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Topic: Philippe Petain

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Henri Petain

Pierre Laval

Charles de Gaulle

Vichy regime

Fascist

June 18

Social sciences

	Henri-Philippe Petain
		Petain became convinced that the increased fire-power of modern weapons strongly favoured the defensive.
		Petain fed to Switzerland after the Normandy landings but when he returned in April, 1945, he was arrested and charged with treason.
		Petain was found guilty of and sentenced to death for aiding the German enemy.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /FWWpetain.htm (1250 words)

	AllRefer.com - Henri Philippe PEtain (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		In World War II, when France was on the brink of collapse, Premier Paul Reynaud recalled (May, 1940) PEtain from Spain and made him vice premier in an effort to bolster French morale with the name of the hero of Verdun.
		PEtain urged that France sue for an armistice, and on June 16 he succeeded Reynaud as premier.
		PEtain sought to improve the lot of France and of French prisoners of war by collaborating "honorably" with Germany, but his popularity decreased as he yielded to harsh German demands and obtained little in return.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Petain-H.html (485 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Henri-Philippe Petain
		Petain's successor in direct command of the defence, Robert Nivelle, took much of the credit for the successful French counterattacks that regained much of the lost ground later that year, and was promoted beyond Petain to replace Joffre in December 1916.
		Petain restored the fighting capacity of the French forces by improving living conditions for soldiers at the front, and by restricting himself to defensive operations.
		Petain established a Fascist-oriented government that became notorious for its collaboration with the Third Reich.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/petain.htm (544 words)

	Wikinfo \| Vichy France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The French leaders considered retreating to French territories in North Africa but the vice-premier, Henri Philippe Pétain, and the commander-in-chief, General Maxime Weygand insisted that the government should both remain in France and seek an armistice with the Germans.
		Petain was given the power to rewrite a new Constitution, this was never done.
		Petain's vice-presidents were Pierre Laval and Jean-François Darlan.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Vichy_France (871 words)

	philippe pétain maréchal de France chef de l'état français vainqueur de Verdun
		Le maréchal Philippe Pétain chef de l'état français, militaire et homme politique, vainqueur de Verdun, Maréchal de France admiré par ses soldats "les poilus", ambassadeur de France auprès de Franco, chef de l'Etat-français dit "régime de Vichy" nomme Laval président du conseil.
		The marshal Philippe Pétain head of the French, military state and politician, victorious of Verdun, Marshal of France admired by his soldiers "the hairy ones", ambassador of France near Franco, head of State-French says "regime of Vichy" names Laval president of the council.
		Marschall Philippe Pétain Chef französischen, militärischen des Staats und Politiker, Sieger von Verdun, von seinen Soldaten bewunderter Marschall aus Frankreich "die haarigen", französischer Botschafter bei Franco, Chef des sogenannten Standes-französisch "Regime von Vichy" nennt Laval Präsident des Rates.
	www.marechal-petain.com (613 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		HENRI PHILIPPE PETAIN, (1856-1951), French general who was honored as a national hero for his defense of Verdun during World War I but who was convicted after World War II of dealings with the enemy while head of the collaborationist Vichy regime.
		Petain ordered the execution of 27 mutineers, but he also responded to the soldiers' grievances by improving their living conditions.
		In fact, Petain persistently sought to trade his government's cooperation with Germany for a nonpunitive peace, the maintenance of the French empire, and an important role for a regenerated France in the new order that he believed would be established after Germany's victory over Britain.
	gi.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_petain.html (793 words)

	LEHIDEUX AND ISORNI v. FRANCE - 24662/94 [1998] ECHR 90 (23 September 1998)
		He considered that “the political and historical light” in which the applicants had portrayed Philippe Pétain’s policy during the period 1940 to 1944 was “radically different from the approach adopted by the High Court of Justice”: “far from glorifying the policy of collaboration, the defendants...
		In describing Philippe Pétain’s policy as “supremely skilful”, the authors of the text were rather supporting one of the conflicting theories in the debate about the role of the head of the Vichy government, the so-called “double game” theory.
		Since the text presented Philippe Pétain in an entirely favourable light and did not mention any of the offences he had been accused of, and for which he had been sentenced to death by the High Court of Justice, it could without any doubt be regarded as polemical.
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/ECHR/1998/90.html (9719 words)

	World War I - Heroes and War Leaders
		He was replaced by Henri-Philippe Petain in May 1917 and spent the rest of his career in North Africa.
		After the war he was highly critical of the Treaty of Versallies, and became the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army in 1921.
		Petain cared more for the lives of his soldiers and improved their living conditions, unlike Nivelle.
	techcenter.davidson.k12.nc.us /Group9/leaders.htm (996 words)

	Vichy France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vichy France, or the Vichy regime was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II.
		Many officials, including the Prime Minister, Paul Reynaud, wanted to move the government to French territories in North Africa, and continue the war with the French naval fleet and the resources of the French empire.
		Others, particularly the vice-premier Henri Philippe Pétain and the commander-in-chief General Maxime Weygand, insisted that the responsibility of the government was to remain in France and share the misfortune of her people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vichy_France (3862 words)

	Philippe Petain
		French general and politician Henri Philippe Omer Petain graduated from the French Military Academy at St. Cyr in 1878.
		After the French defeat, Petain, then 84 years old, succeeded Paul Reynauld as head of the French government.
		Following the defeat of Germany, Petain was tried for treason and sentenced to death in 1945.
	www.multied.com /Bio/people/Petain.html (154 words)

	Henri Petain
		Efter rättegång i Paris dömdes Petain till döden i augusti 1945 som landsförrädare men benådad till livstids fängelse.
		Petain and Laval cooperated with the Germans in the Vichy administration.
		After trial in Paris Petain was sentence to death penalty in August 1945 but reprieved to lifetime in prison.
	ww2photo.mimerswell.com /person/fr/army/petain.htm (97 words)

	Vichy France
		This was opposed by his vice-premier, Henri-Philippe Petain, and the supreme commander of the armed forces, General Maxime Weygand.
		Henri-Philippe Petain and his ministers fled to Germany where they established an exiled government at Sigmaringen.
		Petain fled to Switzerland after the Normandy landings but when he returned in April, 1945, he was arrested and charged with treason.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-enemy/vichy.htm (3781 words)

	BookRags: Henri Philippe Pétain Biography
		The French general and statesman Henri Philippe Pétain (1856-1951), a military hero in World War I, headed the collaborationist Vichy regime during World War II.
		Philippe Pétain was born to peasant parents on April 24, 1856, at Cauchy-à-la-Tour.
		Promoted to brigadier general on Aug. 31, 1914, Pétain distinguished himself at the Battle of the Marne (1914) and in June 1915 was named a full general and given command of the 11th Army.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/henri-philippe-petain (983 words)

	wais:france: vichy and marshal petain and pierre laval March 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It is interesting that despite the biography posted, the right to defend Marshal Philippe Pétain has been recognized by the European court at Strasbourg.
		After all, it is a principle of law that everyone has a right to a defense in a court of law.
		Henri-Philippe Petain agreed on 18th April 1942 to recall Laval as head of the French government.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/ztopics/week030105/france_050301_vichymarshalpetainlaval.htm (915 words)

	Blackwell Online - Petain's Crime
		Petain's Crime investigates the role of Marechal Philippe Petain in the persecution and mass murder of Jews under the wartime Vichy government.
		Webster has now updated Petain's Crime to cover this historic development, including trials of war criminals and the national denunciation of Vichy that followed the death of President Francois Mitterand, who had opposed official condemnation.
		This text examines the role of Marechal Philippe Petain in the persecution and mass murder of Jews under the Vichy government.
	bookshop.blackwell.co.uk /bobuk/scripts/home.jsp?action=search&type=isbn&term=033048785X&source=3246541172 (252 words)

	Vichy France
		On November 10, Darlan had sent orders to all French commanders to cease fighting.
		Petain, in Vichy, immediately disavowed the act and declared Darlan dismissed.
		Darlan then tried to rescind the order, but this dark would not allow.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWvichy.htm (1840 words)

	Pétain, Henri Philippe - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		PÉTAIN, HENRI PHILIPPE [Pétain, Henri Philippe], 1856-1951, French army officer, head of state of the Vichy government (see under Vichy).
		In World War I he halted the Germans at Verdun (1916), thus becoming the most beloved French military hero of that conflict.
		More information is at your fingertips at HighBeam Research:
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-petain-h1.html (403 words)

	Primo Piano: Philippe Pétain processo a Vichy (1965) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Primo Piano: Philippe Pétain processo a Vichy (1965)
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	www.imdb.com /Title?0208377 (127 words)

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