useful garrison to hold the road, first in the interest of the Seleucid kings and afterwards on the Pergamenian side.
	www.godrules.net /library/ramsay/44ramsay_a24.htm (2269 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		During the split of Alexander's empire this part of Anatolia fell to Lysimachus, one of the successors (Diadochi) to Alexander.
		Philetaerus did not waste time to strengthen his position, and rebuilt his city Pergamum and reinforced its defense walls built earlier by Lysimachus.
		Due to a childhood injury, having have lost his manly powers, Philetaerus never got married and had no son, so decided to adopt his nephew Eumenes as his heir to the throne of his small kingdom that he was just building.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Eumenes I
		Coin struck during the reign of Eumenes I, dipicting the head of Philetaerus (Eumenes' uncle) on the obverse and seated Athena, Greek goddess of war and wisdom, on the reverse.
		Eumenes I of Pergamon (died 241 BC), son of Eumenes the brother of the founder of the Attalid dynasty, Philetaerus.
		Eumenes was the adopted son and heir of Philetaerus, succeeding him upon his death in 263 BC, as ruler of Pergamon until his own death in 241 BC.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/EumenesI.html (461 words)

	Freefire Zone Forums - Historical Filth reprints- Eunuchs with balls
		The enterprising Philetaerus succeeded, however and for that alone he deserves a mention.
		One of life's crafty buggers, Philetaerus served under Anitigonus I Monophthalmus (successor of Alexander the Great in northern Anatolia), but swapped allegiances to his rival Lysimachus, the ruler of Thrace.
		On the death of Seleucus Philetaerus switched allefiances to Egypt.
	www.freefirezone.net /showthread.php?t=2769 (1384 words)

	262 B.C. - events and references
		Document: Burstein_84, a decree of Delphi in honour of Philetaerus and his family.
		Philetaerus claims to have discovered a medicinal plant, called polemonia or philetaeria.
		The death of Philetaerus, who is succeeded as ruler of Pergamum by his nephew Eumenes.
	www.attalus.org /bc3/year262.html (125 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great.
		One of Lysimachus' officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city in 282 BC.
		Pergamon, having entered the Greek world much later than their counterparts to the west, could not boast the same divine heritage as older city-states, and had to retroactively cultivate their place in Greek mythos.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Attalid (219 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 265 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Numerous coins are extant bearing the name of Philetaerus (of which one is given below), but it is generally considered by numismatic writers, that these, or at least many of them, were struck by the later kings of Pergamus, and that the name and portrait of Philetaerus were continued in honour of their founder.
		Other authors, however, regard the slight differences observable in the portraits which they bear, as indicating that they belong to the successive princes of the dynasty, whom they suppose to have all borne the surname or title of Philetaerus.
		According to Dicaearchus Philetaerus was the third son of Aristophanes, but others maintained that it was Nicostratus (see the Greek lives of Aristophanes, and Suid.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/2599.html (795 words)

	Pergamon History \| ema_04_package.xml
		Lysimachus used the acropolis of Pergamon to guard his riches.
		Philetaerus, at first an ally of Lysimachus, changed sides and supported Seleucus I, another of Alexander's generals, a tactic that won him the rulership of Pergamon.
		Philetaerus ruled over the kingdom from 282 to 263 BCE; his successor, his nephew Eumenes I, governed until 241 BCE and left a wealthy kingdom to his cousin Attalus I, founder of the Attalid dynasty that controlled the city-state until 133 BCE.
	www.bookrags.com /history/pergamon-ema-04 (874 words)

	Detail Page
		the Pergamenes, under their leaders Philetaerus and his adopted son Eumenes, had revolted from Seleucid rule.
		The royal dynasty of the Attalids—" the sons of Attalus"; (Philetaerus' father)—brought the city to its zenith.
		Pergamum dominated Asia Minor and became a center of Greek culture, with a royal library that was second in size only to the one at Egyptian Alexandria (1).
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=GRE0387 (317 words)

	pergamum txt
		Pergamum dates back to 1000 BC, perhaps earlier, but there is no written evidence until 399 BC when the city emerged as a power during the struggle for territorial control following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC.
		Lysimachus, one of Alexander's generals, named his most trusted lieutenant, Philetaerus, governor of Pergamum and left him 9000 talents (equal to $10,000,000 according to one source) to use for war expenses.
		Philetaerus had other ideas: In 292 BC he deserted Lysimachus and used the money to establish himself as ruler of the state of Pergamum.
	www.ourfatherlutheran.net /biblehomelands/sevenchurches/pergamum/pergamtxt.htm (2561 words)

	Pergamon, Bergama, Turkey
		Lysimachus, a successor to Alexander the Great, deposited 9,000 talents of gold for war expenses with a regional General named Philetaerus.
		The General revolted against the rule of Thrace, and when news came of the death of Lysimachus in 232 BCE, Philetaerus used the 9,000 talents to set up his own kingdom, calling it the Attalid Kingdom (named after the nephew of Philetaerus).
		The successive dynasty was celebrated in the heroon, built by the citadel gate.
	www.enjoyturkey.com /Tours/Interest/Biblicals/pergamon.htm (852 words)

	About Pergamum (Pergamon) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In the era following the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC), Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s generals, chose Pergamum as the depository for his vast wealth, placing here 9,000 talents of gold under the guardianship of his lieutenant, Philetaerus.
		Upon Lysimachus’s death, Philetaerus used this fortune and founded the independent dynasty of the Attalid Kings.
		Pergamum later became the capital of a flourishing Hellenistic kingdom and one of the principal centers of Hellenistic civilization.
	www.ephesusguide.net /pergamum.php (2261 words)

	Pergamon Summary
		The Kingdom of Pergamon (colored olive) shown at its greatest extent in 188 BC.
		The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, the father of Philetaerus who came to power in 282 BC, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome among the Hellenistic successor states.
		Under Attalus I, they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II, against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War.
	www.bookrags.com /Pergamon (1292 words)

	[No title]
		There was an ancient and influential Greek myth regarding dying, two divisions of Hell and the role music played in one’s destiny.
		The earliest explanation of this myth which we know of is found in Philetaerus (4th century BC) who explains this myth relating to the two divisions of Hell.
		It is in this context that the aulos is called for to aid in the mourning of a recent death in an earlier play by Euripides (480 — 406 BC).
	whitwellessays.com /docs/DOC_87.doc (884 words)

	Index of names: Ph
		262/10 The death of Philetaerus, who is succeeded as ruler of Pergamum by
		262/7_ in_84, a decree of Delphi in honour of Philetaerus and his family
		85/13 Dorylaus the son of Philetaerus is convicted of attempting to start
	www.attalus.org /names/ph.html (3253 words)

	Eumenes I
		Eumenes I: Attalid king of Pergamon, ruled 263-241.
		263: Succeeds Philetaerus as lord of Pergamon and the valley of the Caicus; he behaves too independent in view of the Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter, who declares war.
		Eumenes remains friendly to Antiochus' successor Antiochus II Theos; although is an ally of Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt in the Second Syrian War; and he pays tribute to the Galatians.
	www.livius.org /es-ez/eumenes/eumenes_i.html (109 words)

	Mysia, Pergamon, Philetairos, ancient coins index with thumbnails - WildWinds.com
		Diademed head right / Athena enthroned left, holding shield & spear, left elbow resting on sphinx; ivy leaf above knee, A on throne, bow outer right.
		Westermark V-IX Pergamene Kingdom, Philetaerus (274-263 BC) AR Tetradrachm.
		Head of Philetaerus right, in taenia / Athena enthroned left, resting hand on grounded shield before her, transverse spear in background, ivy leaf under extended arm, bow in outer right field, AQ monogram on throne.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/greece/mysia/pergamon/philetairos/t.html (258 words)

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