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Topic: Philip of Spain

	Philip III of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philip III (Spanish: Felipe III) (April 14, 1578 – March 31, 1621) was the king of Spain and Portugal and Algarves (as Philip II Portuguese: Filipe II), from 1598 until his death.
		Philip III married Margaret, sister of Ferdinand II.
		Born at Madrid, the son of Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife, Anne, daughter of the emperor Maximilian II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain (412 words)

	Philip II of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philip sought an alliance with the Kingdom of England, marrying the Catholic Queen Mary I of England in 1554.
		Unlike England, Spain was subject to separate assemblies: the Cortes in Castile along with the assembly in Navarre and three for each of the three regions of Aragon, each of which jealously guarded their traditional rights and laws inherited from the time they were separate kingdoms.
		Philip's interventions in the fighting - sending Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma to relieve the siege of Paris in 1590, and again into Rouen in 1592 - to aid the Catholic faction, was disastrous in terms of the Dutch Revolt, allowing the Dutch forces opportunities time to regroup and refortify their defenses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain (2859 words)

	Philip II (of Spain) - MSN Encarta
		Philip II (of Spain) (1527-1598), Habsburg king of Spain (1556-1598), who ruled the country at the height of its power and influence and used that power in the service of the Roman Catholic Church and the Counter-Reformation.
		Philip was born in Valladolid on May 21, 1527, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal and was educated by Roman Catholic clergymen, whose influence shaped his policies as king.
		Shortly after Philip's accession, the Spanish forces were victorious over the French at the battles of Saint-Quentin (1557) and Gravelines (1558), and the 60-year war with France was concluded by the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which was highly favourable to Spain.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570884/Philip_II_(of_Spain).html (531 words)

	Philip II of Spain
		Philip was the son of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.
		Philip's third marriage, with Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559, was the result of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which, for a generation, ended the open wars between Spain and France.
		Philip had received the Duchy of Milan from Charles V in 1540 and the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily in 1554 on the occasion of his marriage to Mary of England.
	sapiens.ya.com /jrcuadra/tx-philp.htm (1254 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Philip II was made King of Naples and Sicily and his marriage to Mary Tudor was arranged.
		Philip II had ensured that he was present at each birth and, though disappointed with daughters, Isabella had come to mean more to him than anyone else in his family.
		In 1581 Philip II was recognised as King of Portugal but The Netherlands declared that they had replaced him with the French Duke of Anjou; and when this Duke announced that he was engaged to Queen Elizabeth of England, Philip II's enemies united.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/bio/philip2ofspainbio.html (2171 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philip II (King of Spain)
		At a solemn conference held at Brussels, 22 Oct., 1555, Charles V ceded to Philip the Low Countries, the crowns of Castille, Aragon, and Sicily, on 16 Jan., 1556, and the countship of Burgundy on the tenth of June.
		Philip granted this on the most favourable terms and the Duke of Alva was even obliged to ask the pope's pardon for having invaded the Pontifical States.
		Philip wished to force them to renounce their language and dress, whereupon they revolted and engagedin a bloody struggle against Spain which lasted three years (1567-70) until ended by Don Juan, natural son of Charles V.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12002a.htm (1829 words)

	Philip of Spain
		Philip was to remain for the rest of his life a devotee of dancing, court festivities, and rites of chivalry.
		Philip took a close interest in the question (which we shall touch on later), and introduced a procedure by which formal opinions would be expressed individually, so as to guide his own decision-making.
		Philip stressed that he had consulted with his advisers and they had agreed (the failure of 1538 was in their minds) that it would be futile to convene the Cortes of Castile.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/k/kamen-philip.html (9100 words)

	Philip II (of Spain) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Philip II (of Spain) (1527-1598), Habsburg king of Spain (1556-1598), who ruled the country at the height of its power and influence and used that...
		Spain (in Spanish, España), officially Kingdom of Spain, constitutional monarchy in south-west Europe, occupying the greater part of the Iberian...
		Philip II (of France) (1165-1223), king of France (1180-1223), one of the most powerful European monarchs of the Middle Ages.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Philip_II_(of_Spain).html (185 words)

	Philip III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		1621, Madrid), king of Spain and of Portugal (as Philip II) whose reign (1598-1621) was characterized by a successful peaceful foreign policy in western Europe and internally by the expulsion of the Moriscos (Christians of Moorish ancestry) and government by the King's favourites.
		Philip was the son of Philip II of Spain by his fourth consort, his Habsburg cousin Anna of Austria.
		Philip's government continued a policy of hostility to the Turks, and in Italy it faced the rivalry of the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Savoy.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /tours/spain/philip3.html (349 words)

	Monarchy - Philip II of Spain
		Philip was the only son and heir of Holy Roman emperor Charles V. When his father abdicated in 1556, he inherited a vast empire, including territory in Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and the New World.
		To Philip, his marriage to the English queen Mary in 1554 was simply an alliance of two Catholic realms against the growing Protestantism of much of Europe.
		Philip toyed with the idea of marrying Mary's half-sister Elizabeth, the new queen, but his plans fell through.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/M/monarchy/biogs/philip_ii.html (392 words)

	Archontology.org: History of PHILIP of Spain (King of England): presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		Philip was the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Karl V (Carlos I of Spain) and Isabella of Portugal.
		Philip's royal authority as king-consort was limited by the marriage treaty (see note 2) and his subordinate status was defined in a number of parliamentary acts.
		Karl V resigned the Netherlands (21 Oct 1555) and the kingdoms of Spain and the Spanish overseas empire (16 Jan 1556) in favor of Philip.
	www.archontology.org /nations/england/king_england/philip.php (277 words)

	Spain - Charles V and Philip II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Philip II was a Castilian by education and temperament.
		Spain was also Europe's preeminent military power, with occasion to exercise its strength on many fronts--on land in Italy, Germany, North Africa, and the Netherlands, and at sea against the Dutch, French, Turks, and English.
		Spain was the military and diplomatic standard-bearer of the CounterReformation.
	countrystudies.us /spain/8.htm (906 words)

	Philip II of Spain - Rijksmuseum
		When the latter abdicated in 1555, Philip inherited the crown of Spain and the Netherlands.
		Philip's policies were dominated by his defence of the Catholic
		By the time Philip died in 1598, Spain's days as the world's leading power were drawing to a close.
	www.rijksmuseum.nl /aria/aria_encyclopedia/00049510?lang=en (366 words)

	Philip II of Spain - Timeline Index
		Philip II, king of Spain and Portugal, was born at Valladolid, the only son of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.
		Philip II, the self-proclaimed leader of Counter-Reformation, assumed the throne in 1556 with a great deal of potential, inheriting from his uncle Ferdinand the Habsburg lands in Austria together with the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire, thus inheriting the Netherlands, Franche-Comté, Naples, Sicily, and Milan.
		Philip the Handsome, (Felipe el Hermoso - Filips de Schone) was the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. Through his mother Mary of Burgundy he inherited the great...
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/697 (379 words)

	Spain - War of the Spanish Succession
		The acceptance of the Spanish crown by Philip V in the face of counterclaims by Archduke Charles of Austria, who was supported by England and the Netherlands, was the proximate cause of the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-14), the first "world war" fought by European powers.
		The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) brought the war to a close and recognized the Bourbon succession in Spain on the condition that Spain and France would never be united under the same crown.
		Spain emerged from the war with its internal unity and colonial empire intact, but with its political position in Europe weakened.
	countrystudies.us /spain/11.htm (291 words)

	Music for Philip of Spain and his four wives - Reviews
		In Philip of Spain (Signum SIGCD006) the equally cosmopolitan, Oxford-based consort charivari agréable have put together a wide-ranging programme of music from that era to mark the 400th anniversary of the king's death.
		Philip had an English connection, with an inauspicious marriage to Mary I and the launch of the hapless Armada, and the consort manage to include a couple of home-grown pieces, including the virtuosic echo-viol gem A Soldiers Resolution by Tobias Hume.
		King Philip’s wives were Mary of Portugal in 1543, Mary Tudor 1554, Isabella of France in 1559 and Elizabeth of Valois.
	www.signumrecords.com /catalogue/sigcd006/reviews.htm (1157 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Philip II of Spain Habsburg
		Philip II (of Spain), Habsburg king of Spain who ruled the country at the height of its power and influence and used that power in the service of the Roman Catholic church and the Counter Reformation.
		Philip married Maria of Portugal, daughter of John III of Portugal and Katherina Habsburg, on 12 Nov 1543 in Salamanca,, Castilla y León, Spain.
		Philip next married Elizabeth de France, daughter of Henry II of France de Valois and Catherine of Florence de Medici, in 1559 in Toledo, Spain.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/3271.htm (818 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		Philip's present policy was to prevent this, and to effect the isolation of England by joint French and Spanish action, while behind the back of his allies he was striving to persuade Elizabeth that he, and not France, was her real friend.
		Philip and his advisers knew to their cost that Drake had formed a new system, depending upon the power of the English craft to evade grappling and employ their superior artillery upon the enemy's hull; but all this knowledge was useless, for Philip's mind was impervious to new ideas.
		Philip had therefore failed completely in the two primary and most obvious points of his policy ; and it was evident that, whatever happened, Spain could not hope to regain or retain her commanding political position by means of forcing religious uniformity upon all Christendom.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh315.html (18052 words)

	Philip of Spain
		Perhaps it was Warren Carroll's portrait of Philip in his Christendom series, or Hillaire Belloc's view, both of which tended to paint Philip as the tragically ineffectual hero of Catholic Europe, standing in the breach against both the heretic and the Turk, and only partially saving Europe while dooming his own Empire.
		"Philip the Bureaucrat" would seem to be an apt title for a King paralyzed by paperwork, and unable to govern his vast realms due to slow communication, shifty underlings, and a byzantine political system that only Umberto Eco could love.
		Philip was the greatest Spanish King ever (his father, Charles, was not truly Spanish), possibly upstaged only by Juan Carlos, the current modern ruler.
	blog.markwshead.com /info2/Philip-of-Spain.html (1678 words)

	Philip II of Spain quiz -- free game
		Philip II was the son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal.
		Philip is perhaps best known for sending the Armada to attack England in 1588, but who commanded the fleet?
		Philip was at the time also fighting a bloody colonial war in Main- land Europe, where was this war occuring?
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=28076 (180 words)

	2.4 Decline of Spain under Philip II
		Philip could not concentrate on many things together at the same time though he was involved in several projects.
		Philip’s constant exploitation of the already limited resources of the country due to his foreign wars drove the people to the verge of extreme poverty.
		Spain was already preoccupied with internal conflicts, yet it undertook the conquest and occupation of the two American continents.
	www.pinkmonkey.com /studyguides/subjects/euro_his/chap2/e0202401.htm (777 words)

	King Phillip II of Spain
		It was the quarrel between Phillip of Spain and Queen Elizabeth I that led to the Spanish Armada being sent to England.
		Philip banned the Protestant religion in all of the countries he ruled.
		Philip disliked the English because of the 'pirates' such as Drake and Raleigh.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /phillipofspain.htm (338 words)

	Philip ll of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Hapsburg king of Spain, Philip II used his position to promote the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
		Before he was king of Spain, Philip was married to Mary Tudor, queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII and half sister to Elizabeth I. In 1556 he inherited Spain, its dominions in Italy and the New World, and the Netherlands.
		Despite this, the Spanish Empire reached its greatest extent and power during Philip's reign and his magnificent palace, El Escorial, in which he died, is one of Europe's greatest architectural monuments.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/p/philip/a83.html (171 words)

	Overstock.com, save up to 80% every day!
		Philips forty-six-year reign, briefly curtailed in 1724 when he abdicated in favor of his short-lived son, Louis I, was one of the most important in the countrys history.
		Philip also encouraged literature, the creative arts, and music in ways that brought Spanish culture closer in touch with Europe, and he dealt authoritatively with issues concerning the autonomy of the provinces of Spain and the role of the monarchy itself.
		Kamens account of Philip as king provides an essential introduction to the study of early eighteenth-century Spain and the Bourbon monarchy.
	www.overstock.com /sm-philip-v-of-spain--pg-PROFRAME_pi-320221_ti-82125.html (417 words)

	Philip II, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily: Philip's Reign
		Although Philip was a devout Roman Catholic who sought to repress heresy whenever feasible, he subordinated religious questions to his political aims.
		The only major military success of Philip's later reign was the conquest of Portugal, to which he had a claim as the son of Isabella of Portugal, daughter of Manuel I. When King Henry of Portugal died (1580) without issue, Alba overran the country, and Philip was recognized as king by the Portuguese Cortes.
		The main stage of Spanish colonial expansion was completed before Philip's accession; during his reign, however, the Spanish established colonies and garrisons in the present S United States and conquered the Philippine Islands (named for the king).
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0860342.html (537 words)

	Philip V, king of Spain
		Spain's foreign policy continued to be governed to a large extent by dynastic ambition and became successful so far as the house of
		Under Philip, Spain began to recover from the economic stagnation of the 17th cent., especially after the rise (1743) of the reforming minister
		Philip II of Spain champion of catholicism: David McKinnon-Bell assesses the degree to which Philip II's policies were motivated by......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0838767.html (460 words)

	King Philip IV of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Philip was born on April 8, 1905, at Valladolid, Spain, the son of King Philip III of Spain and Margaret, sister of the emperor Ferdinand II.
		In 1621, he accessed the throne of Spain, Naples, and Sicily as Philip IV and on the throne of Portugal as Philip III.
		In "Treasure Under Glass", Scrooge evocates the fact that Captain Francisco Melian had been hired by King Philip IV to find and bring back to treasure of the Armada, sunk with a galleon in 1622.
	goofy313g.free.fr /calisota_online/exist/philipIVsp.html (350 words)

	Amazon.com: Philip of Spain: Books: Henry Kamen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The author often disagrees with much of the classic beliefs about Philip's personality; for example, his supposed solemnity and predilection for fl (Kamen notes that the king was rarely out of mourning).
		However, regarding Philip's reputed cruelty, Kamen says he was hard but "restrained the severity of his officials on numberless occasions," yet he fails to enumerate these occasions.
		Philip of Spain is a fine achievement, and should be taken very seriously by scholars.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0300078005?v=glance (1756 words)

	King Philip IV (of Spain) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The painting is a copy of Diego Velázquez's "King Philip IV as a Huntsman" which is hanging at the Prado.
		Sargent must have copied this work on one of his trips to Spain.
		The date is a guess by me but 1879 coincides with one of his trips to the Prado.
	www.jssgallery.org /Paintings/King_Philip_IV_of_Spain.htm (79 words)

	Biography of Philip V of Spain (1683-1746) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Until the last minute Philip wanted to enjoy those delights, which he could not know again for a long time, without sinning.
		He had to be torn from his wife's deathbed.
		This bio of Philip V of Spain uses frames.
	www.xs4all.nl /~kvenjb/madmonarchs/philip5/philip5_bio.htm (40 words)

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