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| | Crusader States, Kings of Jerusalem & Cyprus, Templars, Hospitallers, Israel, etc. |
 | | While the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and King Philip II Augustus of France went on the Crusade, Frederick died on the way, Philip soon left, and operations were mainly conducted by a third monarch, the King of England, Richard I, the Lion-Heart. |
 | | After robbing and expelling Lombard bankers and the Jews, Philip conceived the scheme of suppressing the Templars, many of whom had died not twenty years previously vainly defending the last of the Kingdom of Jerusalem against the Mamlûks, accusing them of all sorts of outrageous crimes, and then confiscating their wealth. |
 | | At the death of Isabella, Philip II of Taranto, a son of Charles II was then able to set aside her second husband, Philip of Savoy, and her daughter, Matilda, and return Achaea to the Anjevians. |
| www.friesian.com /outremer.htm (14277 words) |
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