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	Philip Effiong - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Philip Effiong, also spelled Efiong, was the first Vice President and the second and last President of the now defunct Republic of Biafra, during the 30-month Nigeria-Biafra civil war, 1967-70.
		Born Obong Philip Effiong on November 18, 1928 in the British West African colony of Nigeria.
		Effiong assumed leadership on 10 January 1970 and on 12 January announced the surrender of Biafra (http://biafra.info/biafra/nigeria-biafra-civil-war-effiong-surrenders-biafra.html).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Philip_Effiong (495 words)

	Monty
		The fifth child of Major General Philip Effiong and Josephine Effiong, Philip Uko Effiong was born in Kaduna, northern Nigeria, on November 5, 1960.
		In 1988, Philip Effiong was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to pursue a Ph.D. in Theatre and Drama at the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
		Philip Effiong has taught English, writing, drama, literature, and cultural studies at the University of Calabar, the University of Wisconsin at Madison, the University of Tennessee at Martin, the University of Delaware at Newark, and Lincoln University in Pennsylvania.
	www.authorhouse.com /BookStore/ItemDetail.aspx?bookid=5475 (1823 words)

	General Philip Effiong Is Dead
		General Effiong as Chief of General Staff and next to the Head of State, General Ojukwu, fought in defense of his people to the last second of the war.
		Effiong went on to do his post commissioning training in various parts of UK and also with the British Army of the Rhine (BOAR) in Western Germany.
		Effiong played an active role in ending the war as he, as Officer Administering the Government of Biafra, surrendered to the federal government.
	www.africamasterweb.com /EffiongTheMan.html (1346 words)

	Toronto Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Philip Effiong (also spelled Efiong, November 18, 1925 — November 6, 2003) was the first Vice President and the second and last President of the now defunct Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War of 1967 to 1970.
		Born Obong Philip Effiong in the British West African colony of Nigeria, Effiong joined the Nigerian Armed Services on July 28, 1945.
		Effiong died November 6, 2003, at the age of 78.
	www.torontopost.biz /Info/?Philip_Effiong (638 words)

	Igbos in the enterprise called Nigeria
		Philip Alale a trade unionist had been commissioned and decorated with the rank of Major by the C-in-C who we were told was his in-law.
		Philip Effiongs house at the G.R.A. We both went to the Barracks collected "Shady Boy" Capt. Shedrack, the then Provost Marshal of the Army, located Philip Alale in C.I.C. where he was addressing militia outfit quartered there.
		Philip Effiong and a few other persons to go to Lagos through Port Harcourt for the formal surrender.
	www.africamasterweb.com /IgbosNwokolo.html (5223 words)

	Nigeriaworld Feature Article - Obong (General) Philip Efiong: A tribute to an uncommon Nigerian (Part 1)
		Effiong was posted to Kaduna as Acting Brigade Commander of the 1st Brigade, Nigerian Army, a post he held till the July 29, 1966 counter coup.
		But the more regrettable thing is that it appears that the same factors that affected the early days of Effiong’s tenure in the army also influenced his post-war treatment in the hands of the subsequent post-war military regimes ran by the people that he, Effiong breastfed in the army.
		Effiong’s handling of Biafra’s surrender is one of the most tactical and devoted maneuvers ever seen on the Nigerian scene.
	nigeriaworld.com /articles/2004/jan/161.html (2468 words)

	Tribute to General Philip Effiong: Hero of the Oppressed
		General Effiong is one of those rare human beings (like Mandela) in Africa whose "spirit" will endure forever.
		Subsequently, General Effiong, like Mandela, paid a heavy material price standing up for his principles and defending the oppressed when others were busy bastardizing themselves for power, money and status in Nigeria.
		That is the the legacy of General Effiong and a major lesson to all Nigerians especially Igbo efulefu.
	www.kwenu.com /publications/njoku/tribute_philipeffiong.htm (530 words)

	THISDAYonline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		Ohanaeze Youths Council (OYC) has described late Biafran war lord General Philip Effiong as a patriotic Nigerian and a first class soldier who died in penury and deprivation.
		In a press release issued by the OYC and signed by both its National Chairman Nnamdi Nwokocha and Secretary General Chuks Ibegbu respectively, the former Chief of Staff in the defunct Biafran government died without completing his book on the Biafran/Nigerian war.
		In the statement entitled "Igbo Youths Mourn General Philip Effiong" they described Effiong as a patriotic Nigerian, a first class soldier and a man who stood firmly, fought and suffered along with his people at their greatest moment of trial.
	www.thisdayonline.com /archive/2003/11/14/20031114pol06.html (174 words)

	THISDAYonline
		Festus Kayamo, accused Fawehinmi of supplying arms to the Biafran Army during the civil war through the then deputy leader of the defunct Biafran Republic, General Philip Effiong, and demanded that he should apologise to Nigerians within one week for allegedly illegally dealing in arms and ammunition and encouraging war within the Nigerian nation.
		Lucky claimed in the affidavit that he was provided the facts and information, backed with documents, by his brother, Festus, who was not only close to the human rights activist but worked in his chambers for three years.
		I think if he says that Festus Keyamo, his brother, told him all these about me, it is only proper to go to Festus to find out or General Philip Effiong he said, was involved in gun running with me, if he is still alive.
	www.thisdayonline.com /archive/2002/07/10/20020710news13.html (743 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Blinkbits.com
		Philip Charles Harris, Baron Harris of Peckham (en)
		Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4Ã¨me comte de Chesterfield (fr)
		Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (en)
	www.blinkbits.com /wikifeeds/PH?from=8100 (230 words)

	Nigeria and Biafra: My story -- Philip Effiong
		For that, I salute Dr Ugorji O Ugorji of Sungai Corp and Dr. Philip Efiong Jnr, for their effort in making the publication of this book a reality.
		However, it would have made all the difference to our gathering here today, if Obong (Gen) Philip Efiong were to be here in person.
		Gen Efiong, full name: Philip Asuquo Efiong Udo Ukpong Akpan Ekandem Essien Nkam Obionte, was a self-made man who rose through the ranks to become a Lt-Colonel in the Nigerian Army before the coup of 15 January 1966.
	www.kwenu.com /bookreview/philip_efiong.htm (2478 words)

	Official Website of Governor Chimaroke Nnamani
		This was a time it could be said that if he was hateful of Ndigbo, at all, he actually had their soft underbelly when his advancing Third Marine Division defeated the Biafra army.
		In that period, we had a situation where the deans of the Biafra regime,...especially those who had made mediations and reconciliation impossible, as the late General Philip Effiong broadcast to the Biafra nation, had voluntarily removed themselves from our midst...
		In these cases, and in such specific interactions with identifiable Igbo families, Obasanjo was never accused of, let alone be provably ascribed with, sadism, which was one common development among conquering soldiers.
	www.ebeano.org /articles/obasanjo_ndigbo_history.html (2234 words)

	Nigeria-Biafra Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		THE defunct Biafran General who signed the surrender document with Colonel Olusegun Obasanjo, Chief Phillip Effiong is dead, Radio Nigeria reported yesterday.
		Chief Effiong who held the chieftaincy title of Akakang Ibimo Ibom (the people's sword) was 78.
		Chief Effiong who was administrator of Biafra after the then Head of State of Biafra Chief Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu had fled to Cote d'Ivoire went on air on January 12, 1970 saying: "I am convinced now that a stop must be put to the bloodshed which is going on as a result of the war.
	biafra.info /biafra/nigeria-biafra-civil-war-philip-effiong-passes-away.html (316 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Philip Effiong
		Or else, you can start by choosing any of the categories below.
		Effiong assumed leadership on 10 January 1970 and on 12 January announced the surrender of Biafra.
		I am also convinced that the suffering of our people must be brought to an immediate end." [1]
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Philip_Effiong (641 words)

	Newswatch magazine
		Obasanjo was commander, 3rd Marine Commando Division which prosecuted the final battle that led to the capitulation of Biafran rebellion in January 1970.
		It is significant that Obasanjo persuaded Major-General Philip Effiong, then Biafran administrator to renounce secession and re-embrace the cause of one Nigeria.
		This marked the end of the civil war and the beginning of process of reconciliation, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
	www.newswatchngr.com /editorial/allaccess/bob/10306151011.htm (1110 words)

	BNW Magazine: Biafra Nigeria World :: Requiem for General Philip Effiong::: by Nnamdi Nwuda
		People’s General Effiong is a different breed; Peoples General Effiong came from the old school.
		People’s General Effiong is from the time when men were still called honorable and they merited the Honor.
		Phillip Effiong is gone, but he will live in our hearts and in history forever.
	magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com /nnwuda/2003nov17.html (1899 words)

	Books By Philip Effiong
		To locate any of these texts on the Web, simply click on its icon.
		Philip Efiong I, who died on 6 November 2003
		Published by University Press of America in 2000,
	www.philip-effiong.com /My_Books (290 words)

	cede - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		If you resolve to give up smoking, drinking and loving, you don't actually live longer; it just seems longer.
		Organized resistance in Nigeria's 30-month, bitterly fought civil war ended January 12 with a declaration of surrender over Biafran radio by Major General Philip Effiong.
		At first, the progress of Burgoyne’s invasion force was impeded by troops commanded by General Philip Schuyler.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/searchdetail.aspx?q=cede&pg=7&grp=art (396 words)

	The Secession that Failed \| TIME
		Said Effiong, in a simple act of fealty to Major General Yakubu Gowon, Nigeria's head of state and commander of its armed forces: "We are firm, we are loyal Nigerian citizens, and we accept the authority of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria.
		The refugees were loaded aboard a Superconstellation that took off for a destination that had still not been disclosed a full week later; various reports placed Ojukwu in Lisbon; Libreville, capital of Gabon; and the Ivory Coast.
		His flight left Effiong in command of a crumbling region, desperately short of food and medicine and totally shorn of the will to continue its doomed rebellion.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,878714,00.html (703 words)

	Nigeriaworld -- Tribute to General Philip Effiong: A Biafran hero is gone
		Nigeriaworld -- Tribute to General Philip Effiong: A Biafran hero is gone
		I have wondered if they [Rich Nigerians] understand that by simply bringing their fellow rich ones together and pulling their resources together, they could build state of the art medical clinics....
		Throughout history, injured people have had to resort to arms in their self-defense where peaceful negotiations fail.
	nigeriaworld.com /columnist/uzokwe/111003.html (423 words)

	The Soul Of An Artist Unveiled
		Born in Lagos, western Nigeria, on November 5, 1957, the artist featured here, Valentine Efiong, is the first son and third child of Major General Philip and Josephine Efiong.
		Valentine began exhibiting remarkable artistic talent from when he was five years old.
		He will also be glad to work with you if you would want to own any of these pieces.
	www.geocities.com /valentineefiong_nigerian_artist/index (294 words)

	TRIBUTE TO OUR DEPARTED HERO GEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		We are gathered here today to pay our respects to Obong Philip Effiong, the man who stood firmly with all Biafrans and with his people, and fought valiantly for their protection and preservation when Nigerian vandals threatened to exterminate them.
		Those principles, values and beliefs you and other veterans so eloquently stood and fought for shall never be swept away.
		When the history of this great Nation shall be written in concrete the polished bronze statue of General Philip Effiong shall stand majestically in the hallowed pantheon alongside other great Biafran Leaders for you are one of the symbols of a peoples will to fight genocide and planned extermination.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /tarticles/tribute_to_our_departed_hero_gen.htm (672 words)

	Nigeriaworld -- Tribute to General Philip Effiong: A Biafran hero is gone
		TRIBUTE TO GENERAL PHILIP EFFIONG: A BIAFRAN HERO IS GONE
		Memorable lines from the radio broadcast made by General Philip Effiong on January 10th 1970
		I appeal to all governments to give urgent help for relief and to prevail on the Federal Military Government to order their troops to stop all military operations
	www.nigeriaworld.com /columnist/uzokwe/111003.html (423 words)

	Untitled Document
		Although people like former Army Chief, General Victor Malu would loathe his meteoric rise to the rank of general after spending just 18 years of service, scholars of soldering and war say Obasanjo performed a feat, threading the path of Allied commander in the Second World War, General Mac Arthur.
		Like Arthur who collected surrender papers from the defeated Axis forces commanders, Obasanjo who took over the dreaded Third Marine Commando from Brigadier Benjamin Adekunle, did the same from Biafran commanders led by Colonel Philip Effiong at the end of the Nigerian Civil War in 1970.
		Walking through this labyrinth of the burden of history, Obasanjo did say he would surprise his countrymen who were groaning under the throes of a bungled economy and the reek of virtual breakdown in social infrastructure in the world’s sixth largest oil producing country.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/d_gleanernewsonline/burden.html (1001 words)

	Snapshot, Africa: Nigeria
		Under Brigadiers Adekunle, Obasanjo and Murtala Mohammed a systematic and amphibous battle plan that comprised saturated air bombings and starvation forced the Biafran rebels to capitulate.
		On the 15 of January, left with the choice of surrender and the total destruction of the Biafran populace, Philip Effiong, Chief of Staff of the rebel army accepted the terms of surrender before Yakubu Gowon, Head of the Northern dominated federal government.
		In 1975, a bloodless coup swept Gowon aside and brought Murtala Ramat Mohammed to power, who promised a return to civilian rule.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Africaweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Africa34.htm (834 words)

	February 28 2004
		While the other empty barrels made their noise for scores of minutes and reveled in hearing their own voices in the name of speech-making, the wise Biafran General spoke for just 10 minutes, more or less, to remind us of clear and present danger for Biafrans while we live in
		Such is our hero and champion, the quintessential Biafran that we know as General Philip Effiong.
		They stand in stark contradistinction to what General Effiong represented and portrayed as a Biafran.
	www.biafraland.com /NewsAnalysis2004/newsanalysis022804.htm (1266 words)

	The Nigeria-Biafra War Letters - Excerpts
		When the 3rd Marine Commando Division retook Owerri for the second time, Biafran resistance collapsed.
		General Philip Effiong of the Biafran Army handed over the Biafran surrender to the newly appointed General officer Commanding the 3rd Marine Commandos, the Biafran head of state General Ojukwu having fled to the Ivory Coast to- as he is reported to have expressed it- ‘search for peace’.
		General Philip Effiong had called for an immediate, unconditional cease-fire January 12 and submitted to the authority of the federal government at ceremonies in Lagos January 15 1970.
	www.blackscorpion.org /excerpt.html (1152 words)

	BNW Magazine: Biafra Nigeria World Magazine: INSIGHT:: Features and Analysis @ BiafraNigeriaWorld
		Biafra Movement - A Report (4): A Report to the People's General, Maazi Philip Effiong (Obong) - Putting it all Together
		Biafra Movement - A Report (2): A Report to the People's General, Maazi Philip Effiong (Obong) - Ideology
		Biafra Movement - A Report (1): A Report to the People's General, Maazi Philip Effiong (Obong)
	magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com (1358 words)

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