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	Weather Doctor's Weather People and History: Philipp Lenard
		Lenard was concerned that the size of the wet spot on the blotter paper might not reflect the true size of the drop that made it.
		Lenard partitioned his raindrop data into 0.5 mm (0.02 inch) diameter intervals, reporting it as the number of raindrops of a particular size range falling on an area of one square metre in one second.
		Lenard also used his wind tunnel to determine the fall velocity of drops by increasing the flow rate until the drop became suspended.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/history/lenard.htm (1089 words)

	Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
		Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard, in Hungarian Fülöp Lénárd (born in Bratislava on June 7, 1862 –; died May 20, 1947 in Messelhausen) was a physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties.
		Lenard studied under the illustrious Bunsen and Helmholtz, and obtained his doctoral degree in 1886 at the University of Heidelberg.
		Lenard overcame these problems by devising a method of making small metallic windows in the glass that were thick enough to be able to withstand the pressure differences, but thin enough to allow passage of the rays.
	www.mlahanas.de /Physics/Bios/PhilippLenard.html (699 words)

	Philipp Lenard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-5.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Philipp Eduard Anton von Lénárd, (June 7, 1862 in Bratislava, Slovakia (then Austro-Hungarian Monarchy)–May 20, 1947 in Messelhausen, Germany) was a Hungarian-German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties.
		Philipp Lenard was born in Bratislava (Pozsony(Hungarian) Pressburg(German), the former city of the Hungarian parliament; now Slovakia) on July 7, 1862.
		Lenard retired from Heidelberg Univerisity as professor of theoretical physics in 1931.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Philipp_Lenard (914 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Philipp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton LENARD, PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON [Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton], 1862-1947, German physicist, b.
		Veit, Philipp VEIT, PHILIPP [Veit, Philipp], 1793-1877, German historical painter; grandson of Moses Mendelssohn.
		Siebold, Philipp Franz van SIEBOLD, PHILIPP FRANZ VAN [Siebold, Philipp Franz van], 1796-1866, German naturalist and physician; son of A. von Siebold.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Philipp (632 words)

	Philipp Lenard - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Lenard's first work was done in the field of mechanics, when he published a paper on the oscillation of precipitated water drops and allied problems and in 1894 he published the Principles of Mechanics left behind by Hertz.
		In the course of his work Lenard had, for the purpose of accelerating the speed of the electrons and measuring their energy, invented a photoelectric cell which was the first model of the "3-electrode lamp" which is so important today in radioelectric technique.
		In 1903 he published his conception of the atom as an assemblage of what he called "dynamides", which were very small and were separated by wide spaces; they had mass and were imagined as electric dipoles connected by two equal charges of contrary sign and their number was equal to the atomic mass.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1905/lenard-bio.html (875 words)

	Philipp E. A. von Lenard Biography \| World of Physics
		Philipp E. Lenard was a brilliant experimental physicist who made important contributions to the study of the photoelectric effect, the characterization of cathode rays, the nature of phosphorescence, ionization potentials, and other phenomena.
		Lenard was asked to stay on at Heidelberg as assistant to his former teacher, Georg Quincke.
		Lenard made the interesting discovery that the velocity of electrons emitted during this process was affected by the wavelength of the incident light, and that an increase in that light's intensity increased the number of electrons emitted, but not their speed.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/philipp-e-a-von-lenard-wop (1205 words)

	Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard Biography \| World of Scientific Discovery
		Lenard's improved Crookes tube also served to support the new idea that atoms were composed of mostly empty space because that would be the only way a cathode ray could pass through a solid substance.
		For this revelation Lenard was honored with the 1905 Nobel Prize for physics.
		Though Lenard was undeniably an important physicist, his scientific contributions have been overshadowed by aspects of his personal life.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/philipp-eduard-anton-lenard-wsd (576 words)

	Lenard, Philipp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		After serving as a lecturer and as an assistant to Heinrich Hertz at the University of Bonn in 1893, Lenard was professor of physics successively at the universities of Breslau (1894), Aachen (1895), Heidelberg (1896), and Kiel (1898).
		Applying the discovery that cathode rays pass through thin leaves of metal, Lenard constructed (1898) a cathode-ray tube with an aluminum window through which the rays could pass into the open air.
		Lenard's extensive research also included studies of ultraviolet light, the electrical conductivity of flames, and phosphorescence.
	www.phy.bg.ac.yu /web_projects/giants/lenard.htm (305 words)

	Photoelectric Effect
		Lenard used metal surfaces that were first cleaned and then held under a vacuum so that the effect might be studied on the metal alone and not be affected by any surface contaminants or oxidation.
		Lenard connected his photocell to a circuit with a variable power supply, voltmeter, and microammeter as shown in the schematic diagram above.
		What Lenard found was that the intensity of the incident light had no effect on the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons.
	hypertextbook.com /physics/modern/photoelectric (2229 words)

	AllRefer.com - Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard[fE´lip A´dOOArt An´tOn lA´nArt] Pronunciation Key, 1862–1947, German physicist, b.
		After serving as professor at the universities of Kiel (1898–1907) and Heidelberg (1896–98, 1907–31), he headed the Philipp Lenard Institute at Heidelberg.
		He was the first to cause cathode rays to pass from the interior of a vacuum tube through a thin metal window into the air, where they produce luminosity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lenard-P.html (226 words)

	X-Rays - Uncyclopedia
		Hertz's understudy, Philipp Lenard was determined to continue the Fürher's orders, and began experimenting the effects of the unknown ray on male genetalia and Great Blue Herons.
		Realizing the only flaw in Lenard's procedure was that he forgot to plug the machine into the wall, Wilhelm had immideate success, and released his findings to the public on December 28, 1895.
		The 1 million dollar reward (which was really only 50 euros at the time, due to inflation) was spent to destroy Philipp Lenard's only two joys in life: Freshly baked latkes and Bar Mitzvah's.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/X-Rays (249 words)

	Questions about the Speed of Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Philipp Lenard (1862-1947, a former student of Hertz) was one such critic.
		Lenard's excessively lengthy sentences and paragraphs have been subdivided, but the original 17 paragraphs are here labelled "[1…]" to "[17…]".
		According to Lenard's theory it is at those remote sites that it has its anchor-reference and most of its potential effect.
	www.wbabin.net /physics/traill.htm (3585 words)

	Thomson_Millikan_biographies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Among those at the forefront of research during that time were J.W. Hittorf (1824-1914), Sir William Crookes (1832-1919), Eugen Goldstein (1850-1930), Philipp Lenard (1862-1947) and Jean-Baptiste Perrin (1870-1942); each in their own way contributed to the qualitative aspects of gas discharges [1].
		Strong evidence for this belief was found by Lenard, who had discovered that the cathode rays could pass quite easily through various thin screens placed in their way without making holes in them.
		By citing Lenard, who had shown that the range of cathode rays in air was much greater than that of molecules, Thomson argued therefore that m was small; the particles must be much smaller than ordinary molecules since they travel so much further than molecules before colliding with air molecules.
	wise.fau.edu /~jordanrg/bios/Thomson/Thomson_Millikan_bio.htm (2805 words)

	Lenard Philipp 1862 1947 Erinnerungen eines naturwissenschaftlers, der Kaiserreich, Judenherrschaft und Hitler erlebt ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Lenard Philipp 1862 1947 Erinnerungen eines naturwissenschaftlers, der Kaiserreich, Judenherrschaft und Hitler erlebt hat.
		A compilation of reminescences by Lenard on his life as a scientist in Germany in the late 19th and early 20th century under the Kaiser, the Weimar Republic, and National Socialism under Adolf Hitler.
		This autobiography was transcribed from typescript material found on a microfilm at the Office for History of Science and Technology, University of California at Berkeley.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/4143.html (124 words)

	Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard Winner of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physics
		Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard Winner of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physics
		Lenard, Philipp Eduard Anton (1862-1947) (submitted by Davis)
		Philipp Lenard Biography from Encyclopedia Britannica (submitted by www.britannica.com)
	almaz.com /nobel/physics/1905a.html (76 words)

	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
		Further investigation showed that this radiation had the power of passing through various substances which are opaque to ordinary light, and also of affecting a photographic plate.
		For this discovery he received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society in 1896, jointly with Philipp Lenard, who had already shown, as also had Heinrich Hertz, that a portion of the cathode rays could pass through a thin film of a metal such as aluminum.
		Röntgen also conducted researches in various other branches of physics, including elasticity, capillarity, the conduction of heat in crystals, the absorption of heat-rays by different gases, piezoelectricity, the electromagnetic rotation of polarized light, etc.
	www.nndb.com /people/550/000071337 (274 words)

	TIME.com: Thinner Than Thin -- Mar. 23, 1931 -- Page 1
		The tubes which Dr. Slack seals so thinly are Lenard Ray tubes, invented by learned Professor Philipp Lenard of the University of Heidelberg, 1905 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
		Professor Lenard's tube, devised in the 1890's when modern physics was germinating, projects cathode rays through a thin aluminum or gold window.
		A film of glass would serve, were it stout enough to withstand the suction of the Lenard vacuum tubes.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,741268,00.html (500 words)

	Albert Einstein's Later Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Einstein's political views as a pacifist and a Zionist pitted him against conservatives in Germany, who branded him a traitor and a defeatist.
		The public success accorded his theories of relativity evoked savage attacks in the 1920s by the anti-Semitic physicists Johannes Stark and Philipp Lenard, men who after 1932 tried to create a so-called Aryan physics in Germany.
		Just how controversial the theories of relativity remained for less flexibly minded physicists is revealed in the circumstances surrounding Einstein's reception of a Nobel Prize in 1921--awarded not for relativity but for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect.
	www.humboldt1.com /~gralsto/einstein/later.html (437 words)

	The Photoelectric Effect
		Using the experiment conducted by Philipp Lenard (1902), a student is offered several situations to grow accustomed to methods of reasoning they will use constantly during college.
		An example of a question that would test the understanding of the students is: Draw three curves plotting current vs. frequency of light that would be accepted by Philipp Lenard as results to his experiment.
		I believe teaching the photoelectric effect to a high school class would be entertaining.
	homepages.wmich.edu /~rosentha/PhotEl.htm (880 words)

	Millions of electrons, electrons for me... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Heinrich Hertz and his student, Philipp Lenard, passed the rays through an electric field and found that they were not deflected.
		Emil Wiechert measured their charge to be of a much greater ratio to their mass than any known atom--these were chalking up to be some wacky particles.
		J. Thomson drew on all this research and did some experimenting of his own...
	www.msu.edu /~howesfra/electronstart.html (187 words)

	Hexapedia - Philipp Lenard (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-5.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (June 7, 1862 – May 20, 1947) was a Slovak physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties.
		Lenard is remembered as a strong nationalist who despised English physics, which he considered as having stolen their ideas from Germany.
		During the Nazi regime, he was the outspoken proponent of the idea that Germany should rely on "Deutsche Physik" ("Aryan physics") and ignore the (in his opinion) fallacious and perhaps deliberately misleading ideas of "Jewish physics", by which he meant chiefly the theories of Albert Einstein, including "the Jewish fraud" of relativity.
	www.hexafind.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Philipp_Lenard (184 words)

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