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Topic: Philippine Creole Spanish

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Spanish Creole

Spanish in the Philippines

Chavacano

Spanish Constitution of 1978

Tagalog language

Tagalog

Spain

History of the Philippines

	Spanish - Language Information & Resources
		Spanish is one of the Romance languages in the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European language family, and within Spain, and has two major dialects: Andalusian and Castilian.
		The Castilian dialect of Spanish gained wider acceptance during the reign of the Catholic monarchs Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragón, who completed the reconquest of Spain in 1492 by pushing the Moors from their last stronghold in the southern city of Granada.
		In the Philippines, which were incorporated into the Spanish Empire in the mid-16th century, Spanish served as the language of the ruling class, of civil and judicial administration, and of culture.
	www.alsintl.com /languages/spanish.htm (1452 words)

	Spanish language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spanish originated in Castile, Spain; it was brought to the Western Hemisphere and other parts of the world in the last five centuries by Spanish explorers, colonists and empire-builders.
		Spanish is one of the official languages of the United Nations and the European Union.
		Spanish ceased to be an official language of the Philippines in 1987, and it is now spoken by less than 0.01% of the population, or 2,658 people (1990 Census), though recently there seems to have been a resurgence in interest in the language among educated youth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_language (3930 words)

	Chavacano language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chavacano (as a proper noun, as a derivative of the Spanish adjective "chabacano," and as it is generally accepted in literature, the broadcast media, and Zamboangeños) or Chabacano (as the Spanish adjective) is the common name for the several varieties of the Philippine Creole Spanish spoken in the Philippines.
		The vocabulary is predominantly derived from the Spanish language, while grammar is mostly based on other Philippine languages such as Tagalog and Cebuano.
		In Chavacano de Zamboanga, there are three different levels of usage for certain pronouns depending on the level of familiarity between the speaker and the addressee, the status of both in family and society, or the mood of the speaker and addressee at the particular moment: common, familiar, and formal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chavacano_language (1806 words)

	[No title]
		Spanish is still a subject in the university curriculum (despite current pressure to remove the requirement), and formerly Spanish was widely taught in the public schools.
		Spanish speakers are frequently members of Spanish landowning and commercial families, which have managed to retain and even expand their fortunes throughout the various post-colonial administrations in the Philippines.
		Indeed, non-creole Spanish of the Philippines is quite close to Peninsular ‘Castilian’ models, being spoken largely by families with recent ancestors from Spain, and differing from the dialects of the latter country mainly in pronunciation and the occasional slight grammatical or lexical difference.
	filipinokastila.tripod.com /chaba12.html (8899 words)

	Spanish language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Spanish language (Castellano or Español) is a Romance language, the third or fourth most spoken language on the planet, spoken by about 352 million persons in 1999 in the seven continents, especially in The Americas.
		Spanish is written using the Latin alphabet, with a few special letters: the vowels can be marked with an acute accent (´, é, í, ó, ú), diaeresis u (üaut;), and n with tilde (ñ).
		Spanish is nicknamed la lengua de Cervantes (the language of Cervantes, the author of the Quixote).
	usapedia.com /s/spanish-language.html (2041 words)

	Wikinfo \| Spanish language (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Spanish language (Castellano or Español) is the third or fourth most spoken language on the planet, spoken by about 352 million persons speakers in 1999 in the seven continents, especially in The Americas.
		The Spanish language was developed from vulgar Latin, with influence from the Basque and Arabic languages, in the Iberian Peninsula.
		Spanish is also spoken in Andorra, Belize, Canada, Gibraltar, Israel, Morocco, Netherlands Antilles, Philippines, United States of America, Trinidad and Tobago and Western Sahara.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Spanish_Language (1311 words)

	Creole at Caribbean Topfunwebsites (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Throughout the Spanish colonization of the Americas of Latin America, the Spanish caste system made distinction between ''criollos'' and the higher-ranking and governing ''peninsulares'', despite both being of pure Spanish ancestry — the only distinction being that the latter were born on the Iberian Peninsula, hence the name.
		However, Colonial era documents show that a broader usage of the term was already common by the late 18th century, with references to "free Creoles of Color" and even to slaves of pure African descent born in Louisiana as "Creole slaves".
		Louisianans who identify themselves as "Creole" are most commonly from historically French language communities with some ancestors who came to Louisiana either directly from France or via the French colonies in the Caribbean; those decended from the Acadians of French Canada are more likely to identify themselves as Cajun than Creole.
	www.topfunwebsites.com /haiti/creole.html (1107 words)

	Creole Languages
		Creole languages then arose among the children of the workers through the "expansion" of pidgin; there was little occasion for the children to use the ancestral languages of their parents, and they still lacked access to the language of the dominant culture.
		In all the creole languages the anterior particle precedes the irreal particle, and the irreal particle precedes the nonpunctual particle.
		The similarities among creole languages and the likelihood that the language arose independently of one another suggest that creoles develop among children whenever there is no adequate native language to serve as a model.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~thompsoc/Creole.html (5496 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:cbk
		A creole with predominantly Spanish vocabulary and Philippine-type grammatical structure.
		Newell, Leonard E. Review of: a composite dictionary of Philippine Creole Spanish, by Maria Isabelita O. Riego de Dios.
		Riego de Dios, Maria Isabelita O. A composite dictionary of Philippine Creole Spanish.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=cbk (198 words)

	Spanish Influence on Filipino Food
		Yet, even the most native of local foods, namely the sinigang, Spanish influence is evident in the use of herbal spices, such as tanglad (lemon grass), and bambawing (a "weed" which seems to be peculiar to Zamboanga, and looks and smells like a "wild" member of the basil family).
		The Philippines was already engaged in a thriving cultural and commercial exchange with China, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia before the Spaniards arrived.
		Although the Philippines is part of Asia, Filipino language and its regional ethnic dialects are heavily studded with Spanish words and phrases.
	asiarecipe.com /phispanish.html (2764 words)

	Chabacano Research Paperwork
		In the contemporary Philippines, fluency in Spanish is generally restricted to a small and aging elite of mixed Philippine-Spanish heritage; the typical fluent Spanish speaker has at least one parent or grandparent born in Spain, and belongs to wealthy landowning or empresarial classes far-removed from the grass-roots level at which Chabacano is spoken.
		Spanish speakers are frequently members of Spanish landowning and commercial families, which have managed to retain and even expand their fortunes throughout the various post-colonial administrations in the Philippines.
		Indeed, non-creole Spanish of the Philippines is quite close to Peninsular `Castilian' models, being spoken largely by families with recent ancestors from Spain, and differing from the dialects of the latter country mainly in pronunciation and the occasional slight grammatical or lexical difference.
	www.zamboanga.com /html/history_Chabacano_de_Zamboanga2.htm (12635 words)

	Orange Coast College - About the Language
		Spanish is used by 417 million people around the world (352 million of whom count it as their first language), and is the most studied foreign language in the United States.
		The Spanish language was developed from vulgar Latin, with influence from Basque and Arabic, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.
		Spanish is one of the official languages of the United Nations, the European Union and the African Union.
	www.orangecoastcollege.edu /academics/divisions/lit_lang/world_languages/spanish/Spanish.htm (572 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on creole (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Throughout the colonial history of Latin America, the Spanish caste system made distinction between criollos and the higher-ranking and governing peninsulares, despite both being of unmixed Spanish ancestry andmdash; the only distinction being that the latter were born on the Iberian Peninsula, hence the name.
		Louisianans who identify themselves as "Creole" are most commonly from historically Francophone communities with some ancestors who came to Louisiana either directly from France or via the French colonies in the Caribbean; those descended from the Acadians of French Canada are more likely to identify themselves as Cajun than Creole.
		In the Caribbean region, the term creole is used to describe anyone, regardless of race or ethnicity, who was born and raised in the region.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/creole (1764 words)

	Philippines Energy
		The Philippines is one of the claimants, along with China, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Vietnam, to the Spratly Islands, located in the South China Sea.
		The Philippine government is developing a policy framework for the country's emerging natural gas industry that foresees the government's role as that of facilitator.
		Electricity demand in the Philippines is expected to grow by around 9% per year through the end of the decade, necessitating as much as 10,000 MW of new installed electric capacity.
	www.wn.com /philippinesenergy (4136 words)

	The Spanish and Chabacano(Creole Spanish) Situation in the Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Spanish and Chabacano(Creole Spanish) Situation in the Philippines
		Chabacano/Spanish and the Philippine linguistic identity by John M. Lipski, The Pennsylvania State University
		THE PHILIPPINE CREOLE SPANISH (PCS): A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Ateneo de Manila by Sister Maria Isabelita O. Riego de Dios, R.V.M. "Palenquero and Chabacano" by Ian Mackenzie, University of Newcastle upon Tyne
	filipinokastila.tripod.com /chabig.html (176 words)

	Latin Spanish Translation - Translate Latin Spanish Language Translator
		The language was brought to the Americas, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Marianas, Palau and the Philippines, by the Spanish colonization since 16th century.
		In the Philippines, this process did not occur because, following the Philippine-American War, English was declared an official language, with Spanish being downgraded or phased out, ceasing to be an official language in 1973.
		Spanish is also spoken in Andorra, Belize, Canada, Gibraltar, Israel, northern Morocco, Netherlands Antilles, Philippines, United States of America, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey (as Judaeo-Spanish) and Western Sahara.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/spanishlatin.shtml (710 words)

	Tagalog one of the major languages of the Philippines.
		Tagálog is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines.
		It was written in Spanish and two versions of Tagalog; one written in Baybayin and the other in the Latin alphabet.
		Throughout the 300 years of Spanish occupation, there have been grammars and dictionaries written by Spanish clergymen such as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1835) and Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la adminstración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850).
	www.philippines-travel-guide.com /tagalog.html (1049 words)

	Spanish in Contact: Introduction
		This volume is about contact between Spanish and some of these other language varieties with which it interacts in communities around the world.
		Most of the works were originally presented, in abbreviated oral form, at the XII Symposium on Spanish and Portuguese Bilingualism, held in Miami in 1991 and co-sponsored by Florida International University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
		She examines the Spanish spoken by partially-assimilated Quechua Indians, focusing on the adaptations made to standard Spanish structure.
	www.cascadilla.com /sicintro.html (2922 words)

	seocontest2008
		Alibata - Chavacano (as a proper noun and a derivative of the Spanish adjective "chabacano" and as it is generally accepted in literature, the broadcast media, and Zamboangueños) or Chabacano (from the Spanish adjective) is the common name for the several varieties of the Philippine Creole Spanish spoken in the Philippines.
		According to the official 2000 Philippine census, there were altogether 607,200 Chavacano speakers in the Philippines in that same year.
		There are several varieties of this creole and their classification is based on their substrate languages and the regions where they are commonly spoken.
	alibata-chavacano.blogspot.com (462 words)

	CHAVACANO de ZAMBOANGA
		It is basically Spanish in spite of evident alterations in morphology, phonetics, syntax and lexicon.
		First is uno tras otro (Spanish for one after another) is the literal depiction of and allusion to sausage or longaniza.
		It is our ardent hope that the riddles and proverbs of that cherished Philippine creole Spanish, the Spanish dialect of Cavite, will not go down with them to the grave.
	www.zamboanga.com /chavacano/chavacano_de_zamboanga_proverbs.htm (2316 words)

	Spanish language
		It is spoken by 332 million[1] people in countries where it is an official language, 94.6% of the whole population, 1998 data, currently these countries amount a total estimated population of 398 million, and by more than 32 million where it is an unofficial language (28 million in the US[2], 2000 data).
		Speakers can be nowadays estimated in 410 million in number, making Spanish the most widely spoken Romance language
		The island nations of Guam, Palau, Northern Marianas, Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia all once had Spanish speakers, but Spanish has long since been forgotten, and now only exists as an influence on the local native languages.
	www.1bx.com /en/Spanish_language.htm (3914 words)

	Tagalog (Filipino)
		Tagalog is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines and functions as its lingua franca.
		It is spoken in central and southern Luzon, in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, and on some of the other islands.
		Frequent contact between Tagalog and Spanish during the Spanish occupation of the Philippines has resulted in Philippine Creole Spanish known as Chabacano.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/june/Tagalog.html (1129 words)

	Links to Website on the History and Dialectology of Spanish
		Revista Filipina Articles on the disappearance of Spanish in the Philippines and the Spanish roots of vernacular speech.
		La Lengua de Castilla A history of the language, with emphasis on the viewpoint that Castillian should not be called "Spanish." In Spanish.
		Spanish in the US Information on the number and origin of Spanish speakers in the US, as well as how Spanish and English have influenced each other.
	people.cas.sc.edu /deholt01/links/Historyofspanishlinks.html (2009 words)

	Philippine Centre — PEN Poem Relay
		Hiligaynon is spoken in the Visayas region, found in the central area of the Philippines, particularly in the cities of Iloilo on Panay Island, and in Negros Occidental.
		Tagalog is the most-spoken language in the Philippines and is the basis for the national language, Filipino.
		Iloko is the third most-spoken language in the Philippines, spoken primarily in the northwestern provinces of Luzon Island—Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Abra, Pangasinan, Cagayan, and the Mountain Province.
	www.penpoemrelay.org /poems/philippine-centre (1453 words)

	Project on the Bibliography of
		Lipski, John M. "The Portuguese Element in Philippine Creole Spanish: a Critical Reassessment." Philippine Journal of Linguistics 16-17.1-17.
		"Creole Aspect and Morphological Typology." Francis Byrne and John Holm (eds.), Atlantic Meets Pacific: a Global View of Pidginization and Creolization.
		Roy, John D. "The Structure of Tense and Aspect in Barbadian English Creole." Manfred GÃ¶rlach and John Holm (eds.), Focus on the Caribbean.
	www.utsc.utoronto.ca /~binnick/TENSE/OnCreoles.htm (2445 words)

	John Benjamins: Contributions by John M. Lipski
		Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 19:2, 406 ff.
		In Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages, Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid and Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), 437 ff.
		In Creole Genesis, Attitudes and Discourse, Rickford, John R. and Suzanne Romaine (eds.), 215 ff.
	www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_authorview.cgi?author=8174 (654 words)

	Authors -- Information and Resources about Spanish Dictionary
		Spanish courses, lessons, and tutorials for all ages and levels in New York City by experienced native professor and useful Spanish links.
		The development of Creole Spanish from its beginning on June 23, 1635,; and the current state of the Spanish language in the Philippines.
		The Spanish vocal group is named after the title of a book which was written in 1554 by the blind Spanish composer Miguel de Fuenllana. Information in English, Spanish and German.
	www.authorswrite.com /spanishdictionary (2635 words)

	Philippine Utilities - Worldnews Network
		At the Philippine Stock Exchange, the composite index closed 2.9 percent higher as bargain-hunters took their cue from gains on Wall Street, dealers said.
		JUSTICE Secretary Raul Gonzalez on Monday took the cudgels for Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago in the light of criticisms that the lady lawmaker is not qualified to become a member of the International Court of Justice (ICJ).
		MANILA (Thomson Financial) - Philippine shares closed firmer on Tuesday, resuming their upward trend after a two-day pause as investors picked up battered stocks while struggling to shake off worries about rising inflation.
	www.wn.com /philippineutilities (1088 words)

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