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Topic: Philippine English

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	Philippine English definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Philippine English, also Filipino English, is the variety of English used in the Philippines.
		English is the second western colonial language, after Spanish; the United States took the territory in 1898 from Spain, whose colony it had been since 1521.
		Because English is used in varying degrees by over half the population of about 60 million, the Philippines rightly claims to be a major English-speaking country.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861725584_1861725536/nextpage.html (228 words)

	American English - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Newfoundland English and the dialect of New Britain, Connecticut are notable exceptions.
		American English has many spelling differences from English as used elsewhere (especially British English), some of which were made as part of an attempt to make more rational the spelling used in Britain at the time.
		English words that survived in the U.S. A number of words and meanings that originated in Middle English or Early Modern English and that always have been in everyday use in the U.S. dropped out in most varieties of British English.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/AmE (2942 words)

	American English definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Although English is the administrative language of the nation, is culturally dominant, and is the statutory official language in many states, it is not statutory at the federal level - a situation that has engendered no small controversy.
		American English tends to be nasal and, apart from three areas (eastern New England, New York City, and the Southern states), the r sound is pronounced in words such as art, door, and worker; it is also pronounced with the tip of the tongue curled back and raised.
		American English often places stress on the first syllables of certain words, for example, laboratory and excess, whereas British English moves the stress to medial or terminal positions, as in their pronunciations /lə bórrətri/ and /ek séss/.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861694011/American_English.html (810 words)

	Philippine English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philippine English is the variation of English used in the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos.
		English is one of the two official languages of the Republic of the Philippines, the other being Filipino.
		English is used in education, churches, religious affairs, print and broadcast media, and business, though the number of people who use it as a second language far outnumber those who speak it as a first language (see List of countries by English-speaking population).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine_English (1277 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		English became the language of education, and as its use expanded, it became indigenized through the inclusion of vocabulary from local languages and the adaptation of English words to describe local conditions and to satisfy local needs.
		The word was originally adopted into American English in the 1940s with the sense of "rough country"; now it is usually rendered as "the boondocks" and is used to refer to a provincial, unsophisticated locale commonly called "the sticks." Philippine English can be quite creative in how it arranges linguistic elements.
		Some argue that English is the language of colonialism and of a privileged elite, and have thus argued that the use of English in the Philippines should be curtailed.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art1407.txt (813 words)

	Philippine English (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Philippine English refers to the English language as it is spoken in the Philippines, where it is one of two official languages, the other being Filipino, which is based on Tagalog.
		English is widely used in areas such as education, print and broadcast media, and business, and is used as a lingua franca throughout the archipelago.
		At present, the abundant supply of speakers of English in the Philippines and low labor costs have enabled it to be competitive in the international call center and outsourcing industry.
	philippine-english.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (685 words)

	Philippine Revolution: Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Covering the second phase of the Philippine Revolution, Agoncillo concludes that the ascendancy of the ilustrados, or middle class, sealed the fate of the Revolution.
		In this book, Majul asserts that the Philippine Revolution was not a purposeless upheaval; rather, its philosophy can be traced to the ideas of the French Enlightenment and, in fact, it drew inspiration from the revolutions in Europe and the Americas.
		It is the story of the reformist Crisostomo Ibarra who, upon his return to the Philippines from his studies in Europe, was faced with the oppressive and decadent Spanish institutions.
	opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu /filipino/prbib.html (696 words)

	Jamaican English - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jamaican English or Jamaican Standard English is a dialect of English encompassing in a unique way, parts and mergers of both American English and British English dialects.
		Although the distinction between the two is best described as a continuum rather than a solid line, it is not to be confused with what linguists call Jamaican Creole, nor with the vocabulary and language approach of the Rastafarian movement.
		The most noticeable aspect of Jamaican English for speakers of other varieties of English is the pronunciation or "accent".
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Jamaican_English (1093 words)

	Languages of the Philippines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Except for English, Spanish, Hokkien, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Chabacano, all of the languages belong to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.
		English is one of the official language in the Philippines.
		"The Bisayan dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and reconstruction".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages_of_the_Philippines (2456 words)

	Philippine Studies
		There are holdings on Tagalog and other Philippine languages, linguistics and literature and a large collection of Philippine English language fiction, drama and poetry.
		There are important collections, mostly in English but also in Spanish and Tagalog, on the anti-colonial struggles with Spain and the United States and the Philippine Revolution of 1896-1898.
		Twentieth century Philippine politics and government are particularly well represented including a microfilm set of "The Philippine radical papers".
	www.asiamap.ac.uk /collections/collection.php?ID=291 (537 words)

	Philippine Post Magazine: English is your mother tongue --Part 2
		Today, the Filipino writer in English seems to be facing the same fate of the Filipino writer in Spanish a hundred years ago.
		With ever increasing nationalism in the Philippines, the Tagalog-based national language, Filipino, is gaining more ground as the official medium of education and government communications.
		Clearly, one legacy of the imposition of English in the Philippines is a continuing identity crisis among Filipino writers, a crisis that was not even present during the Spanish era.
	www.philpost.com /0103pages/english(2)0103.html (1139 words)

	ICE Philippines
		The Philippines component of ICE is based at De La Salle University, Manila.
		English is the official language in the Philippines, alongside the national language Filipino.
		Philippine English is very widely used in such domains as government, law, education, newspapers, electronic media, music, entertainment, and Philippine literature.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /english-usage/ice/icephil.htm (124 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| OPINION > English as a medium of instruction
		The Philippines was once touted as one of the best English-speaking nations in the world, but over the years, English proficiency has been in sharp decline among Filipinos.
		However, because English is increasingly being used for global communication at the same time that nonnative varieties are coming to be recognized as being valid and legitimate, it becomes even more important that all English speakers understand each other.
		Even in the cities, where accessibility to native English is greater, the use of the standard Philippine English is the norm,” she comments.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2006/june/27/yehey/opinion/20060627opi2.html (902 words)

	The English Lexicon in Filipino
		These words are widely used by students, movie and television personalities, tabloid and radio reporters, comics illustrators, the man on the street, and the third sex who usually coin their own set of vocabulary which eventually finds its way into the mainstream.
		The predominance of English borrowing in the national lingua franca cannot be denied.
		In the same way that Spanish has influenced the lexicon of some of the major languages in the Philippines, English presently pervades the consciousness of the Filipino speakers.
	www.language-links.org /fil_mor.html (643 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.694: English as an Asian Language
		It is acknowledged to be the form of English identified with the particular nation, having developed features which distinguish it from other varieties of English as a consequence of its separate history, geographical location and cultural context.
		For still others, `International English' can only be the overlapping standard forms of each variety, where each speaker retreats to the most neutral and unmarked form of his or her variety in an attempt to reduce any possible misunderstandings.
		He is a founder and coeditor of World Englishes and series editor of `English in the Global Context.' He has held editorial positions in more than a dozen scholarly journals and is associate editor of the `Oxford Companion to the English Language' and a contributor to the `Cambridge History of the English Language'.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/7/7-694.html (2067 words)

	'English-only zones' set in Manila - INQ7.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		English Zones include classrooms, faculty lounges, offices, lobby and corridors, where the PLM population should speak and converse in English from 9 a.m.
		The "Free Zones," where speaking in English is optional, include the university canteen, restrooms, open field, quadrangle and gymnasium.
		PLM is the first of the three city-operated colleges to implement this program, which is aimed at making students feel comfortable in using English in their daily lives.
	news.inq7.net /metro/index.php?index=1&story_id=8243 (513 words)

	On NVM by Alberto Florentino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This magazine was the cradle and crucible of a young Filipino literature in a colonial language and was born between 1905 and 1910, 10,000 miles apart, on the campuses of a California university and of the Philippine State University.
		NVM was truly a National Artist—not for the bungling Philippine president(s) who lately have overruled or tampered with the decisions of awards juries and judges—but for the Filipino people and the Filipino writers—wherever on this globe or in cyberspace they happen to be.
		All short-stories in English published within the period of October 1, 2000 to October 15, 2001 are eligible.
	www.oovrag.com /essays/essay2001d-4.shtml (1064 words)

	Philippine literature in English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1939, the Philippine Writers League was put up by politically conscious writers, intensifying their debate with those in the "art for art’s sake" school of Villa.
		Against a background marked by political unrest and government battles with Hukbalahap guerrillas, writers in English in the postwar period honed their sense of craft and techniques.
		Stories that deal with the fantastic have long been a staple of Philippine literature in the vernacular, particularly in the form of folk tales about mythical creatures and beings like the tikbalang and manananggal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine_literature_in_English (1238 words)

	International Englishes
		Queensland Canefields English of the Late Nineteenth Century: A Record of Interview with Two of the Last Surviving Kanakas in North Queensland, 1964.
		Gonzalez, Andrew B. "English in the Philippine Mass Media." New Englishes.
		"Philippine English." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.
	www.wright.edu /~martin.kich/IntEng/Oceania.htm (806 words)

	Book Store
		The Central Subanen language belongs to the Southern Philippine subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian family of Austronesian languages and is estimated to be spoken by between 120,000 and 150,000 people.
		SPLC (an irregularly published journal) is a joint venture undertaken by the Linguistic Society of the Philippines and the Summer Institute of Linguistics devoted to the timely publication of papers of an empirical or theoretical nature which contribute to the study of language and communicative behavior in the Philippines.
		With this issue of Studies in Kagayanen (a member of the Northern Manobo subgroup of Southern Philippine language family), the scope of this journal is expanded to include cultural as well as linguistic studies.
	www.sil.org /asia/philippines/book_store.html (2492 words)

	Philippine literature in English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The founding of Silliman University by Presbyterian missionaries and the Philippine Normal School (PNS) in 1901 and the University of the Philippines (U.P.) in 1908, as well as of English newspapers like the Daily Bulletin (1900), The Cablenews (1902), and the Philippines Free Press (1905), helped boost the spread of English.
		Instituted in 1950, the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards in Literature quickly became known as a synonym for quality literature and as a rite of passage for the aspiring writer.
		One is the release in 2005 of the first volume of Philippine Speculative Fiction, an anthology of speculative fiction by Filipino writers, edited by playwright and fictionist Alfar.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine_Literature_in_English (1238 words)

	The decline of English - INQ7.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This was true not only of the educated people in the cities but also of the rural folk who could manage to get by with the English they learned in grade school before they devoted their full time to their farms.
		Such was the popularity of English then that it soon replaced the street signs that used to be written in Spanish.
		We read the classics in unabridged English not as condensed in the convenient pamphlets now available in the bookstores for those who would rather play basketball.
	news.inq7.net /opinion/index.php?index=2&story_id=31071&col=61 (895 words)

	Taglish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Taglish, a portmanteau of the words "Tagalog" and "English," is a mixed language in the Philippines, that is infused with English terms.
		Akin to Taglish is Englog, which in turn is an English infused with Filipino words, a popular type being called Coño English or Konyo English.
		English words in Taglish are sometimes written in Tagalog phonetic spelling.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Taglish (569 words)

	The Composed Gentleman: Philippine english: alarming scenario!
		english proficiency among public gradeschool and highschool students are really alarming.
		i think teachers aswell should also be credible and fluent in speaking in english for them to be emulated by the students.
		Grade school English must focus on language proficiency - the basics and foundations of the language.
	salaswildthoughts.blogspot.com /2006/09/philippine-english-alarming-scenario.html (985 words)

	Philippine On-Line Dictionary
		Kaufmann's Visayan English Dictionary is one of the best dictionaries ever written for the Hiligaynon language, which is spoken on the Island of Panay, and in Negros Occidental.
		This dictionary of over 1000 pages was first published in 1934 in Iloilo, and is now extremely scarce: you won't find it in a second hand book shop, and only a few libraries have it available.
		This will expand the search to words that are spelled similar to the word you provide, taking into account the phonetic structure of the Philippine languages.
	www.bohol.ph /diksyunaryo.php (691 words)

	Philippine Literary Criticism Archive 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Philippine Global Literacy and the Filipino Student in the 21st Century
		Philippine Literature in the Post-War and Contemporary Period
		English Lessons: Towards the Aesthetics of the Filipino Novel in English
	www.geocities.com /icasocot/articles2.html (365 words)

	Filipino English VS America, British, Canadian and Australian English (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As a part of the Americans "protectorate" relationship with the Philippines during the 1st half of the 20th century, the English language was introduced to our education.
		That is why at first Filipino English is hard to understand until you get use to the absence of certain sounds you are use to in US, Canadian, Australian and British English.
		If fact, the Philippines is the third most populous English speaking country in the world, after India and the United States.
	www.everlastinglove.com.cob-web.org:8888 /filipinoenglish.htm (1245 words)

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