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	Philippe Pinel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philippe Pinel (April 20, 1745 - October 25, 1826), regarded by many as the father of modern psychiatry, was born in Saint-André, Tarn the son and nephew of physicians.
		Pinel was an Ideologue, a disciple of the abbé de Condillac.
		Pinel was elected to the Académie des Sciences in 1804 and was a member of the Académie de Médecine from its founding in 1820.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippe_Pinel (1040 words)

	Philippe Pinel Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Philippe Pinel was born on April 20, 1745, in the hamlet of Roques.
		Pinel's interests in the mentally ill gradually developed, and in 1793, through the aid of friends in the Revolutionary government of France, he was appointed physician-in-chief at l'Hospice de Bicêtre, a large mental institution in Paris.
		Pinel was professor of hygiene and pathology at the University of Paris from 1794 until 1822, when he was removed by the government because of his past association with persons involved in the Revolution and because he had served as a consulting physician to Napoleon I for a few years after 1805.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/philippe-pinel (420 words)

	Philippe Pinel (www.whonamedit.com)
		Pinel's system of classification was, of course, quite makeshift and grouped together many unrelated disorders, for example, under the classification of internal haemorrhage, he would have such diverse conditions as menorrhagia, haemoptysis, haematuria, haemorrhoids and aneurysms.
		Pinel discarded the long-popular equation of mental illness with demoniacal possession, regarding mental illness as the result of excessive exposure to social and psychological stresses, and in some measure, of heredity and physiological damage.
		Pinel was also concerned with the proper training of infirmary personnel and with the proper administration of an institution for the mentally ill. A generation of specialists in mental diseases, led by Jean Etienne Dominique Esquirol (1772-1840), was educated at the Salpêtrière and disseminated Pinel's ideas throughout Europe.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/1027.html (2537 words)

	Richard Holt
		Pinel, who had extensively measured mammalian skulls for classificatory proposes early in his career, disputes this claim, noting that "the heads of maniacs are not characterized by any peculiarity of conformation that are not to be met with in other heads taken indiscriminately" (Pinel, 123).
		Pinel's doubt that additional post-hoc reflection will reveal the hidden loci of insanity, along with his belief in "the advantage of obtaining an intimate acquaintance with the character of the patient" (Pinel, 191), amounts to the first functionalist challenge to biological reductionism.
		Pinel is present--and in part responsible--for the introduction of that dialectical pendulum that has for two centuries swung between formal and functional analyses of narratives of madness.
	www.english.ufl.edu /pnm/holt.html (9240 words)

	Philippe Pinel Biography \| World of Health
		Pinel was one of the founders of modern psychiatry, as well as a distinguished teacher of internal medicine.
		Pinel was born on April 20, 1745 at Saint André, in southern France.
		Pinel quietly told one patient, an officer with a history of violence who had been at Bicêtre for 40 years, that he would like to take his chains off.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/philippe-pinel-woh (678 words)

	King philippe Pinel
		Pinel's early days were spent in long sea voyages with his father, but he decided to give up seafaring to devote himself entirely to fishing.
		Pinel was “crowned” “King of the Ecréhos” in July, 1863, in the presence of Mr.
		Philippe is described as a man “well into his sixties, small, nervous, strong, a tanned complexion, shaggy, his head covered with fl unkempt locks of hair in which a few white strands were intermingled.
	jersey.pinel.org /king_philip/king_philippe_pinel.html (2522 words)

	Pinel, Philippe (1745-1826) Encyclopedia of Psychology - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philippe Pinel was born near Toulouse, France, the son of a surgeon.
		In 1792, Pinel was appointed chief physician and director of the Bicêtre asylum, where he was able to put into practice his ideas on treatment of the mentally ill, who were commonly kept chained in dungeons at the time.
		Pinel's extensive contributions to medical research also include data on the development, prognosis, and frequency of occurrence of various illnesses, and experiments measuring the effectiveness of medicines.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0002/ai_2699000263 (577 words)

	Philippe Pinel - LoveToKnow 1911
		PHILIPPE PINEL (1745-1826), French physician, was born at the château of Rascas, Saint-Andre, in the department of Tarn, France, on the 20th of April 1745.
		In 1792 he became head physician of the Bicetre, and two years afterwards he received the corresponding appointment at the Salpetriere, where he began to deliver a course of clinical lectures; these formed the basis of his Nosographie philosophique (1798; 6th ed., 1818), which was further developed in La Medecine clinique (1802).
		Pinel was made a member of the Institute in 1803, and soon afterwards was.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Philippe_Pinel (239 words)

	pinel.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philippe Pinel (1745-1826), the son and nephew of physicians, was born in 1745 in a small village in the South of France.
		Pinel became interested in natural history in 1774 when he visited the botanical gardens at Montpellier, where Joseph Tournefort (1656-1708) had arranged over 10,000 species in the order in which he believed God had created them.
		Pinel virtually apprenticed himself to Pussin, attempting to 'enrich the medical theory of mental illness with all the insights that the empirical approach affords.' Pinel transfered his interest in natural history from the mental hospital to the mental hospital, attempting to classify patients into 'distinct species.'
	bms.brown.edu /HistoryofPsychiatry/pinel.html (530 words)

	do XIX veka
		Philippe Pinel in the yard of Parisian hospital Salpatriere
		Finally, Philippe Pinel, at the end of this century, introduced important changes to the treatment of mentally disturbed persons.After three centuries it was introduced humane treatment.
		Pinel, who was a manager of Parisian mental hospital, took off chains from these people, he moved them from dark, dirty cells to clean, tidy rooms.
	www.gcnovibecej.org.yu /english/xixvek.htm (384 words)

	Philippe Pinel biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philippe Pinel (20th April 1745 - 25th October 1826), regarded by many as the father of modern psychiatry, was born in a small town in Languedoc, the son and nephew of physicians.
		In August 1793 Pinel was appointed "physician of the infirmeries" at Bicêtre.
		It was Pussin who replaced iron shackles with straightjackets at Bicêtre in 1797, after Pinel had left for the Salpêtrière.
	philippe-pinel.biography.ms (942 words)

	[No title]
		Pinel’s career thus in standard histories marks a turning point from the custodial role of the asylum/hospital to the therapeutic role.
		Pussin, not medically trained, was replaced by Esquirol, Pinel’s student, in 1911] The Interest in the History of Psychiatry Due to the wave of anti-psychiatry in the 60s.
		Pinel built up his moral system from his own previous empirical experience and he relied explicitly on the experience of the concierges — they had been gathering knowledge from their experience of minding the patients.
	www.pitt.edu /~olbyr/MM17.doc (1340 words)

	PINEL Philippe (1745-1826)
		Philippe PINEL est né dans un petit village du sud de la France à Jonquières près de Castres dans le Tarn, le 20 avril 1745, dans une famille de médecins.
		Pinel avait un certain respect pour les guérisseurs non qualifiés officiellement, il pensait que ceux-ci pouvaient amener "quelques progrès à la doctrine de l'aliénation mentale".
		Pinel, pragmatique avant tout exerça une influence considérable sur l'organisation du traitement des aliénés.
	www.medarus.org /Medecins/MedecinsTextes/pinelp.html (1532 words)

	Philippe Pinel: ZoomInfo Business People Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pinel certainly commented on unnecessary brutality in mental hospitals, but his overriding concern was to discover effective cures, not to impose a humanitarian code of conduct on psychiatrists.
		Pinel released mental patients from their manacles and chains in which they had been kept.
		Pinel was medical doctor to the mentally ill at both the male and female asylums in Paris.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Pinel_Philippe_23499199.htm (515 words)

	Pinel, Philippe - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pinel, Philippe, 1745-1826, French physician, M.D. Univ. of Toulouse, 1773.
		He further contributed to the development of psychiatry through his establishment of the practice of keeping well-documented psychiatric case histories for research.
		Itard's 1828 memoire on "mutism caused by a lesion of the intellectual functions": a historical analysis.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-pinel-ph.html (360 words)

	Selected publications of Philippe Pinel
		Philippe Pinel, Manuela Piazza, Denis LeBihan, and Stanislas Dehaene.
		Stanislas Dehaene, Manuela Piazza, Philippe Pinel, and Laurent Cohen.
		Philippe Pinel, Gurvan Le Clec'h, Pierre-François van de Moortele, Lionel Naccache, Denis LeBihan, and Stanislas Dehaene.
	www.unicog.org /biblio/Author/PINEL-P.html (315 words)

	The human brain and comparative judgments
		Philippe Pinel and colleagues from the Unit of Cognitive Neuroimaging in Orsay, France designed a study to investigate how the brain processes the information that is used to make comparative judgments about numerical information and nonnumerical stimuli like size and luminance.
		The authors observed that, during comparative judgments, the relative continuous quantities of number, size, and luminance are represented in distributed and overlapping regions of the cortex, with no single region uniquely selective for one particular stimulus.
		According to Dr. Pinel, "Our results demonstrate that, during comparative judgments, continuous dimensions such as luminance and size are neither processed by distinct regions of highly specialized cortex nor by a single generic comparison system.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=6784 (441 words)

	Biographie du Dr Philippe Pinel
		PINEL délivrant les aliénés, peinture de Tony Robert-Fleury (1837-1912).
		Le Pinel libérateur devient tout au long du XIXe siècle un véritable mythe,ce qui occulte le reniement de ses conceptions thérapeutiques dans les asiles.
		Certains ont pu dire qu'en arrachant les fous aux maisons de force, Pinel a permis de remplacer leurs chaînes par une contention plus subtile et définitive.
	www.ch-charcot56.fr /histoire/biograph/pinel.htm (331 words)

	Pinel, Philippe - Onmeda: Medizin und Gesundheit
		Pinel kam erst über ein Studium der Theologie und Philosophie zur Medizin, die er in Toulouse studierte.
		Aber die durch Pinel erstmals in dieser Breite und Ausführlichkeit durchgeführte Nosographie der zu dieser Zeit deutbaren Geisteskrankheiten zeigt ihn als einen vom aufklärerischen Impuls getragenen humanitären Arzt.
		Den von Pinel vorgezeichneten Weg ist wenig später der Begründer der wissenschaftlichen Psychiatrie in Deutschland, Wilhelm Griesinger (1817-1868), weitergegangen; er initiierte die Universitätspsychiatrie und verschaffte damit der deutschen Psychiatrie internationale Geltung.
	www.onmeda.de /lexika/persoenlichkeiten/pinel.html (617 words)

	Freud and Psychoanalysis
		Philippe Pinel was born on April 20, 1745, in the small town of Saint André.
		Pinel moved to Montpellier in 1774 where he tutored wealthy students in anatomy and mathematics.
		Pinel is also remembered for dismissing the demonic possession theory of mental illness for once and for all, and for eliminating treatments such as bleeding from his hospital.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/psychoanalysis.html (10887 words)

	Biography.html
		Pinel's asylum, according to Foucault, was 'a site of moral syntheses where insanities born on the outer limits of society were eliminated.
		Jean-Baptiste Pussin was born in 1746 and worked as a tanner before he was admitted to the Bicêtre in 1771 for scrofula, which was "cured." As often happened with former patients, he found employment at the hospital, first on the boy's ward and then, in 1784, as superintendent of the ward for incurable mental patients.
		Pinel met Pussin there in 1793, at the height of the reign of terror.
	bms.brown.edu /HistoryofPsychiatry/Biography.html (1830 words)

	Clinical Updates 12-13-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Though this view goes against recommendations of confinement, punishment, and bleeding, Dr. Pinel has had positive outcomes with kindness.
		Pinel describes the case of a deluded tailor who believed he would soon be executed under the guillotine.
		When work therapy-mending patients’ clothes-met only short-term success, Dr. Pinel staged a mock trial in which the tailor was acquitted.
	www.physweekly.com /archive/99/12_20_99/cu1.html (89 words)

	PINEL, Philippe, Traité médico-philosophique sur l'aliénation mentale, ou la manie. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		PINEL, Philippe, Traité médico-philosophique sur l'aliénation mentale, ou la manie.
		Pinel (1745-1826), a Paris physician and founder of the French School of Psychiatry, devoted his life to treatment of the insane.
		Shocked by inhumane conditions in mental institutions, he dispensed with use of chains and placed his patients under the care of specially selected physicians.
	www.polybiblio.com /blroot/493.html (150 words)

	Schizophrenia Awareness Week 2006
		However, because of the increased number of activities and the significance of the cause, the NSF has expanded the observance to a full week for 2005.
		Schizophrenia Awareness Week honors the work of Dr. Philippe Pinel, a major figure in the early efforts to provide humane care and treatment for the mentally ill. Appointed chief physician at the men's "insane" asylum in Paris in the late 18th Century, Dr. Pinel was horrified to see the patients restrained to walls by chains.
		Although warned against it, Dr. Pinel took a bold and unprecedented move to remove the chains from the patients.
	www.nsfoundation.org /saw2006.htm (161 words)

	Philippe Pinel, Traite medico-philosophique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is Philippe Pinel providing a synopsis of Sir Alexander Crichton's An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Mental Derangement, Comprehending a Concise System of the Physiology and Pathology of the Human Mind, and a History of the Passions and their Effects.
		The alienist, Pinel, was a great contributor to psychiatry and was praised by Hegel for his particular method of dealing with the "intermittently insane" in such a way as to humanely exploit their lucid moments.
		One is reminded of Sterne's jerkin; the body is the outside, the mind the inside; rumple one, you rumple the other.
	www.engl.virginia.edu /~enec981/dictionary/04pinelK1.html (156 words)

	PINEL, PHILIPPE (1745–... - Online Information article about PINEL, PHILIPPE (1745–...
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		Pinel was made a member of the See also:
		Institute in 1803, and soon afterwards was appointed See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PIG_POL/PINEL_PHILIPPE_17451826_.html (311 words)

	AllRefer.com - Philippe Pinel (Psychology And Psychiatry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Philippe Pinel (Psychology And Psychiatry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Philippe Pinel[fElEp´ pEnel´] Pronunciation Key, 1745–1826, French physician, M.D. Univ. of Toulouse, 1773.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Philippe Pinel
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Pinel-Ph.html (197 words)

	Former psychiatric patients at Pinel will sue for mistreatment
		As many as 600 former patients at a maximum-security psychiatric hospital are moving ahead with a class-action lawsuit alleging abuse, despite the institution's attempts to block a controversial Swiss report that lawyers say is key to the case.
		A former patient launched the lawsuit after he was hospitalized at Pinel in 2001.
		Hospital employees labelled him as violent, and they allegedly mistreated him during his transfer to another hospital.
	www.cbc.ca /canada/montreal/story/2006/10/11/qc-pinelclassaction.html (1238 words)

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