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Topic: Philip of Parma

	Parma - LoveToKnow 1911
		Parma, one of the finest cities of northern Italy, lies in a fertile tract of the Lombard plain, within view of the Alps and sheltered by the Apennines, 170 ft. above sea-level.
		The royal university of Parma, founded in 1601 by Ranuccio I., and reconstituted by Philip of Bourbon in 1768, has faculties in law, medicine and natural science, and possesses an observatory, and natural science collections, among which is the Eritrean Zoological Museum.
		A bishop of Parma is mentioned in the acts of the council of Rome of A.D. It fell into the power of Alboin in 569 and became the seat of a Lombard duchy; it was still one of the wealthiest cities of Aemilia in the Lombard period.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Parma (1450 words)

	Philip II
		Philip was the son of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.
		Philip's third marriage, with Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II of France, in 1559, was the result of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis (1559), which, for a generation, ended the open wars between Spain and France.
		Philip had received the Duchy of Milan from Charles V in 1540 and the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily in 1554 on the occasion of his marriage to Mary of England.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /tours/spain/philip2.html (1309 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philip II (King of Spain)
		At a solemn conference held at Brussels, 22 Oct., 1555, Charles V ceded to Philip the Low Countries, the crowns of Castille, Aragon, and Sicily, on 16 Jan., 1556, and the countship of Burgundy on the tenth of June.
		Philip granted this on the most favourable terms and the Duke of Alva was even obliged to ask the pope's pardon for having invaded the Pontifical States.
		Philip wished to force them to renounce their language and dress, whereupon they revolted and engagedin a bloody struggle against Spain which lasted three years (1567-70) until ended by Don Juan, natural son of Charles V.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12002a.htm (1811 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Parma
		In the thirteenth century (1199, 1200, 1204), Parma was at war with its neighbour Piacenza; later it aroused the indignation of Innocent III by the robbery of a pontifical legate.
		In 1512 Julius II united Parma to the Pontifical States; it should be said that John of Bohemia had previously held it as a fief of the Holy See; but from 1515 to 1521, the city was again in the hands of the King of France.
		The garrison of Parma prevented the city from falling into the power of Ferrante, as Piacenza fell; and after long negotiations with the emperor, the son of Pierluigi, Ottavio, was confirmed in the duchy by Julius III in 1550.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11505a.htm (997 words)

	HistoryBuff.com -- The Spanish Armada of 1588
		Philip had been unable to suppress a revolt in the tiny Netherlands, in which Spain had already garrisoned troops, which was already united with Spain under the Hapsburg crown, which the Spaniards could access by land routes, and for which the Spanish king could gain assistance from his Hapsburg cousins in central Europe.
		Philip's plan was to transport to English soil the professional army of Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma-the shrewd and effective general of Philip's armies in the Netherlands, and perhaps the most intimidating battlefield opponent in Europe at the time.
		Philip lacked control of a deep-water port on the northwestern European coastline, and in any case it is questionable whether any single port at the time could have accommodated a fleet of the Armada's magnitude to begin with.
	www.historybuff.com /library/refarmada2.html (1571 words)

	Philip II, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Philip ascended the Spanish throne on the abdication of his father, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who had previously made over to him Naples and Sicily, the Low Countries, Franche-Comté, and the duchy of Milan.
		Philip’s half-brother, John of Austria (1545–78), defeated the Ottomans at the battle of Lepanto (1571), and Tunis was captured and held briefly (1573–74).
		The only major military success of Philip’s later reign was the conquest of Portugal, to which he had a claim as the son of Isabella of Portugal, daughter of Manuel I. When King Henry of Portugal died (1580) without issue, Alba overran the country, and Philip was recognized as king by the Portuguese Cortes.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ph/Philip2-Sp.html (815 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg846 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Philip of Parma DE BOURBON [Parents] was born 15 Mar 1720.
		Isabella of Parma DE BOURBON was born 31 Dec 1741 and died 27 Nov 1763.
		Ferdinand of Parma DE BOURBON was born 20 Jan 1751 and died 9 Oct 1802.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg846.htm (560 words)

	Philip V of Spain Summary
		Philip was recognized as the legitimate king of Spain; in return he gave up all claims to the throne of France and surrendered the Spanish Low Countries, Naples, and Sicily to the Austrians, and Gibraltar to the British.
		On Sept. 16, 1714, Philip was married by proxy to the 21-year-old Elizabeth Farnese of Parma.
		Although Philip was allowed to remain on the Spanish throne, the war cost Spain the possession of Minorca in the Balearic Islands as well as Gibraltar to Great Britain and the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Milan, and Sardinia to the Austrian Habsburgs; Sicily and parts of the Milanese to Savoy.
	www.bookrags.com /Philip_V_of_Spain (1418 words)

	::Foreign Policy::
		Philip heard of a plan by Coligny for the French to invade the Spanish Netherlands and then partition it between England, France and the Holy Roman Empire.
		Philip’s marriage to Mary (1554 to 1558) was a typically political one.
		Philip was almost certainly more concerned with giving the campaign in the Netherlands a boost though he did order that if the invasion was partially successful, the Duke of Parma had to demand toleration in England for Catholics.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /P2forpol.htm (5090 words)

	Philip II
		This political marriage gave Spain an indirect influence on affairs of England, recently restored to Catholicism; but in 1555 Philip was summoned to the Low Countries, and Mary's death in the same year severed the connection between the two countries.
		Philip wished to force them to renounce their language and dress, whereupon they revolted and engagedin a bloody struggle against Spain which lasted three years (1567-70) until ended by Don Juan, natural son of Charles V. The defeated Moriscoes were transplanted in great numbers to the interior of the country.
		In the Low Countries, where Philip had committed the government to his aunt, Margaret of Parma, the nobles, chafed because of their want of influence, plotted and trumped up grievances.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/philip_ii2.html (1806 words)

	The Succession Laws of Parma
		Restoring a counterweight to this new power was in the interests of Parma, and its minister in Madrid, Giulio Alberoni, pulled off the marriage of Odoardo's daughter Elisabetta to the widowed king Philip V of Spain in 1714.
		Formally, Austria ceded Parma and Guastalla to Felipe and his male and female issue, according to an order of succession to be established by Felipe and the Empress; upon extinction of which issue the exchanges and renunciations were to become void.
		The dynasty was overthrown in 1859: the duke and regent duchess left Parma on June 9 for Switzerland and made an official protest on June 20 against the Sardinian invasion.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/parma.htm (2047 words)

	Diocese of Parma
		In the struggle between the popes and Frederick II, Parma was at first on the side of the emperor; but in 1247, the Guelphs obtained possession of the town, which Frederick attempted in vain to take.
		Finally, through purchase, Parma was annexed to the Duchy of Milan, and so remained, except for a time when it was governed by the de' Rossi and by the Terzi (1404-20), until 1499, when Louis XII of France took possession.
		After the Piedmontese defeat at Novara, the Austrians placed Carlo III on the throne of Parma, but he was stabbed to death in 1854, and in 1859 his son Robert was dethroned, while the annexation of his state to Piedmont was decreed.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/parma,diocese_of.html (977 words)

	Philip V of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683-July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.
		Philip helped his Bourbon relatives to make territorial gains in the War of the Polish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession by reconquering Naples and Sicily from Austria and Oran from the Ottomans.
		Philip was afflicted by fits of manic depression and increasingly fell victim to a deep melancholia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain (940 words)

	Reviews in History:
		Philip II controlled Spain for fifty-five years in the latter half of the sixteenth century from his appointment as regent for his father, Emperor Charles V, in 1543 to his death in 1598.
		When Philip and his regent were perceived to have retreated on their policy concerning the Netherlands, this was seen as governmental weakness and led to an increase in opposition.
		Philip was blamed personally for the reverse of the fleet and not for first time, he hoped to die (although this temporary phase passed).
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/macpherson.html (3740 words)

	The Spanish Armada
		Philip II ruled vast territories of land, and had unparalleled wealth from the New World.
		This had angered Philip immensely, especially as the stolen treasure was used to help fund those people rebelling against his rule in the Netherlands.
		Although King Philip sent other fleets against England in the 1590's, none was as significant, or as threatening as that of the great Armada of 1588, and none has captured the imagination of successive generations as much.
	www.elizabethi.org /uk/armada (1168 words)

	Spanish Armada 1588
		Philip, subject to the Pope's approval, would choose a new ruler pledged to restore the Catholic faith.
		A victorious Philip would not impose many other conditions: he wanted English soldiers withdrawn from the Spanish Netherlands, especially the English garrison at Flushing which blockaded the recaptured key port of Antwerp - at this stage, English help was perhaps the only thing stopping the complete collapse of the revolt by the Protestant Dutch.
		If Parma's men had just waited in their boats off Dunkerque, they would have been "sitting ducks" for attack by Dutch fighting ships which were very effective in these shallow coastal waters.
	www.theotherside.co.uk /tm-heritage/background/span-armada.htm (2284 words)

	[No title]
		Philip stood enfeoffed, by divine decree, of all America, the East Indies, the whole Spanish Peninsula, the better portion of Italy, the seventeen Netherlands, and many other possessions far and near; and he contemplated annexing to this extensive property the kingdoms of France, of England, and Ireland.
		The Prince of Parma, thus encouraged by the great success of his intrigues, was determined to achieve still greater triumphs with his arms, and steadily proceeded with his large design of closing the Scheldt--and bringing about the fall of Antwerp.
		The Emperor of Germany was the nephew and the brother-in-law of Philip, and a strict Catholic besides.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/4/8/8/4885/old/jm85v10.txt (16153 words)

	Philip V
		Philip V, King of Spain, founder of the Bourbon dynasty, was the son of the Dauphin Louis and his wife, Maria Anna, daughter of Ferdinand Maria, elector of Bavaria.
		He showed courage on the field of battle, both in Italy and Spain, during the War of the Spanish Succession, and was flattered by his courtiers with the title of El Animoso, or the spirited.
		It was in pursuit of one of these intrigues that he abdicated in 1724 in favor of his son Louis.
	www.nndb.com /people/881/000097590 (324 words)

	Alexander of Parma II
		During this wrangling, the country was exposed to the forces of Parma, to the private efforts of the Malcontents, to the unpaid soldiery of the states, to the armed and rebellious peasantry.
		Philip, having violated the law of reason and the statutes of the land, was deposed, and a new chief magistrate was to be elected in his stead.
		Philip’s bigotry amounting to frenzy, and the Netherlanders of "the religion" being willing, in their own words, "to die the death" rather than abandon the Reformed faith, there was upon this point no longer room for hope.
	www.americanpresbyterianchurch.org /alexander_of_parma_ii.htm (17285 words)

	Personalities of Louisiana: Charles III of Spain
		Philip is the grandson of Louis XIV who dies in 1715.
		Philip builds San Ildefonso, the palace of the Granja modeled on Versailles, to house himself and Elizabeth as the palace of the Bourbons in Spain.
		Philip V dies at the palace of Buen Retiro and is buried at San Ildefonso.
	www.enlou.com /people/charlesiii-bio.htm (4686 words)

	[No title]
		The most brilliant and original genius that Philip had the good fortune to have at his disposal, the genius of Alexander Farnese, was cramped and irritated almost to madness, by the fetters imposed upon it, by the sluggish yet obstinate nature of him it was bound to obey.
		Philip pledged himself to furnish at least fifty thousand crowns monthly, for the advancement of this Holy League, as it was denominated, and as much more as should prove necessary.
		While Philip for a long time hesitated to confide the secret of the League to Parma, whom it most imported to understand these schemes of his master, the confederates were openly boasting of the assistance which they were to derive from Parma's cooperation.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /mirrors/gutenberg/etext04/jm38v10.txt (14587 words)

	boys clothing: Spanish royalty--Alfonso XII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		King Philip V of Spain was born in 1638.
		Philip and Isabella had seven children: Charles III (1716-), Franz (1717-), Maria Anne (1718-), Duke Philip of Parma (1720-), Marie Therese (1726-), Cardinal Louis (1727-), and Mary (1729-).
		Philip in 1724 abdicated the throne to his eldest son, Louis I. In an unexpcted turn of events, he resumed the throne when Louis died of smallpox.
	histclo.com /royal/spa/rs-p5.htm (789 words)

	Etrurian Kingdom (1801-1807) (Italy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Bourbon-Parma descend from Philip V king of Spain (grandson of Louis XIV and the first Bourbon king of Spain) and Elisabetta Farnese, heir to the Duchy of Parma.
		The wife of Louis, and hence queen of Etruria, was Marie-Louise, daughter of Charles IV (Carlos IV) king of Spain.
		The Dukes of Parma were, in order, Carlo I (later to become king of Naples as Carlo VII, giving rise to the Bourbon-Sicilia branch, and later king of Spain, as Carlos III, giving rise to the present Spanish branch), followed at Parma by his brother Filippo, head of the Parma branch of the Bourbons.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/it-etrur.html (606 words)

	Maritime Topics On Stamps. The Armada
		King Philip II intended to return first England and later all of Europe to the old faith.
		The catholic nations were shocked when England’s Queen Elizabeth I (on stamp at right) signed the death warrant against her catholic competitor and cousin on Scotland’s throne, Mary Stuart, in 1587.
		Philip II intended to pick up those Spanish troops in the Netherlands and to attack England.
	www.shipsonstamps.org /Topics/html/armada.htm (1497 words)

	Charles III of Spain Summary
		The son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, Elizabeth Farnese of Parma, Charles III was born in Madrid on Jan. 20, 1716.
		The first son of the second marriage of Philip V with Elizabeth Farnese of Parma, he was one of the so-called "enlightened monarchs".
		It was his good fortune to be sent to rule as Duke of Parma by right of his mother at the age of sixteen, and thus come under more intelligent influence than he could have found in Spain.
	www.bookrags.com /Charles_III_of_Spain (1574 words)

	The History of Protestantism - Volume Third - Book Eighteenth - History of Protestantism in the Netherlands
		Philip saw it advisable to retain a body of Spanish troops in the country to compel submission to the new arrangements.
		Philip would order, Margaret would execute, and the Councils would consent; meanwhile the old charters of freedom would be sleeping their deep sleep in the tomb that Philip had dug for them; and woe to the man who should attempt to rouse them from their slumber!
		"Philip," as the historian Meteren remarks, "had robbed the land to enrich the ocean." The king's voyage, however, was safely ended, and on the 8th of September he disembarked at Loredo, on the Biscayan coast.
	www.doctrine.org /history/HPv3b18.htm (13135 words)

	The Armada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary had named Philip of Spain her heir and he was going to come for his inhieritance.
		Parma was unable to help as he had less than twenty ships and most of those were not yet ready to sail.
		Philip II spent the next ten years supporting a series of plots to overthrow Elizabeth.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /England1/the7.htm (6184 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of October 25 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sometimes they are pictured buried alive; in Parma with SS Philip and James Major (Roeder).
		Philip Evans--Jesuit priest, (born in Monmouthshire, Wales, in 1645; died in Cardiff, Wales, in 1679) (f.d.
		Philip Howard--Earl of Arundel and Surrey (born in 1557; died in the Tower of London, believed to have been poisoned, 1595) (f.d.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1025.htm (2395 words)

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