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	Philip IV, king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Philip asserted his right to tax the clergy for the defense of the realm, thus making permanent a special tax permitted by the popes for support of crusades.
		The conflict was revived by the arrest and condemnation by the king’s court (1301) of Bishop Bernard Saisset.
		Philip, in retaliation, convoked the nobility, clergy, and commons in the first French States-General (1302–3) to hear a justification of his course of action; and Boniface issued (1302) the bull Unam sanctam, an extreme statement of his right to intervene in temporal and religious matters.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ph/Philip4-Fr.html (452 words)

	Warrior Challenge. Knights. Time Capsule \| PBS
		Knighthood was becoming an inherited order and the costs of maintaining a knight's status were on the increase - a campaign to a foreign land reportedly rich in gold, silver and precious jewels stirred images of rich ransoms, booty and the prospect of being paid to fight, a growing occurrence despite the prevailing feudal obligations.
		A knight who decided to embark on a Crusade officially became a Crusader after swearing to enter Jerusalem and pray at the Holy Sepulchre, where Jesus is thought to have been buried.
		Exposure to the outside world and knights from other parts of Europe broadened their outlook, fueled nascent senses of national identity and strengthened the identity of the knight as holy warriors, whose role was sanctioned by the all-powerful Church as milites Christi, or knights of Christ.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/warriorchallenge/knights/time.html (1204 words)

	Knights Templar - Crystalinks
		In 1118, during the reign of Baldwin II, Hugues de Payens, a knight of Champagne, and eight companions bound themselves by a perpetual vow, taken in the presence of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, to defend the Christian kingdom.
		Philip the Fair made a preliminary inquiry, and, on the strength of so-called revelations of a few unworthy and degraded members, secret orders were sent throughout France to arrest all the Templars on the same day (13 October, 1307), and to submit them to a most rigorous examination.
		Philip the Fair took advantage of the discovery to have bestowed upon himself by the University of Paris the title of Champion and Defender of the Faith, and also to stir up public opinion at the States General of Tours against the heinous crimes of the Templars.
	www.crystalinks.com /templars1.html (4604 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crusades
		These members, whether knights drawn from the nobility, bailiffs, clerks, or chaplains, pronounced the three monastic vows but it was chiefly to the war against the Saracens that they pledged themselves.
		Nevertheless these Western knights, isolated amid Mohammedans and forced, because of the torrid climate, to lead a life far different from that to which they had been accustomed at home, displayed admirable bravery and energy in their efforts to save the Christian colonies.
		In 1336 King Philip VI of France, whom the pope had appointed leader of the crusade, collected a fleet at Marseilles and was preparing to go to the East when the news of the projects of Edward III caused him to return to Paris.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04543c.htm (14243 words)

	Knights of Templar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Knights Templar were the manifestation of a "new chivalry" which united the seemingly incompatible roles of monk and warrior.
		The knights were charged with the sins of greed and pride, and these accusations became serious with fall of Acre in 1291.
		The Knights Templar represent a chivalric impulse to seek the ideal in the face of opposition, whether it be the Cid's perfect loyalty, the bottomless depth of Tristan's and Iseult's love, or the divine goodness of Christ.
	faculty.smu.edu /bwheeler/Ency/templar.html (1318 words)

	The Templar Knights
		Although the original knights were said to protect pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem, they were in greater probability searching for hidden treasures of the long destroyed Temple in Jerusalem.
		Their constitution foresaw four types of members: the Knights from noble origin were doing the fighting, the Sergeants were helping the Knights, the Priests were in charge of the religious duties and the servants or helpers were doing the menial jobs.
		Philip was successful in ridding the Templars of their power and wealth and urged all fellow Christian leaders to do the same thing.
	www.users.bigpond.com /MSN/gary_fletcher/templar.html (756 words)

	Amazon.ca: Knights: Books: Philip Steele (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Everything a young person could want to know about knights is included: shields, scutcheons, jousts, castles, sieges, chivalry and fearless steeds, all depicted in a colorful abundance of detailed battlescapes, scenarios and maps.
		The knight in shining armor may have disappeared from the battlefield, but rides on in an ageless fascination shared by children and people of all ages.
		Knights is a gorgeous book chock full of interesting data about knights from all over the world and their weaponry, coat of arms, armor, and the age of chivalry over a thousand year span, as well as bits about what life was like for common folk, in an easy to read and reference format.
	www.amazon.ca /Knights-Philip-Steele/dp/0753451549 (448 words)

	Philip IV - 1268 - 1314 \| The Knights Templar \| www.templarhistory.com
		Philip "Le Bel" called Philip the Fair was born in the year 1268, 0ne hundred and fifty years after the formation of the Knights Templar and was King of France from 1285-1314.
		Philip Le Bel, in contrast to his pleasing looks, was a cold and secretive man who had strong wishes for France to be the head of the empire.
		Philip the Fair, accuser of the Templars died in 1314, perhaps helping to perpetuate some of the myths of occultism surrounding the Templar knights.
	www.templarhistory.com /philip.html (772 words)

	Friday the 13th - Crystalinks
		Some also say that the arrest of Jaques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templar, and 60 of his senior knights on Friday, October 13, 1307 by King Philip IV of France is the origin of this superstition.
		King Philip IV of France was known as an uncommonly handsome man. He was called Philip le Bel, the Beautiful, an ironic epithet for a king of Gothic pitilessness.
		The permanent knights of the Paris Temple may have suspected that his intentions were less than pious and did something almost unspeakable: they flballed the king.
	www.crystalinks.com /friday13th.html (1444 words)

	This Day in History: October 13, 1307......Hundreds of Knights Templar Arrested
		But Philip used his influence over Clement V, who was largely his pawn, to disband the order and remove its ecclesiastical status and protection in order to plunder it.
		A member of the Capetian dynasty, Philip was born at the Palace of Fontainebleau at Seine-et-Marne, the son of King Philip III and Isabella of Aragon.
		Philip was nicknamed the Fair (le Bel) because of his handsome appearance.
	aproudliberal1.blogspot.com /2006/10/october-13-1307hundreds-of-knights.html (401 words)

	Knights Templar
		The dress uniform of the fraternity was thus: the unmarried and dominant knights wore a white mantle with a large Latin red cross on the back while a fl or brown mantle with a red cross was worn by others.
		Among the accusations of heresy and immorality were claims that the Knights engaged in devil worship and homosexuality.
		The Knights were said to have worshipped the idol Baphomet.
	www.themystica.com /mystica/articles/k/knight_templars.html (744 words)

	History of the Knights Templar - Chapter X
		King Philip's officers, indeed, not content with their inhuman cruelty towards the living, invaded the sanctity of the tomb; they dragged a dead Templar, who had been Treasurer of the Temple at Paris, from his grave, and burnt the mouldering corpse as a heretic.
		The four knights, loaded with chains and surrounded by guards, were then brought upon the scaffold by the provost, and the bishop of Alba read their confessions aloud in the presence of the assembled populace.
		King Philip was no sooner informed of the result of this strange proceeding, than, upon the first impulse of his indignation, without consulting either pope, or bishop, or ecclesiastical council, he commanded the instant execution of both these gallant noblemen.
	www.phoenixmasonry.org /history_of_the_knights_templar/chapter_10.htm (6935 words)

	thePeerage.com - Exhibit
		Louis made him a knight; and so great was his power in his own duchy that Henry II had to march thither in person, till Richard, chased from castle to castle, flung himself at his father's feet (23 Sept. 1174).
		Philip sent a pressing message urging Richard to cease from conquests on his own account, and join the other crusaders before Acre; but the summons was disregarded; open war on Cyprus was declared, and by 31 May the island was subdued.
		Meanwhile Philip had been clamouring for the delivery of his sister Alice (25 Dec. 1192); and his hostility to Richard was so well known that the emperor wrote him news of that king's captivity within a week of the event.
	www.thepeerage.com /e29.htm (7523 words)

	Knights Templars - ProvenceBeyond
		The order of the Knights Templars was created a few years after the Knights Hospitalers, in roughly the same place and for similar reasons.
		The Templars were called the Knights of the Red Cross, with their symbol of a red cross on a white field.
		The Knights Templars were based in Acre for a century: in 1291, Acre fell to the Muslims, with Grand Master William de Beaujue dying in the battle.
	www.beyond.fr /history/templars.html (1344 words)

	Who Were The Knights Templar? \| The Knights Templar \| www.templarhistory.com
		The answer to the question, who were the Knights Templar is likely to generate a variety of opinions, depending upon who answers the question.
		It is generally agreed that Philip IV was envious of the Templar's wealth and sought to secure it for himself.
		On October 13, 1307 Philip had the Templars arrested on grounds of heresy; since this was the only charge that would allow the seizing of their money and assets.
	www.templarhistory.com /who.html (621 words)

	Who were the Knights Templar?
		The Knights Templar were given the Temple Mount in Jerusalem as their headquarters, and there are many legends of the Templars excavating the many tunnels beneath the Temple Mount in search of Biblical treasures and artifacts.
		Primarily due to a financial dispute with King Philip IV, of France, the Knights Templar were ordered to be disbanded by Pope Clement V. Many of the Knights Templar were arrested, tortured until they confessed to unimaginable crimes, and then burned at the stake as heretics.
		The unfounded and baseless legend goes that the Knights Templar found evidence that Jesus was married the Mary Magdalene, and they flmailed the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the legendary wealth of the Knights Templar.
	www.gotquestions.org /Knights-Templar.html (299 words)

	The Knights Templar: Templar History from Bernard of Clairvaux to Dan Brown
		The Knights Templar, long infamous in legend as either occult sorcerers or fanatical holy warriors, were formed in Jerusalem in 1119 by a group of veterans of the First Crusade.
		Though afraid of Philip, Clement eventually ordered in 1312 that the Templars merely be disbanded, not condemned, transferring their property to the Hospitallers.
		Furious, Philip ordered the Templars' Grand Master and Preceptor of Normandy burned at the stake in 1314 for daring to recant the confessions they made under torture and speak out against their imprisonment.
	medievalhistory.suite101.com /article.cfm/the_knights_templar (458 words)

	Knights Templars - All Empires
		The Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon or The Poor Fellow Soldiers of Jesus Christ was founded in 1118 by Hugues de Payens (Hugh of Payns) and eight other knights, whose original task was to protect the pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem.
		The other knights were Geoffrey de St. Omer (Godfrey of St. Omer), Payen de Montdidier, Archambaud de St. Agnan, Andre de Montbard, Geoffrey Bison, and two men recorded only by the names of Rossal and Gondamer.
		However, Armand de Périgord, the Master of the Temple, the Marshal of the Temple, the archbishop of Tyre, the bishop of Lydda and Ramla (St. George), and John and William, sons of Bohemond, Lord of Botron, were all killed.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=knights_templars (2181 words)

	St. Philip Parish in Clifton to be honored for helping children of Northern Ireland
		This has been the very scene for 20 years at St. Philip's as the meeting place for kids from Ireland to be united with their host families.
		Because of St. Philip's commitment and dedication to Project Children for the past two decades, the Clifton chapter of Project Children will hold its annual fund-raiser at the parish to present the entire membership with the Project Children Humanitarian Award.
		They will also be giving the same award to the St. Philip's Knights of Columbus for their continued dedicated service.
	www.patersondiocese.org /page.cfm?Web_ID=1725 (750 words)

	Knights Templar - Discover Their Secrets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Others have claimed that the Knights Templar was actually a secret society that was attempting to revive gnostic beliefs.
		Templar Knights also fought alongside King Louis VII of France, King Richard the Lion-Hearted, and in battles in Spain and Portugal.
		In 1312, under pressure from King Philip, Pope Clement V officially disbanded the Order at the Council of Vienne, and in 1314 the remaining Templar leaders in France were executed, some by being burned at the stake.
	knights-templar-secrets.com (556 words)

	DeMolay International - Biography of Jacques DeMolay
		The Knights Templar was an organization sanctioned by the Roman Catholic Church in 1128 to guard the road between Jerusalem and Acre, an important port city on the Mediterranean Sea.
		Instead of public support, however, the Knights attracted the attention of powerful lords, who were interested in obtaining their wealth and power.
		King Philip ordered them both to be burned at the stake that day, and thus the story of Jacques DeMolay became a testimonial to loyalty and friendship.
	www.demolay.org /history/people/demolay/index.shtml (463 words)

	Deschutes Public Library - Days of the Knights
		Immersed in tales of knights and dragons and sorcerers and damsels in distress, Senor Quexada proclaims himself a knight and sets out on his first adventure against some nearby windmills that he thinks are giants.
		The fearsome knight Horace tries to prove to his niece that he is as good as his brother, the King, while all she really wants is someone to help her stop missing her father.
		The apprenticeship and equipping of a knight, the knight at war, crusading knights, tournaments, knights of fortune and manor administration.
	www.dpls.lib.or.us /Page.asp?NavID=436 (1787 words)

	Crisis Magazine
		As a ruler, Philip was harsh, saturnine, and austere.
		Philip’s knights had ranged into the New World and were carving out a vast empire, its extent virtually beyond imagining, whence came gold and other treasures.
		Philip was no friend of the Mohammedan, and the Mussulmen remained a persistent threat to Spain’s possession of Naples and Sicily.
	www.crisismagazine.com /december2006/croker.htm (3919 words)

	Wikinfo \| Battle of Crecy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Crécy was a battle in which an English army of approximately 12,000, commanded by Edward III of England, outnumbered by Philip VI of France's force of between 30,000 and 40,000, was victorious as a direct consequence of superior weaponry and tactics.
		The French army, commanded by Philip VI, was much more disorganized, due to an excess of confidence on the part of his noble knights.
		Roughly, Philip stationed his Genoese mercenary crossbowmen in the front line, with the cavalry in the back.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Battle_of_Crecy (757 words)

	Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Order of Knights Templar was founded in 1118 AD with the sole intention of protecting pilgrims on the road to Jerusalem.
		De Molai and the Knights Templar were charged with numerous false crimes of heresy, which included the worship of false idols (Baphomet).
		The Knights Templar were powerless to stand against such charges, and on Friday, October 13th, the Knights of the Order were arrested and imprisoned.
	www.denofheathens.com /2001_apr.html (348 words)

	Not so poor "poor knights" templars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They were the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, more commonly known as the Knights Templars.
		After Philip arrived, the nervous commission changed its mind and on March 22, 1312 voted overwhelmingly to abolish the Templars.
		As for the knights, many of those who recanted the confessions forced from them under torture were burned as heretics, 54 of them in one day.
	chi.gospelcom.net /morestories/templars.shtml (528 words)

	Order of the Knights Templar
		The founders were Hugh de Payns and Geoffrey de Saint-Omer, French knights who in 1118 established a religious community on the ancient site of the Temple of Solomon (hence Templars) which was dedicated to protecting pilgrims in the Holy Land.
		The Templars were divided into knights, chaplains, sergeants, and craftsmen, organized under a Grand Master and general council.
		The Warriors and the Bankers: A History of the Knights Templar from 1307 to the Present.
	www.occultopedia.com /o/order_knights_templar.htm (3947 words)

	Knights of Columbus Philip Paul Breen Council 8576
		The Philip Paul Breen Council is located at St. Jude Catholic Church in Chattanooga, TN at 930 Ashland Terrace.
		It is named after Philip Paul Breen, the father of Rev Philip M. Breen, who was pastor of St. Jude at the time and very active in the councils formation.
		The Philip Paul Breen Council works closely with the St. Jude Parish in Chattanooga, providing funds for various projects, members being active participants in their parish.
	www.kofc8576.org (213 words)

	Knights of Columbus, Council 11671 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Philip the Apostle Knights of Columbus Council 11671 was chartered by the Supreme Council on November 6, 1995 with 43 names contained on the charter.
		The present Grand Knight is Raymond Lill and there have been six Past Grand Knights.
		The qualifications for membership in the Knights of Columbus are set down by the Supreme Council.
	www.stphilip.org /page.cfm?Web_ID=2 (311 words)

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