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	Philippa Foot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philippa Ruth Foot (1920-), born in Bosanquet, is a British philosopher, most notable for her works in ethics.
		Her work may be seen as an attempt to modernize Aristotelian philosophy; to show that it was adaptable to current issues; and thus that it could compete with such popular theories as modern deontological and utilitarian ethics.
		Foot, the granddaughter of American president Grover Cleveland, was born and educated in the UK.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippa_Foot (202 words)

	Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Foot contests that, expressivistic theories have the remarkable though seldom-mentions consequence of separating of the evaluation of human action not only from the evaluation of human sight, hearing, and bodily health but also from all evaluation of the characteristics and operations of plants and animals.
		Foot is addresses what she means as to distinguish between the two types of propositions; specifically, that in plants and in (non-human) animals some characteristics – whether defects or not – are important to the individual plant or animal as some may aid in its survival and some might not.
		Foot says that we start from the fact that it is the particular life form of a species of plant or animal that determines how an individual plant or animals should be: the Aristotelian categoricals give the “how” of what happens in the life cycle of that species.
	web.mala.bc.ca /clemotteo/chapter_2.htm (1636 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Philippa Foot is Griffin professor, emeritus, of UCLA and an Honorary Fellow of Somerville.
		Foot: What these theorists tried to do was construe the conditions of use of sentences like ‘it is morally wrong to kill innocent people’ in terms of a speaker’s feelings or attitudes, or to his or her commitment to acting in a certain way.
		Foot: Starting again from plants and animals, we see that all kinds of things are necessary for them in their normal way of life, such as certain kinds of roots for a certain kinds of tree, or good night sight for an owl.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~uctyaev/Foot.doc (5993 words)

	Moral Underdetermination and Moral Relativism
		Foot cites the atrocities committed by Nazis as an example of a moral system that directly contradicts her moral values, and this contradiction allows her to logically evaluate the Nazi actions and determine whether they were justified.
		Foot never really fleshes out this part of her argument, but it seems she thinks that one would choose between the competing theories based on one’s own value system, and this means that the choice is relative to the one’s cultural value system.
		Foot’s argument that the underdetermination of moral belief choice undermines the moral objectivist hinges on the claim that every belief is either moral or immoral to the objectivist.
	members.tripod.com /~Phaedrus/moralrelativism.html (2017 words)

	Philippa Foot: Virtues and Vices: And Other Essays in Moral Philosophy - Bøger
		She is interested in the classical empiricists (and especially Hume) as a source of contemporary assumptions about reasons and psychology that lead to noncognitivism, and she is concerned with Nietzsche's challenges to morality and their relevance to thinking about the connection between moral obligation and reasons for action.
		Minimally, Foot argues, moral opinions must be concerned with human good and harm, and this rules out certain views as moral views--even if those views have the form of universalizable prescriptions or are accompanied by whatever attitudes a noncognitivist considers to be distinctively moral.
		Foot's appears to have been somewhat sympathetic to this sort of project when she wrote "Moral Beliefs"--or, at least, she was willing to consider the possibility that this project might be successful.
	www.totaltiorden.dk /shop/product_details.php/0199252866 (1104 words)

	Foot (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Foot (prosody), a term used to define meter in poetry
		Foot (sailing), the lower edge of a sail
		The Foot Clan, a group of ninja in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foot_(disambiguation) (125 words)

	[No title]
		I suspect that Professor Foot would argue that phenomena of practical reason }{\ul are}{ essentially bound up with language, at least in the human case.
		Foot's chapters on happiness and on the traditional immoralists belong to this level of her theory.
		\par Once again, we misunderstand Foot if we suppose that her critique of such thinkers is purely }{\ul a priori}{, or t hat she means it to follow immediately from the more abstract strata of her theory.
	www.pitt.edu /~mthompso/three.doc (2865 words)

	Amazon.fr : Natural Goodness: Livres en anglais: Philippa Foot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Philippa Foot has for many years been one of the most distinctive and influential thinkers in moral philosophy.
		Long dissatisfied with the moral theories of her contemporaries, she has gradually evolved a theory of her own that is radically opposed not only to emotivism and prescriptivism but also to the whole subjectivist, anti-naturalist movement deriving from David Hume.
		Foot challenges many prominent philosophical arguments and attitudes; hers is not, however, a work of dry theory, but full of life and feeling, written for anyone intrigued by the deepest questions about goodness and human life.
	www.amazon.fr /Natural-Goodness-Philippa-Foot/dp/0198235089 (341 words)

	Weakness of Will, and the Weakness of It (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It still seems that Foot has an argument left, as her questioning of the imperative nature of morality can be taken even without the confusion presented by the status of etiquette.
		To Foot, it is not irrational or inconsistent for someone to make the statement "I’m immoral, and I don’t care." His actions may all be consistent with each other, and they may follow rationally from his desires.
		Foot wants to say that somehow the moral "should" is given more weight simply because we are taught that it should have more weight.
	www.byov.com /Tom/essays/nhc.html (1396 words)

	20th WCP: Two (Faulty) Responses to the Challenge of Amoralism
		But Alf also knows, perhaps from reading Philippa Foot, that "to say that moral considerations are called reasons is blatantly to ignore the problem." The problem, as Alf sees it, is that he differs from other people.
		Foot shows that if the arguments of Kant, Nagel, and other ethical rationalists fail, we have no business taking for granted that moral considerations furnish everyone with reasons to act.
		Foot’s reply to it, which differs from mine, is in "‘Is Morality a System of Hypothetical Imperatives?’ A Reply to Mr.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/TEth/TEthTill.htm (3132 words)

	OUP: Philippa Foot on 'the good life'
		Philippa Foot has for many years been one of the most distinctive and influential thinkers in moral philosophy, contributing a large volume of essays and articles to the discipline.
		Griffin Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles, and an Honorary Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford, Philippa Foot is the granddaughter of Grover Cleveland, President of the USA.
		Philippa Foot was formerly married to historian M.R.D. Foot.
	www.oup.co.uk /academic/humanities/philosophy/news (424 words)

	foot
		This last illusion is fostered by many moral philosophers, among them Philippa Foot, now 81, whose earlier essays were collected in 1978 as Virtues and Vices, now reissued with a brief new preface, but internally unaltered.
		As Wittgenstein says (Foot quotes this remark in another context), ‘The decisive movement in the conjuring trick has been made, and it was the very one that we thought quite innocent.’ It is poignant to see her searching in vain for moral harmony.
		Foot’s somewhat eccentric and archaic style is permeated by methodological opacity.
	www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk /~hardy/publishedwritings/foot.html (798 words)

	Phillipa Foot
		Foot, Philippa." In Defence of the Hypothetical Imperative."
		Foot, Philippa." `Is Morality a System of Hypothetical Imperatives?': A Reply to Mr.
		Foot, Philippa." The Problem of Abortion and Negative and Positive Duty: A Reply to James Leroy Smith."
	sun3.lib.uci.edu /~scctr/hri/life/foot.html (330 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Natural Goodness
		Abstract: Philippa Foot sets out a naturalistic theory of ethics, which she calls ‘natural normativity’ and which is radically opposed to the subjectivist, non-naturalism tradition deriving from David Hume and to be found in G. Moore and modern theories of ethics influenced by Moore, such as emotivism and prescriptivism.
		Natural normativity involves a special form of evaluation that predicates goodness and defect to living things qua living things, and Foot argues that this is the form of evaluation in moral judgements.
		The thesis of the book, then, is that vice is a natural defect, and virtue goodness of will; therefore propositions to do with goodness or badness in human character and action are not to be understood in psychological terms.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/philosophy/0198235089/toc.html (311 words)

	Foot - new and used books
		Philippa Foot is regarded as standing out among contemporary ethical theorists because of her conviction that virtues and vices are more central ethical notions than rights, duties, justice, or conse
		Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London Michael Foot looks back over 40 years of fighting the nuclear menace and surveys the world scene at the close of the 20th century as a warning of the continuing danger of building weapons of mass destruction.
		OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2003 New paperback In 'Natural Goodness', Foot challenges many prominent philosophical arguments and attitudes; hers is not, however, a work of dry theory, but full of life and feeling, written for anyone intrigued by the deepest questions about goodness and human life.
	www.isbn.pl /A-foot (615 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Moral Dilemmas
		Foot, Philippa, Griffin Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles, and an Honorary Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford
		Foot's work from the late 1970s to the 1990s.
		Foot's other two books, these essays present her distinctive and lasting contributions to twentieth-century moral philosophy.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/philosophy/019925284X/toc.html (257 words)

	Powell's Books - Review-a-Day - Iris Murdoch: A Life by Peter J. Conradi, reviewed by The New Republic Online
		What he fails to grasp (perhaps because he gets most of his information about philosophy from Foot) is that the ideas that Murdoch shares with these more conventional contemporaries require for their full exploration a different and riskier type of writing, which only she, with her complex erotic gifts, attempted to deliver.
		(Her friendship with Philippa Foot was broken for years on account of the suffering that she caused Michael Foot when she left him for the economist Tommy Balogh, a suffering for which Philippa consoled Michael.
		Murdoch wrote that Philippa "most successfully salvaged what was left after my behaviour," a characteristically self-dramatizing way of seeing the situation.) "Let me do no harm to [him or her]": this becomes a regular refrain in the journals.
	www.powells.com /review/2002_01_17.html (6452 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		'Foot stands out among contemporary ethical theorists because of her conviction that virtues and vices are more central ethical notions than rights, duties, justice, or consequences - the primary focus of most other contemporary theorists.
		In the first, Foot argues explicitly for an ethic of virtue, and in the next five discusses abortion, euthanasia, free will/determination, and the ethics of Hume and Nietzsche.
		Foot's style is straightforward and readable, her arguments subtle, ingenious, and some of them important.' Choice
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780199252862 (365 words)

	Topics for Phil 672: Virtue Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		We will consider their views in context, as standing in opposition to the neo-Humean value theories of Stevenson and Hare, and in partial defense of Moore’s advocacy of some form of value realism.
		Philippa Foot, "Moral Arguments", "Goodness and Choice"* in her Virtues and Vices (University of California Press:1978)
		Philippa Foot, "Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives" repr.
	www.phil.upenn.edu /~rakumar/Phil_672_syllabus.html (1213 words)

	Contemporary Ethical Theory - Third Exam
		Near the end of "Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives" Philippa Foot considers an objection to her view that morality consists of hypothetical imperatives.
		She writes, "It will be said that this way of viewing moral considerations must be totally destructive of morality, because no one could ever act morally unless he accepted such considerations as in themselves sufficient reason for action." Explain this objection.
		At the end of "Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives" Philippa Foot speaks of "volunteers banded together to fight for liberty and justice..." Explain her remark in light of the views expressed in that paper concerning the nature of morality.
	www.uark.edu /campus-resources/rlee/contsp01/exam3q.html (3855 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue
		It is her first book, and it comes after a long and distinguished career in ethics...
		'Philippa Foot's approach represents a fundamental break from the assumptions of recent debates, challenges prominent arguments about 'goodness' and human life, and argues that moral goodness should be understood as the natural flourishing of humans as living beings' - Journal of Contemporary Religion
		The specification in this catalogue, including without limitation price, format, extent, number of illustrations, and month of publication, was as accurate as possible at the time the catalogue was compiled.
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780198235088 (573 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Open Forum :: Philippa Foot Article(s) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		So any information on finding this essay or any other by her on this subject would be appreciated, as would any information on Foot herself.
		However a friend is going to give me access to that Jstor and I should be all up on the foot article soon.
		Thanks to everyone, it was one of those things, you know drives ya nutz, its like 'it sounds so good, I want to read it so bad' but then you cant find it.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-3886.html (691 words)

	Philippa Trekshare.com - Backpackers Free Travel Planning And Trip Publishing Resource Join \| Sign In. Ph
		Hibbert, better known to readers as Victoria Holt, Philippa Carr, and Jean Plaidy, was one of the world's Eleanor adopted the pseudonym of Philippa Carr and the first volume of.
		The queen from provence, plaidy, jean; holt, victoria; carr, philippa; hibbert, eleanor, putnam pub group Philippa Carr listings.
		Philippa Boyens - Filmography, Awards, Biography, Agent, Discussions, Photos, News Articles, Fan Sites Videodatei(en) Philippa Boyens Find where Philippa Boyens is credited alongside another.
	www.99hosted.com /names3840.html (426 words)

	The New York Review of Books: SARTRE & VALUES
		Now it is Miss Foot who chose to speak of Sartre in a review of Barnes, but if she had read him closer, she would know that it is impossible to treat a free being as a thing and yet be in good faith with oneself.
		If Miss Foot does not experience it, so much the better for her night's rest.
		(3) It is difficult to see where Miss Foot has proved that Sartre's philosophy is "…haunted by the authority he denies." This sounds like the weak reproaches addressed to Sartre by Mauriac et al.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/11844 (809 words)

	PHI 6607: NON-CONSEQUENTIALISM AND ITS CRITICS
		Philippa Foot, "Killing and Letting Die", in KLD
		Philippa Foot, "The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect", in KLD
		Philippa Foot, "Utilitarianism and the Virtues", in Henderson
	www.fsu.edu /~philo/resources/phi6607_SYLLABUS.htm.html (675 words)

	Oxford University Press: Moral Dilemmas: Philippa Foot
		Moral Dilemmas is the second volume of collected essays by the eminent moral philosopher Philippa Foot, gathering the best of her work from the late 1970s to the 1990s.
		It fills the gap between her famous 1978 collection Virtues and Vice (now reissued) and her acclaimed monograph Natural Goodness, published in 2001.
		In this new collection, Professor Foot develops further her critique of the dominant ethical theories of the last fifty years, and discusses such topics as the nature of moral judgement, practical rationality, and the conflict of virtue with desire and self-interest.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/24385/subject/MoralityandEthics/~~/c2Y9YWxsJnNzPWF1dGhvci5hc2Mmc2Q9YXNjJnBmPTgwJnZpZXc9dXNhJnByPTEwJmJvb2tDb3ZlcnM9eWVzJmNpPTAxOTkyNTI4NFg= (201 words)

	OUP: Rosalind Hursthouse on Virtue Ethics
		And it continued to grip me, promising, as it seemed to me it did, to provide something in the way of a criterion for a character trait’s being a virtue.
		Well, when I say 'my' thoughts, I mean that the very great number I had from Foot, and the many I had from Annas and McDowell, and a few of my own – they all came together, and they form the third, and largest, and final, part of the book, which is called 'Rationality'.
		Virtues and Reasons: Philippa Foot and Moral Theory: Essays in Honour of Philippa Foot
	www.oup.co.uk /academic/humanities/philosophy/viewpoint/hursthouse (609 words)

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