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	Philipp Jakob Spener
		Philipp Jakob Spener (January 13, 1635 - February 5, 1705), German theologian, was born in Rappoltsweiler in Upper Alsace.
		Spener refused to resign his post, and the Saxon government hesitated to dismiss him.
		In Berlin Spener was held in high honour, though the tendencies of the court and the government officials were rather rationalistic than pietistic.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ph/Philipp_Jakob_Spener.html (647 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Auf theoretischer Ebene hat der junge Spener nicht erkannt, welche Herausforderung Hobbes für das politische Denken darstellte, und Jahre später, in seiner Frankfurter Zeit, schrieb er in der Tat auch selbst, dass er Hobbes’ Ansatz während seines Studiums wohl nicht einmal richtig verstanden habe.
		Andererseits hatte Spener aber auch wichtige Fürsprecher in Frankfurt - insbesondere den einflussreichen Patrizier Johann Vincenz Baur von Eysseneck, mit dem er sich bereits in Genf angefreundet hatte und der zu einer Gruppe von religiös engagierten Menschen gehörte, die das geschäftsmäßig-oberflächliche Luthertum der Messestadt nicht mehr befriedigte.
		Führend in dieser Gruppe waren vor allem der Magistratsjurist Johann Jakob Schütz, der bereits erwähnte Johann Vinzenz Baur von Eysseneck, dessen Frau Juliana, der Theologiestudent Johannes Anton Tieffenbach, Maria Juliana von Hynsberg und einige andere.
	www.antjeschrupp.de.cob-web.org:8888 /spener.htm (3773 words)

	New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. IX: Petri - Reuchlin \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Spener's activity as a practical theologian and reformer may be summarized as efforts, on the one hand, to reform the clergy and their official ministration; and, on the other hand, to regenerate the ecclesiastical, religious, and moral life of the congregations and their members.
		Spener's purpose was the inward assimilation of religious truth rather than mere imparting of knowledge; and his efforts to advance practical piety among the masses were intimately associated with his interest in confirmation, which became an integral part of the usage of the Lutheran Church largely through the cooperation of Pietism.
		Spener clearly saw and boldly faced the evils arising from the fact that the government of the Church was exclusively in the hands of the secular rulers in various governments, and that the laity were excluded from it.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc09.pietism.html (11136 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Philipp Jakob Spener (January 13, 1635 - February 5, 1705), was a German Christian theologian known as the "Father of Pietism."
		Spener refused to resign his post, and the Saxon government hesitated to dismiss him.
		All his life long Spener had been exposed to the attacks and abuse of the orthodox Lutheran theologians; with the; years, his opponents multiplied, and the movement which he had inaugurated increasingly served as a subject for hostile criticism.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za.cob-web.org:8888 /p/h/i/Philipp_Jakob_Spener_331c.html (769 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philipp Jakob Spener (January 13, 1635 - February 5, 1705), was a German Christian theologian known as the "Father of Pietism."
		All his life long Spener had been exposed to the attacks and abuse of the orthodox Lutheran theologians; with the years, his opponents multiplied, and the movement which he had inaugurated increasingly served as a subject for hostile criticism.
		Zur Privatbibliothek Philipp Jakob Speners, in: Bibliothecae selectae da Cusano a Leopardi, a cura di Eugenio Canone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philipp_Jakob_Spener (752 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		PHILIPP JAKOB SPENER (1635-1705), German theologian, was born on the 13th of January 1635, at Rappoltsweiler in Upper Alsace.
		But the elector John George III., at whose personal desire the post had been offered to him, was soon offended at the fearless conscientiousness with which his chaplain sought to discharge his pastoral duties.
		But in 1691 the Saxon representative at Berlin induced the court of Brandenburg to offer him the rectorship of St Nicholas in Berlin with the title of "Konsistorialrat." In Berlin Spener was held in high honour, though the tendencies of the court and the government officials were rather rationalistic than pietistic.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Philipp_Jakob_Spener (679 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener
		Johann Schmidt influenced Spener as one who combined a strict Orthodoxy with deep piety, stressed the importance of teaching the catechism, and taught the necessity of the preacher to prepare by prayerful meditation and make the sermon more accessible to the congregation by being less doctrinaire and removing quotes of church fathers in Latin.
		Spener stated there is need for the Spirit to discern Scripture, which the Holy Spirit guided him in writing his proposals, and he trusted that the power given by the Spirit guaranteed the success of his proposal.
		Spener's theological contribution to the piety movement is that the believer's Christ-likeness becomes the characterization of the Christian life, not one's need for grace.
	www.holytrinitynewrochelle.org /spener.html (1525 words)

	ttt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Equally important was the means Spener proposed for implementing change, a church within the church.
		Spener founded small groups (collegia pietatis) to advance the participants' closeness to God through prayers, songs, spiritual reading, and discussion.
		With direction from Spener and organization from August Hermann Francke, Halle became the intellectual center of early German pietism.
	www.matthew548.com /t-spener.html (409 words)

	Pietism
		This situation was altered by the unstinting work of Philipp Jakob Spener, known often as the father of pietism, who was called in 1666 to be the senior minister in Frankfurt am Main.
		Spener took a major step toward reviving the church in 1675 when he was asked to prepare a new preface for sermons by Johann Arndt.
		Spener left Frankfurt for Dresden in 1686, and from there he was called to Berlin in 1691.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txc/pietism.htm (2106 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Philipp Spener was born at Rappoltsweiler in Upper Alsace on Jan. 23, 1635.
		Spener's criticism of the established Lutheran Church led to much opposition from Church and state officials, who accused him of being untrue to Lutheran doctrines.
		Spener soon found himself in conflict with the clergy in Saxony, the theological faculties at Leipzig and Wittenberg, and the elector himself.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/philipp-jakob-spener (526 words)

	Spener, Philipp Jakob. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Spener became court chaplain at Dresden in 1686, but he aroused the opposition of the clergy and the elector and in 1691 accepted the rectorship at St. Nicholas, Berlin.
		Spener aided in the founding of the Univ. of Halle in 1694, and later, through the activities of his disciple August Hermann Francke, the city of Halle became a center of Pietism.
		The orthodox Lutheran clergy had continuously resented Spener’s criticism and influence, and in 1695 the theological faculty at Wittenberg made formal charges against him.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sp/Spener-P.html (211 words)

	"Pietism" by Ronald Feuerhahn
		Spener was very fond of his teacher who, according to Spener himself, was the professor of theology who influenced him most.
		In Spener’s time, Bucer’s original memorial to the town council of Strasbourg regarding this venture was reprinted under the title: "Defense of the so-called Collegiorum pietatis" in 1691 and 1692.
		Spener’s citation of Luther is noticeably weighted to the early Luther, pre-1525, or in the period of the more pronounced anti-Roman polemic or the time when Luther was still struggling with his own Roman piety.
	www.issuesetc.org /resource/archives/feuerhhn.htm (5805 words)

	Pietism - MTS Christian Education Gateway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Philipp Jakob Spener (1635-1705) - Founder of the official movement.
		Spener and Francke were deliberate in their intent to impact education.
		Reform of theological education was one of Spener's six Pia desideria or Earnest Desires that formed the basis of Pietism.
	www.mts.edu /cegateway/pmwiki/index.php?n=Main.Pietism?n=Main.Pietism (403 words)

	Pietists at Scroll Publishing Co.
		In his sermons, Philipp Jakob Spener, a Lutheran pastor, emphasized the necessity of a lively faith and the sanctification of daily life.
		Nevertheless, Spener soon realized that he would not be able to move the masses at large to the desired degree of sanctification.
		However, instead of starting a new church or sect, as had the non-Catholic Spiritualists before him, Spener conceived the idea of a “church within a church.” That is, he would establish a collegia pietatis, a group of devout believers who would meet in private in his own house for prayer and Bible study.
	www.scrollpublishing.com /store/Pietists.html (479 words)

	Spener, Philipp Jakob
		In particular, he objected to the rigidity of ecclesiastical structures and the lack of moral discipline among the clergy.
		Spener consequently moved to Berlin in 1691 to become provost of St. Nicholas' Church.
		By the time of Spener's death, Pietism was well established in Germany, and its influence reached to England and eventually to the British colonies in America.
	cyberspacei.com /jesusi/inlight/religion/christianity/ref/spencer.htm (346 words)

	Messiah College: Sider Institute
		The key treatise of this emerging movement was written in 1675 by Philipp Jakob Spener.
		In that sense, Spener and his fellow Pietists did not develop a theology of their own, but rather advocated a living faith they felt was absent in most Protestant churches.
		Jakob Spener was himself a Lutheran minister, and he believed his emphases meshed well with Lutheran theology.
	www.messiah.edu /siderinstitute/pietism.html (362 words)

	Spener, Philipp Jakob. Receipt. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Philipp Jakob Spener, called the "Father of Pietism", was born on January 13, 1635 at Rappoltsweiler, Upper Alsace.
		Spener was appointed provost of the Church of St. Nicolai in Berlin in 1695.
		This is a single receipt on paper, written in German and signed by Philipp Jakob Spener.
	www.pitts.emory.edu /archives/text/mss133.html (223 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Philipp Jakob Spenerwurde als Sohn einer frommen Juristenfamilie geboren.
		Nötig sei ein praktiziertes allgemeines Priestertum zur Unterstützung der Arbeit der Pfarrer, die sich in Religionsstreitigkeiten liebevoll verhalten und nicht mehr rhethorisch gestelzt, sondern erbaulich predigen sollten.
		An der Universität Halle etablierte sich eine pietistische Theologenschaft, die die Ideen und Überzeugungen ihres geistigen Gründervaters pflegte und weiter entwickelte, während an der Fakultät in Wittenberg die traditionelle lutherische Orthodoxie einen Gegenpol bildete.
	www.heiligenlexikon.de.cob-web.org:8888 /BiographienP/Philipp_Jakob_Spener.htm (452 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Spener,
		Spener at Amazon.com Buy books at Amazon.com and save.
		Spener, Philipp Jakob SPENER, PHILIPP JAKOB [Spener, Philipp Jakob], 1635-1705, German theologian, founder of Pietism.
		In 1686, encouraged by Philipp Jakob Spener, he helped found the Collegium philobiblicum for the systematic study of the Scriptures.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Spener, (320 words)

	Philipp Jakob Spener - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Image:Philipp Jakob Spener.jpg Philipp Jakob Spener (January 13, 1635 - February 5, 1705), was a German Christian theologian known as the "Father of Pietism."
		fr:Philipp Jacob Spener no:Philipp Jacob Spener sv:Philipp Jakob Spener
		This page was last modified 14:04, 23 March 2006.
	wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Philipp_Jakob_Spener (628 words)

	Johann Arndt, Philipp Jakob Spener, A. H. Franke and the Churchly Pietists
		Spener is often thought of as the Father of Pietism because
		It should also be noted that while Spener studied Arndt's works and clearly picked up his mantle, his thought and style of writing was his own.
		It should also be noted that these two were not the only voices decrying Lutheran Orthodoxy's need to lose its polemical edge and become more a religion of the heart.
	www.holytrinitynewrochelle.org /yourti16836.html (320 words)

	AllRefer.com - Philipp Jakob Spener (Protestant Christianity, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Philipp Jakob Spener (Protestant Christianity, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Philipp Jakob Spener[fE´lip yA´kOp shpA´nur] Pronunciation Key, 1635–1705, German theologian, founder of Pietism.
		He was pastor of the Lutheran church at Frankfurt in 1670 when, to counteract the barren intellectualism of prevailing orthodoxy, he instituted meetings for fellowship and Bible study.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Spener-P.html (285 words)

	Pietism — FactMonster.com
		After Spener's death the work was carried on by August Hermann
		Although the movement bore resemblance to aspects of Puritanism, e.g., use of distinctive dress and the renunciation of worldly pleasures, the essential aim of the true Pietist was to place the spirit of Christian living above the letter of doctrine.
		Philipp Jakob Spener - Spener, Philipp Jakob, 1635–1705, German theologian, founder of Pietism.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0839002.html (300 words)

	SPENER, Philipp Jacob [Jakob]
		SPENER, Philipp Jacob [Jakob], evangelischer Theologe und Begründer des lutherischen Pietismus, bedeutendster Genealoge des 17.
		theol.), Mainz 1956; - Wolfgang Philipp, Das Werden der Aufklärung in philosophiegeschichtlicher Sicht (FSThR 3), Göttingen 1957; - Wolfgang Trillhaas, Ph.
		KG 157) (Helsinki 1992), 88-100; - Karl Gottfried Goebel, Johann Philipp Elbert (1621-1699), Sup.
	www.bautz.de /bbkl/s/spener_p_j.shtml (8492 words)

	Spener, Philipp Jakob (1635-1705) e Speneriani e Pietismo (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Spener, Philipp Jakob (1635-1705) e Speneriani e Pietismo (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu)
		Spener, Philipp Jakob (1635-1705) e Speneriani e Pietismo
		Il teologo Philipp Jakob Spener, fondatore del movimento pietista, nacque il 13 gennaio 1635 a Rappoltsweiler, in Alsazia.
	www.eresie.it.cob-web.org:8888 /id525.htm (748 words)

	Spener Philipp Jakob - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Spener Philipp Jakob - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		More MSN Search results on "Spener Philipp Jakob"
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	uk.encarta.msn.com /Spener_Philipp_Jakob.html (61 words)

	Protestantism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Note: Mormonism is not held by all to be a sect of Protestantism and the Mormons (who prefer the name "Latter-day Saints") do not consider themselves to be Protestants.
		Philipp Jakob Spener, "godfather" of the Pietist movement
		Charles Wesley, Anglican priest, Methodist leader, poet, and hymn writer
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Protestantism (2914 words)

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