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Topic: Philippine Declaration of Independence

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	THE AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE THOMAS JEFFERSON
		Declarations of independence are typically made without the consent of the parent state, and hence are sometimes called unilateral declarations of independence (UDI), particularly by those who question the validity of the declarations.
		Declaring independence or supporting such a declaration is seen as a hostile act that may easily lead to war.
		The longest of the early sojourns of the Declaration was from 1841 to 1876.
	www.solarnavigator.net /history/declaration_of_independence.htm (9703 words)

	Declaration of independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (1835) - This was a declaration of the independence of the Māori tribes.
		Declaration of Independence of Guinea-Bissau (1973) - Guinea-Bissau, formerly Portuguese Guinea, declared independence from Portugal in 1973.
		Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (1983) - The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed in northern Cyprus in 1983.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Declaration_of_Independence (1869 words)

	Philippine Declaration of Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The declaration, however, was not recognized by the United States or Spain, as the Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, in consideration for an indemnity for Spanish expenses and assets lost.
		A depiction of the flag that was raised during the declaration.
		The declaration, in the form of a proclamation, in the presence of a huge crowd, was done on June 12, 1898 at the ancestral home of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo between four and five in the afternoon in Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit), Cavite, some 30 kilometers south of Manila.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence (677 words)

	The Philippine Embassy - News & Activities 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Philippine Independence Day Golf Open was held on 11 June 2000, participated in by members of the Diplomatic Corps in Canberra, Philippine Embassy personnel and the Filipino community.
		The Philippine Ambassador hosted an Independence Day Formal Dinner for the leaders of the Filipino community organizations in Canberra on 11 June 2000, which was also attended by the officials of the Embassy and their spouses.
		The Philippine Embassy, in cooperation with the Filipino community organizations in Canberra, organized the screening of the film "Jose Rizal" (Director: Marilou Diaz-Abaya, 1998), which was shown twice at the Center Cinema in Canberra, on 17 June 2000 and on 18 June 2000.
	www.philembassy.au.com /news/philemba-news1.htm (665 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Philippine Declaration of Independence
		The Philippine Declaration of Independence was an event on June 12, 1898 in the Philippines wherein the Filipino revolutionary forces under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain after the latter was defeated at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.
		The declaration, however, has not been recognized by the United States and Spain since the Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the American government in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, in consideration for an indemnity for Spanish expenses and assets lost.
		The declaration, in the form of a proclamation, was done on June 12, 1898 at the ancestral home of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, some 30 kilometers south of Manila.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence (291 words)

	Smithsonian Folklife Festival: Philippines Program
		The Philippines Chapel lit up at night, with the July 4 fireworks and the Washington Monument in the background.
		100 participants and presenters from the Philippines marked the centennial of the Philippine declaration of independence from Spain with a Folklife Festival program, "Pahiyas: A Philippine Harvest" on the National Mall, Washington, D.C. June 24-July 5, 1998.
		The Philippine Festival program marked the centennial of the Philippine declaration of independence from Spain in 1898.
	www.folklife.si.edu /resources/Festival1998/phil98.htm (361 words)

	Philippine Presidents Past & Present - eMAILPINOY
		The Filipinos, who declared their independence of Spain on June 12, 1898, proclaimed a provisional republic, of which Aguinaldo was to become president; and in September a revolutionary assembly met and ratified Filipino independence.
		In 1909 Quezon was appointed resident commissioner for the Philippines, entitled to speak, but not vote, in the U.S. House of Representatives; during his years in Washington, D.C., he fought vigorously for a speedy grant of independence by the United States.
		After receiving law degrees from the University of the Philippines (1915) and from Yale University (1920), he was elected to the Philippine Senate in 1925 and appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court in 1936.
	www.emailpinoy.com /educational/philippines-presidents1.shtml (1950 words)

	The Proclamation of Philippine Independence
		With a government in operation, Aguinaldo thought that it was necessary to declare the independence of the Philippines.
		The proclamation of Philippine independence was, however, promulgated on August 1 when many towns has already been organized under the riles laid down by the Dictatorial Government.
		The most significant achievement of Aguinaldo's Dictatorial Government was the proclamation of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898.
	www.msc.edu.ph /centennial/independence.html (465 words)

	2005 Philippine Independence Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		On June 12, 1898, the proclamation of Philippine independence took place between four and five in the afternoon at the window of Aguinaldo's house in Kawit.
		The old arts and culture of the Philippines exemplified by the skill of the Filosofo Tasio in writing in the ancient Tagalog script as well as his views on the country’s great past were ignored and even ridiculed by the people.
		During the centennial celebration of the declaration of Philippine independence, a set of three statues Doña Marcela Mariño de Agoncillo, Delfina Herbosa Natividad and Lorenza Agoncillo.
	www.nhi.gov.ph /html/kalayaan.html (2138 words)

	Pro-American Forums - over 16,000 Patriotic Members! - Discovery Crusade of the Philippines International Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Declared war against Spain and bravely fought the Spanish Armada and save the forces of self -declared general Emilio Aguinaldo from total defeat wherein at that time facing total collapse from the Spanish Armada.
		By virtue of that failure of the Filipino leaders to accept and/or ratify the legitimacy of the declaration of Independence declared by the late President Truman, Philippine Islands is still a territory of America.
		Proclamation of independence on July 4, 1946 by the late President Harry S. Truman cannot be legally construed as a transfer of ownership of the Philippine Islands from the U.S. government in favor to the Filipinos.
	www.pro-american.com /forums/showthread.php?t=7608 (2208 words)

	Philippine Centennial Movement of Northeast USA and Canada
		To commemorate the events that distinguished the Philippines as the first constitutional democracy in Asia, namely the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 and the ratification of a Philippine Constitution by the 1898 Malolos Congress in January 1899.
		Philippine Revolution: Milestone Dates is being released in commemoration of the anniversary of the death of Andres Bonifacion on November 30, now designated as National Heroes Day in the Philippines.
		Philippine Revolution: Milestone Dates is the second publication of the Movement; the first was a Primer on the Philippine Centennial.
	pw1.netcom.com /~pnbnyc/centenn.html (3072 words)

	Insights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Aguinaldo mansion in Kawit, Cavite, site of historic proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898 was declared a national shrine in June 1964 shortly after the death of General Emilio Aguinaldo.
		On September 28, 1901 the Philippine Assembly passed Act No. 243 "granting the right to use public land upon the Luneta in the City of Manila" and upon which "a monument shall be erected to Jose Rizal, the Philippine patriot, writer and poet".
		One of the towering landmarks of the Philippine Revolution is the church of Barasoain in Malolos, Bulacan.
	www.ops.gov.ph /kalayaan2000/insights.htm (1324 words)

	July 4, 1946
		On the basis of the June 12, 1898, (alleged) declaration of independence by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, he thought that it was his mandate to correct "history." He thought it would serve better the national aspirations of the Filipino people to adopt that date as the Philippines's independence day.
		We believe that the Philippine National Centennial Commission and the Philippine leaders who insist on the June 12, 1898, independence are insensitive to the facts of history.
		The Philippine History Group of Los Angeles invites you to send your comments to the author, Bobby Reyes, or the editor of this Philippine Centennial Series, Hector Santos.
	www.bibingka.com /phg/misc/july4.htm (1338 words)

	:: Malaya - The National Newspaper :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In 1994, Puerto Princesa was formally declared the Cleanest and Greenest Component City in the country.
		In 1996, it received the Hall of Fame Award for having been declared as the cleanest and greenest component city for three years in a row.
		The project intends to improve the standard of education within the service area of the city government by identifying and prioritizing the establishment of schools, and organizing a continuous training scheme for schoolteachers in the city.
	www.malaya.com.ph /jun14/spe1.htm (2309 words)

	Balita.com - Leading Filipino Newspaper in the USA \| Filipino News \| Philippine News \| Pinoy
		Of all these, however, it is the declaration of Philippine independence that reverberated in the centers of power around the world, notably in Spain and the United States, which by that time, had drawn its attention to the islands.
		On Aug. 4, 1964, Macapagal officially changed the date of Philippine independence from July 4 to June 12, saying that “July 4 was not inspiring enough for the Filipino youth since it recalled mostly the peaceful independence missions to the United States.
		Aguinaldo established the first Philippine republic and all the symbols of nationhood including the declaration of independence that, according to Oades, easily made him the architect of a single government and country.
	www.balita.com /xshell.php?id=798 (1070 words)

	Vancouver PCG
		In celebration of the 107th anniversary of the Declaration of Philippine Independence, the Consulate General hosted a reception on 10 June 2005 at the Rooftop Studio of the Scotia Center in downtown Vancouver.
		Commenting on the Philippines’ ties with the international community, she emphasized that one of the priority areas in Philippine foreign policy that is further strengthening relations with Canada.
		The declaration of Philippine independence from more than 300 years of Spanish rule was led by General Emilio Aguinaldo, who would then be installed as the new Republic’s first president, in Kawit, Cavite on 12 June 1898.
	www.vancouverpcg.net /independence.php (778 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| OPINION > Some facts about Philippine Independence
		The declaration of independence asserting the rights of Filipinos to manage their own affairs was read; the flag that embodied their aspirations was unfurled, and the music that carried their hopes was played.
		The Act of Declaration could have been written by any lawyer, the music composed by any musician, and the flag sewn by any dressmaker, but the significance of Philippine independence proclaimed 108 years ago today could not have been less.
		What is remarkable every time the declaration of independence is read, the music played, and the flag unfurled in the air is the fact that all these were made by Filipinos whose hearts longed for the best of this nation.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2006/june/12/yehey/opinion/20060612opi7.html (685 words)

	The Philippine Centennial
		The Philippine Centennial commemorates the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898.
		The 100th birth anniversary of Philippine Independence will commemorate the events that distinguished the Philippines as the first constitutional democracy in Asia, namely the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 and the ratification of a Philippine Constitution by the 1898 Malolos Congress in January 1899.
		This was played during the Proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 at General Emilio Aguinaldo's residence in Kawit, Cavite.
	www.worldkids.net /kids/lauren/centennial.html (280 words)

	Philippinenews.com
		But virtually no one drank a toast to Edsa in the Philippines this year, undoubtedly a sign of popular disenchantment with what was hailed at the time as the most epochal event in Philippine history.
		Philippine Daily Inquirer columnist Rina Jimenez-David suggests a reason: “It is difficult, from this remove, to recall exactly those days and nights of February 1986.
		When Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippines from Spain on June 12, 1898, he was surrounded by dozens of Filipino illustrados who were appointed by him to draft the Philippine Constitution in the Malolos Congress.
	www.philippinenews.com /news/view_article.html?article_id=4f18cd94c2d823d5765257203b7f72ee (1224 words)

	Philippine Phone Card \| Prepaid International Calling Card \| discount :: Legal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Philippine shares rose for a second day Friday as investors were heartened by a rally overnight in U.S. stocks and comments by the chief of the U.S. central bank.
		ZAMBONGA CITY: Philippine troops captured an Al Qaeda-linked Abu Sayyaf rebel allegedly involved in the kidnapping of 21 people from a Malaysian resort island six years ago, a military report said yesterday.
		Philippine shares slid to 18-week lows Wednesday, spooked by the prospect of higher U.S. interest rates, which appears to be causing foreign investors to pull money out of stocks.
	www.philippine-phonecard.info /links/legal[24].htm (400 words)

	Mabini's un-resignation - Jun. 11, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mabini felt that the reorganization of the revolutionary government was more important than the declaration of independence.
		Mabini believed that the reorganization of the government was more important than a formal declaration of independence because foreign powers had to be convinced of the stability and competence of the newly born Philippine government before they recognized its independence.
		While he might not have appeared to be in favor of the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898 he would push for complete and unconditional independence in 1899 when less cowardly (pragmatic?) men in government sought an end to the Philippine-American War by proposing autonomy for the Philippines under American protection.
	www.inq7.net /opi/2003/jun/11/opi_arocampo-1.htm (589 words)

	MindaNews - COMMENTARY: June 12 and the Bangsamoro Nation
		The bases of U.S. in recognizing Philippine independence in 1946 were not recognized by the Moros as binding to them for these included the Treaty of Paris that illegally and immorally confiscated the independent Moro territories.
		Filipino historians, who organized themselves into the Philippine Historical Association (PHA), believed that on June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo publicly and solemnly proclaimed in Kawit, Cavite, the independence of the Philippines, and it was also on that occasion that the Philippine flag was officially unfurled and the national anthem was played for the first time.
		By granting independence to the province of Sulu, the Government of the Republic of the Philippines will withdraw and surrender all rights of possession, supervisions, jurisdiction and control as well as sovereignty now existing and exercised by the Republic of the Philippines in and over the territory and people of the province of Sulu.
	mindanews.com /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=208&Itemid=68 (2288 words)

	ABS-CBN Interactive
		Independence was what the Filipino revolutionaries of l898 fought and died for, but whose blood was shed for a mere Declaration of the aborted June 12, 1898, Independence.
		Before that Independence could take off, the Philippines was sold by Spain to the United States like a commodity in the market where the two powers were competitors.
		The history of the Philippine flag reflects a determined effort of the Filipinos to stand independent among the community of nations, with symbolisms that stood for a firm conviction of those who offered their respective designs conceptualized by different people.
	www.abs-cbnnews.com /storypage.aspx?StoryId=7827 (1177 words)

	Proclaimation of Philippine Independence and Birth of the Republic
		Proclaimation of Philippine Independence and Birth of the Republic
		Proclamaition of Philippine Independence and Birth of the Republic
		From the balcony of his house in Kawit, Cavite, Aguinaldo declared on June 12, 1898 the independence of the Filipinos and the birth of the Philippine Republic.
	opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu /filipino/republic.html (1013 words)

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