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Topic: Philippine Constabulary

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	PHILIPPINE MILITARY ACADEMY
		ARMED FORCES OF The Philippine Military Academy began with the establishment of the Academia Militar on October 25, 1898 at Malolos, Bulacan by virtue of a decree issued by the first president of the young Philippine republic, General Emilio Aguinaldo.
		On 17 February 1905, an Officer's school of the Philippine Constabulary was established at the Walled City of Intramuros in Manila.
		In 1993, the Philippine Military Academy was transformed into a ‘Tri-Service Academy', which introduced specialized, branch-of-service-specific courses in the last two years of training, thus eliminating or reducing the in-service training required to prepare fresh PMA graduates for their specific branch of service.
	www.pma.ph /about.htm (569 words)

	Philippine Constabulary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Philippine Constabulary (PC) was one of two national police forces of the Philippines and was organized in 1901 by the United States appointed administrative authority.
		The Philippine Constabulary Rangers, or PC Rangers, were independent light infantry companies which served as a counter-insurgency force similar to United States Army Rangers and were organized into 12 large regional companies.
		After the fall of the Marcos regime in the 1980s, it was determined that a new Philippine National Police was to be formed by merging the Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary, with the PC forming the basis as it had the most developed infrastructure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine_Constabulary (421 words)

	Philippine Scouts Heritage Society (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Philippine Scouts were a component of the Regular Army which had its roots in the urge for empire which captivated the leading powers of Europe — and the United States — in the last quarter of the 19th Century.
		The carabou is the beast of burden of the Philippine Islands.
		The Philippine Department's insignia was worn by all scouts not assigned to the Philippine Division, including the cavalry and coast artillery regiments.
	www.philippine-scouts.org /Articles/insignia.html (2343 words)

	Philippine-American War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Philippine Army continued suffering defeats time and time again by the better armed Americans when fighting conventional warfare, forcing Aguinaldo to continuously change his base of operations, which he did off and on for nearly the length of the entire war.
		There were also 2,000 casualties that the Philippine Constabulary suffered during the war, over a thousand of which were fatalities.
		Philippine military deaths are estimated at 20,000 (16 thousand actually counted) while civilian deaths numbered in 250,000 to 1,000,000 Filipinos.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine-American_War (4072 words)

	Philippine Constabulary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Philippine Constabulary was the national police force of the Philippines and was organized in 1901.
		Jungle Patrol History of the Philippine Constabulary, from its formation in 1901 until its dissolution in 1936.
		Philippine Centennial/Sentenaryo The Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War and their impact on politics and culture.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Philippine_Constabulary.html (328 words)

	Baguio Philippines - General Information - TravelPH.Com
		Marker of the Philippine Commission's First Session in Baguio - This is the site of the building where the members of the Philippine Commission met from April 22 to June 11, 1904 and officially initiated the use of Baguio as the Philippine Summer Capital.
		Philippine Military Academy - The Philippine Commission promulgated Act No. 175 which became the basis for the creation of the Philippine Constabulary in August 8, 1905.
		With the passage of the Jones Law, the school was later changed to "Academy for officers of the Philippine Constabulary" with a two-year curriculum.
	www.travelph.com /resorts/baguio (1158 words)

	PMA Maharlika Class of 1984 Online, the official home site of the PMA Class of 1984. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Philippine Military Academy began with the establishment of the Academia Militar on October 25, 1898 at Malolos, Bulacan by virtue of a decree issued by the then President Emilio Aguinaldo.
		On 17 February 1905, an Officer's school of the Philippine Constabulary was established at the Walled City of Intramuros in Manila.
		Philippine political and military leaders are united in restoring the role of the military to external defense and relegating the peace-keeping function to the Philippine National Police (which had absorbed the Philippine Constabulary) under civilian authority.
	www.peemayers.net /pmalandmarks.asp (778 words)

	Philippines THE ARMED FORCES IN NATIONAL LIFE - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current ...
		Philippine military tradition traces the formal beginnings of the national armed forces to the military force established under the revolutionary government in 1897 by Emilio Aguinaldo.
		Although originally staffed by Filipinos and led by Americans, the Philippine Constabulary acquired a Filipino chief in 1917, and by 1933 nearly all its officers were Filipino.
		The Philippine Constabulary's role in national life waned in the 1920s as civilian institutions began to develop, but military influence rose again with the establishment of the army in 1936, the year after the Philippines achieved commonwealth status.
	www.photius.com /countries/philippines/national_security/philippines_national_security_the_armed_forces_in_~10354.html (1093 words)

	Dilemmas and Continuity: Towards the Development of the First Professional Force (1898-1941)
		The Philippine Constabulary was basically an enlarged and strengthened police force, under the civil government, but not trained or prepared militarily to fight a full scale war in the defense of the country.
		Although the Constabulary had been made the nucleus of the army, the PC officers were not trained nor experienced in large scale combat operations; thus most of its officers had to be retrained.
		The Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC), which was formerly the Philippine Constabulary Air Corps, was the air arm of the army, was conceived to defend Philippine skies, and to perform reconnaissance and liaison functions.
	www.geocities.com /afpmuseum/history/history_chapter02.htm (8573 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philippine Islands
		The fauna of the Philippines resembles that of the neighboring Malayan Islands to a certain extent.
		Spanish sovereignty in the Philippines was threatened by the capture of Manila by the British under Draper in 1762.
		On 16 Oct., 1907, the Philippine Assembly was inaugurated.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12010a.htm (7278 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is the principal body of defense for the nation, under the leadership of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the Republic of the Philippines.
		The National Defense College of the Philippines and Philippine Military Academy are the principal defense training institutions.
		The Philippine Department of National Defense and the AFP are currently undertaking comprehensive, integrated and long-term efforts to further boost the capability of the Philippines military to respond and address the multi-front fight against various security threats, particularly terrorism and insurgency.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Armed-Forces-of-the-Philippines.htm (1635 words)

	Jungle Patrol - 23. Bibliography
		DURING the search for material the author became aware of the fact that the general subject of the Philippine Constabulary had been sadly neglected by the writers of American battle memoirs.
		There was in existence no study of the Philippine Constabulary, and very little on the corps in the books devoted to the Philippine Islands.
		With this limited material available it became apparent that any account of the Philippine Constabulary must be the result of contact with individuals who had been present during those stirring days of its inception.
	www.bakbakan.com /junglep/jp-23.html (717 words)

	Subject guide to Philippine Constabulary materials in Manuscript collections, University of Oregon Libraries Special ...
		In 1908 he was commissioned 3rd Lt. in the Philippine Constabulary, rose to the grade of Captain, and retired in 1918.
		He enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1898, served in the Philippines, was appointed 3rd Lt. in the Philippine Constabulary (1903), and rose to the grade of Lt. Col.
		He was appointed inspector of the Philippine Constabulary in 1905, and became chief of the Mindanao District, 1909-1914.
	libweb.uoregon.edu /speccoll/guides/phil.html (911 words)

	MP school history part1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In August of the next year, a system of competitive examinations for Constabulary officers was instituted, requiring officers to prove their knowledge of spelling, arithmetic, writing, history, geography, civil government, drill regulations, Spanish and native dialects.
		On 17 February 1905 the Constabulary Officers' School was formally established at the Santa Lucia Barracks in Intramuros or the walled portion of Manila.
		Bringing his experience with the Constabulary in the Philippines, BG Bandholtz set about developing the Military Police Corps into an effective organization and made major contributions to the organization and operation of the school at Autun.
	www.dutch23mp.bravepages.com /graphics/mpschool1.htm (1555 words)

	Fifty Years on the Wings (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The recruits were 10 Philippine Constabulary Officers and 23 men from the National Guard.
		The Philippine Air Service was established on July 1920 to ferry mail and passengers between Manila and the ports of Cebu, Iloilo, and Zamboanga.
		The PCAC eventually became the Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC) as the PC was incorporated as a unit of a newly created Philippine Army.
	www.paf.mil.ph /HISTORY/50yrs.html (1199 words)

	Wikinfo \| Philippine-American War (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Note: Recent evidence from the National Historial institute of the Philippines say that the Filipino soldier shot by the (said drunk) American soldiers is not in San Juan del Monte, but in present-day Sociego Street in Manila.
		By the end of February, the Americans had prevailed in the struggle for Manila, and the Philippine Army of Liberation was forced to retreat north.
		During the U.S. occupation, English was declared the official language, although the languages of the Philippine people were Spanish, Visayan, Tagalog, Ilocano and other native languages.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Philippine-American_War (1471 words)

	The Philippines in the Korean War: Poor as we are
		The Philippine Army had nine of its 10 Battalion Combat Teams (BCTs) and its only artillery battalion fighting guerillas of the Communist-led Hukbalahap or Huks when the 10th BCT was selected as the first Korea bound combat unit on 23 August 1950.
		Communist China strongly influenced the PKP partly because of the proximity of the Philippines to China.
		Chinese Communists were smuggled into the Philippines from Mainland China to advise the PKP on the military and non-military aspects of fomenting a people’s revolution.
	www.geocities.com /peftok/Peftokpoor.html (1124 words)

	[No title]
		A military strategist whose name is legendary in the pre-war Philippine Constabulary and during the guerilla campaigns against the Japanese occupation armies, Senator Ruperto K. Kangleon served his government and people since early youth.
		As a young man, Kangleon was admitted to the Philippine Constabulary School, the precursor of the Philippine Military Academy in Baguio City.
		Blas Miranda, a mere second lieutenant of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) before World War II that dubiously carried the rank of Brigadier General in a certain Camp Heaven in the mountains near Ormoc City, refused to recognize Kangleon’s leadership.
	www.dnd.gov.ph /DNDWEBPAGE_files/snds/kangleon.html (2501 words)

	American-Philippine Relations--B
		He was promoted to brigadier general and chief of the constabulary forces, a post that he held from 1907 until he left the Islands in 1913.
		While chronicling each phase of his Philippine career, the Bandholtz papers also provide material on the role played by the American military in the years immediately following the annexation of the Philippine Islands and on the role of the Philippine Constabulary.
		The four volumes of Philippine Constabulary Reports (1906-1913) include intelligence reports of conversations and meetings, of contents of letters, and of the movements of Filipino leaders.
	www.umich.edu /~bhl/bhl/mhchome/philip/philb.htm (1342 words)

	The American Experience \| MacArthur \| People & Events \| Manuel L. Quezon (1878-1944)
		In 1904, while in the Philippines on his very first assignment out of West Point, Lieutenant Douglas MacArthur wrote a pamphlet on reconnaissance for the Philippine Constabulary, the newly established paramilitary police force.
		Captain James G. Harbord, head of the Constabulary, was so impressed that he took MacArthur out to dinner at the swank Army and Navy Club, overlooking Manila Bay.
		He succeeded with the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act in March of 1934, which granted the Philippines commonwealth status, to be followed by complete autonomy in 1946.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/macarthur/peopleevents/pandeAMEX108.html (768 words)

	[No title]
		Includes annual reports of the GovernorGeneral of the Philippines, the Philippine Commission, the Division (later Department of the Philippines), and the acts of the Philippine Commission.
		Philippine Constabulary p.5 Hasdorff, James C. "Jerry Lee: Founding Father of the Philippine Air Force." Aerospace Hist 20 (Dec 1974): pp.
		Philippine Constabulary p.6 Morton, Louis L. The Fall of the Philippines.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usamhi/bibliographies/referencebibliographies/Philippines/constab.doc (755 words)

	World War II
		division in the Philippines at the onset of hostilities.
		The 1st Regiment of the Philippines' national police force was inducted into USAFFE on October 15, 1941, and the 2nd Regiment was inducted on November 17.
		A 4th Constabulary Regiment was constituted on Bataan in January 1942, made up of members of the palace guard and individual constabulary stations that retreated to Bataan with the USAFFE army.
	www.bataandiary.com /Research.htm (5807 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		The public funds abstracted and taken consisted of Philippine coin and paper currency of the value of 9,971 pesos and 26 centavos, equivalent in value to 49,856 pesetas, in violation of paragraph 3 of article 390 of the Philippine Penal Code.
		The first six assignments of error cover objections to this action of the court in amending its record, and to the want of presence of the accused, and the failure to show by the record the arraignment of the accused, their plea to the complaint, and their presence during the trial.
		It was intended to prevent the conviction of the accused upon depositions or ex parte affidavits, and particularly to preserve the right of the accused to test the recollection of the witness in the exercise of the right of cross-examination.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=221&page=325 (1936 words)

	Baguio Philippines - General Information - Travelinternational.net
		With the passage of the Jones Law, the school was later changed to "Academy for officers of the Philippine Constabulary".
		After the war the PMA headquarters was temporarily relocated at Camp Murphy and later at Alabang, while Camp Allen was being rehabilitated.
		The plan was approved on January 8, 1908 and the camp was opened on April 6, 1908.
	www.travelinternational.net /resorts/baguio (491 words)

	The Philippine Scouts - 1900-1946
		The Philippine Scouts (PS) were composed of Filipino's enlisted as members of the regular United States Army.
		By law their service was restricted to the Philippines except in time of war.
		In 1919-1920 the regiments were reorganized and redesignated as the 43rd, 45th, and 57th Infantry Regiments (Philippine Scouts), the 24th and 25th Field Artillery Regiments (PS) and later the 26th Cavalry Regiment (PS).
	www.geocities.com /Eureka/Plaza/7750/philippinescouts.html (634 words)

	Gen. Crame to get ... - Aug. 08, 2003
		NEARLY 80 years after his death, Brigadier General Rafael Crame, the first Filipino chief of the defunct Philippine Constabulary, will finally be accorded a hero's burial.
		Crame, in whose honor the general headquarters of the Philippine National Police is named, served as constabulary chief from 1917 until his death 10 years later at the age of 64.
		He rose to prominence by leading successful campaigns of the Philippine Constabulary against several criminal gangs, mostly in the provinces.
	www.inq7.net /brk/2003/aug/08/text/brkoth_1-1-p.htm (141 words)

	Subject guide to travel accounts of Ireland in Manuscript collections, University of Oregon Special Collections
		There is also a printed constitution of the Philippine Constabulary Officers Association, and issues of the Bulletin of the Association, no. 2, 4-18 (1950-1956).
		He joined the Philippine Constabulary in 1901, rose to the rank of colonel, and retired in 1914.
		With the papers are Philippine Islands newspapers and periodicals: The American (18 numbers), The American Soldier (2 numbers), Freedom (20 numbers), Heraldo Filipino (1 number), La Independencia (2 numbers), The New Orient (1 number), La Republica Filipina (1 number), The Kon Leche (1 number), and The Soldier’s Letter (2 numbers).
	libweb.uoregon.edu /speccoll/guides/spanish.html (1433 words)

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