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Johann Philipp Reis

	Johann Philipp Reis -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Philipp Reis' mother died while he was an infant, so he was raised by his paternal grandmother, a well-read, intelligent and religious woman.
		Philipp Reis undertook geography, and believed he had found his true vocation in the art of teaching.
		Philipp Reis was buried in the cemetery of Friedrichsdorff, and in 1878, after
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/j/jo/johann_philipp_reis.htm (2171 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Reis, Johann Philipp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Reis had studied the organs of hearing, and the idea of an apparatus for transmitting sound by means of electricity had been floating in his mind for years.
		But Reis does not seem to have realised the importance of not entirely breaking the circuit of the current; at all events, his metal spring is not in practice an effective provision against this, for it allows the metal contacts to jolt too far apart, and thus interrupt the current.
		Reis was buried in the cemetery of Friedrichsdorff, and in 1878, after the introduction of the speaking telephone, the members of the Physical Society of Frankfort erected over his grave an obelisk of red sandstone bearing a medallion portrait.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/REIS_BIO.html (3145 words)

	THE TELEPHONE, MOTOGRAPH, AND MICROPHONE
		Reis himself does not appear to have been sufficiently interested in the marvellous possibilities of the idea to follow it up--remarking to the man who bought his telephonic instruments and tools that he had shown the world the way.
		If Reis had been willing to experiment with his apparatus so that it did not make-and-break, he would probably have been the true father of the telephone, besides giving it the name by which it is known.
		Incidentally it may be noted that Edison in experimenting with the Reis transmitter recognized at once the defect caused by the make-and-break action, and sought to keep the gap closed by the use, first, of one drop of water, and later of several drops.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Edison/00000020.htm (6557 words)

	The early history of the telephone.
		Reis himself found that consonants were more perfectly transmitted than vowels by his apparatus, and sought to investigate the phenomenon and to remedy it.
		Reis had attempted to solve the problem of transmitting speech by interrupting an electric current; Bell worked by arranging that the vibrations of sound should alter the driving or electromotive force of the circuit, and Professor Hughes was trying to achieve a similar result by making the vibrations alter the resistance.
		Philip Reis was the son of a German master baker and small farmer, and was born at Gelnhausen in 1834.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Personal/D.Jefferies/telephone.html (2291 words)

	Reis' telephone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reis' telephone, an invention by Philipp Reis by an inspiration from a French article in 1854 (by Bourseul) how to create a microphone-like devices.
		Microphone (I) Reis created this using a tensed circular swine-intestine membrane, with a small platinum brick mounted in its centre.
		With careful adjustment, this transmitter is capable of operating in a "loose contact variable pressure" or microphone mode, but Reis was unaware of that prior to his death, and always described the transmitter as "make break".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reis'_telephone (302 words)

	Philipp Reis, a most eminent Telephone Pioneer
		As for Reis' telephone receiver, when operated by magnetostriction-- that is, on the principle on which it was designed and intended to operate -- it had inherent limitations that prevented its use for speech transmission, and was marginally acceptable for the mere transmission of tones.
		Philipp Reis essentially devised three different models of his Telephon, all of which were based on the same principle, namely the "make-and-break" of the current in the transmitter and the "magnetostriction" or "galvanic music" in the receiver.
		Philipp Reis clearly explained this mechanism in his lecture of October 26, 1861 at the Physical Society in Frankfurt-am-Main [10]: "At each closing of the circuit, the atoms of the iron wire inside the distant spiral are moved away from each other (Pouillet Müller, p.
	www.esanet.it /chez_basilio/reis.htm (3599 words)

	Encyclopedia: Philipp Reis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Johann Philipp Reis (January 7, 1834 -- January 24, 1874), was born in Gelnhausen, Germany, as son to a Jewish baker.
		Philipp Reis resigned his membership in 1867; but the Free German Institute of Frankfurt, which elected him an honorary member, also slighted the instrument as a mere "philosophical toy".
		Sir Frank Gill, then chairman of STC, ordered, that the tests be kept secret, as STC was negotiating with the ATandT, which had evolved from the Bell Company of Alexander Graham Bell.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Philipp-Reis (2113 words)

	Telephone - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		According to other sources Philip Reis invented it in 1860, but due to a false translation of the German word "Telephon" his invention was considered only the predecessor of Bell's.
		The early history of the telephone is a confusing morass of claim and counterclaim, which was not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits which hoped to resolve the patent claims of individuals.
		The Reis transmitter was very difficult to operate, since the relative position of the needle and the contact were critical to the device's operation at all.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /telephone.htm (3543 words)

	JOHANN PHILIPP REIS FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Johann Philipp Reis (January_7, 1834 – January_24, 1874), was born in Gelnhausen, Germany, as son to a poor baker.
		On 14th of September, 1859, Reis was married, and shortly after he moved to Friedrichsdorf, to begin his new career as a teacher.
		It is related that, after his lecture on the telephone at Giessen, in 1854, Poggendorff, who was present, invited him to send a description of his instrument to the ''Annalen.'' Philipp Reis answered him, "Ich danke Ihnen Sehr, Herr Professor, aber es ist zu spÃ¤t.
	www.isnewyork.com /Johann_Philipp_Reis (2071 words)

	History of the birth of the telephone. The Bell Company.
		Reis denominated to his instrument "telephone" and he was able to transmit musical sounds with great success; but the transmission of the language was imperfect in general.
		It was advised to him, nevertheless, that he perseverase in the development of his harmonic telegraph; and the talking telephone invented by Bell owes partly its existence to an accidental discovery done during these telegraphic experiments.
		Reis would have obtained a similar result if he had prevented his vibrant diaphragm to open the circuit.
	www.sapiensman.com /old_wires/telegraph_and_telephone3.htm (1191 words)

	History of the Telephone part 8
		Philipp Reis (1837-1874) a schoolteacher living in Frankfurt, Germany, invented the first functioning physical telephone that he named "Das Phone".
		Reis believed that the key in constructing a working device, which would transmit sound over a wire, was to recreate the human ear in a mechanical form.
		In1860 Philipp Reis developed the first form of his phone which was absolutely an imitation of the human ear.
	www.ilt.columbia.edu /projects/bluetelephone/html/part8.html (1058 words)

	Reis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		On 14th of September, 1859, Johann Philipp Reis was married in his hometown Gelnhausen with a daughter of his guardian with whom he had two children.
		Reis developed his invention; in the course of the time appeared 10 different forms of the transmitter (today microphone named) and 4 of the receiver.
		Reis was sickly, and impoverished, with neither the means nor the stamina to capitalize on the device.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/reis.html (1229 words)

	History of the Telephone part 9
		Reis referred to and wrote about his device reproducing tones but it is imperative to understand that in German the word ton (plural-"tone") is equivalent to our English word sound and includes articulate as well as musical sound depending on the context in which the word is used.
		These individuals claimed Reis did not invent an instrument for transmitting human speech nor was that his intent but rather developed a musical instrument and dubbed his device a "tone-telephone".
		Had Philipp Reis not become ill and died at the young age of forty in 1874, he would have participated in the race for the telephone patent.
	www.ilt.columbia.edu /projects/bluetelephone/html/part9.html (1129 words)

	Telephones by Elaine Marie Alphin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Philipp Reis was a German physicist, inventor, and schoolteacher.
		Reis used a diaphragm made of animal skin in his transmitter.
		Reis died in 1874, convinced that he had participated in the birth of a great invention that only future generations would appreciate.
	members.aol.com /elainemalphin/Telephones.html (196 words)

	Laquza - Searched for reis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Reis is the nation's leading provider of multifamily and commercial real estate market...
		Johann Philipp Reis, a German inventor, was the first to make a telephone.
		Philipp Reis was born on the 7th of January, 1834 in Gelnhausen, Germany, in a Jewish family.
	www.laquza.com /us/search.cgi?keywords=reis (176 words)

	January 7 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		After years of experimentation, Reis was ready to present his device to Frankfurt's Physics Association (Der Physikalische Verein) on 26 Oct 1861.
		During this, the first public demonstration of the successful conversion of electrical into auditory waves, verses of a song were transmitted from the lecture room to a hospital room over a 300-ft away.
		Reis coined the word "telephone" for his device.
	www.todayinsci.com /1/1_07.htm (2164 words)

	HC Munich 112th Convention Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Philipp Reis’s original telephone from 1861 was also demonstrated.
		Ernst-Jo Voelker presented the first telephone of Philipp Reis and demonstrated the audible frequency response of this first transmitter (microphone).
		Manfred Krause explained the legendary Magnetophone with ac bias used for tape recording with an astounding high quality of sound for the time period in which it was developed.
	www.aes.org /aeshc/docs/mtgschedules/112conv2002/112-conv-hc-report-2002-09-16.html (529 words)

	No. 1098: Who Invented the Telephone?
		Reis was a 26-year-old science teacher when he began work on the telephone in 1860.
		Reis used Bourseul's term, "make or break," but his diaphragm actually drove a thin rod to varying depths in an electric coil.
		Reis died two years before Bell received his patent.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1098.htm (520 words)

	Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		It fell to Johhan Reis to be the first to demonstrate a make-break instrument.
		In 1860 Johann Philipp Reis produced a device which could transmit musical notes, and even a lisping word or two.
		Gray's 'harmonic telegraph,' with the vibrating tongues or reeds, was afterwards introduced on the lines of the Western Union Telegraph Company in America.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/t/te/telephone.html (4204 words)

	Bell Didn't Invent The Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Both the Reis transmitter and receiver did work as well as Bell's system and that Reis developed his 'telephon' in 1863, 13 years before Bell got his patent.
		Then, Reis, a physics teacher from Friedrichsdorf, near Frankfurt, was viewed as a brilliant engineer, but his telephone systems were thought inferior to Bell's model.
		At the Reis House Museum in Friedrichsdorf, the former home of the inventor, there was little issue about where the plaudits should lie.
	www.rense.com /general45/bell.htm (987 words)

	Biography
		He was the inventor of the magnetic telephone.
		Reis was an elementary school teacher in Friedrichsdorf.
		Reis began his professional career as an employer in a colour shop.
	www2.fht-esslingen.de /telehistory/biogra.html (602 words)

	The Reis Telephone Receiver 1862-1872 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The instrument shown was developed by Philipp Reis in the early 1860s and was used as the receiver for his telephone transmitter.
		The Reis Receiver was unique in telephone history, and he was the only one known to have used this unusual design.
		Because the Reis receiver requires a fairly high level of current, it is not as sensitive as the common electro-magnetic receivers, although Reis was able to transmit largely understandable speech.
	www.atcaonline.com /phone/Reis.html (425 words)

	Exploring 'Philipp Reis'.
		To carry out your research for the term philipp reis, checking out the Connected Earth website should be rewarding.
		It's a complete multi-media experience, enabling you to choose from straight narrative, more in-depth exploration, images of exhibits in 3D, written or oral stories from those who used to work in the telecommunications industry, movie sequences, and simple animations or interactive explanations of the way in which things work.
		Connected Earth is the right place to carry out your investigation of the term philipp reis.
	www.connected-earth.com /content/philipp_reis.html (280 words)

	The Reis Telephone Transmitter 1862-1872 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The instrument shown was developed by Philipp Reis in the early 1860s and was used as the transmitter, the companion piece for his telephone receiver.
		But Reis’ make and break description was fatal to his claim that he could transmit the human voice.
		When made with carbon contacts, the Reis transmitter is essentially the same in function and principle as any of the other carbon transmitters that dominated the telephone industry for over a century.
	www.atcaonline.com /phone/Reis2.html (529 words)

	Hello, who was that? - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		A few confidential documents found at the Science Museum have hinted that a German scientist called Philipp Reis may have invented the telephone in 1863 itself, 13 years before Alexander Graham Bell.
		According to these documents, tests were carried out on Reis’s telephone in 1947 but the results, it is said, were suppressed by a prominent businessman.
		However, the papers relating to the tests were given to the Science Museum, ‘on the strict understanding that they will not be referred to publicly nor published without their permission ’The STC subsequently demanded all files relating to the Reis tests be returned to them.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/jan152004/snt4.asp (293 words)

	welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		I was born in 1975 in Gelnhausen.This is some 25 miles northeast of Frankfurt where I live at the moment.
		My primary school time I spent at the local Philipp-Reis-School (Philipp Reis first invented the telephone).
		After this I made my Abitur at the Grimmelshausen Gymnasium in 1995 (Grimmelshausen is the most important poet and novelist of the 17th century).
	www.wiwi.uni-frankfurt.de /~kappel/about_me.htm (130 words)

	Innocenzo Manzetti, another notable telephone pioneer
		The result of this research was that Innocenzo Manzetti worked, from 1864 to 1865, on the invention of a telephone, composed by a make-and-break transmitter and a magnetostriction receiver, similar to the device invented and researched upon by the German Philipp Reis from 1858 on.
		Manzetti probably did not know of the Reis telephone, though the latter was reported in the press since 1861.
		Both telephones, however, were only suitable for transmitting single tones as well as some tunes but could not satisfactorily transmit the consonants -- and barely, the vowels -- of the human speech.
	www.esanet.it /chez_basilio/manzetti.htm (2716 words)

	textually.org: Bell 'did not invent telephone'
		Successful tests on a German device manufactured in 1863 were covered up to maintain the Bell's reputation, the previously unseen files have revealed.
		They show the "Telephon", developed by German research scientist Philipp Reis, could transmit and receive speech.
		Researchers Antonio Meucci and Elisha Gray were also known to be working on speech transmission devices at the same time as Bell and Reis".
	www.textually.org /textually/archives/2003/12/002452.htm (218 words)

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