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Topic: Philippine general election, 1981

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	Biographies of the Attorneys General
		Richard Rush, the youngest Attorney General, was born on August 29, 1780, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
		Crittenden was attorney general of the Illinois Territory from 1809 to 1810.
		Rogers served as Deputy Attorney General from 1953 to 1957 and was appointed Attorney General of the United States on November 8, 1957, by President Eisenhower.
	www.usdoj.gov /jmd/ls/agbiographies.htm (12842 words)

	Philippines (10/06)
		Philippine copper, gold and chromite deposits are among the largest in the world.
		The Philippines is a member of the UN and some of its specialized agencies, and served a 2-year term as a member of the UN Security Council from January 2004 to 2006, serving as UNSC President in September 2005.
		Philippine soldiers and police have participated in a number of multilateral civilian police and peacekeeping operations, and a Philippine Army general served as the first commander of the UN Peacekeeping Operation in East Timor.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm (6931 words)

	KASAMA: The Filipino Club at Yale -- The Philippines
		The first people in the Philippines, the Negritos, are believed to have come to the islands 30,000 years ago from Borneo and Sumatra, making their way across then-existing land bridges.
		The Philippines was illegally ceded to the United States at the Treaty of Paris for US$20 million, together with Cuba and Puerto Rico.
		The political system of the Philippines was basically patterned after the U.S., with a bicameral legislature and a president elected every four years, limited to one re-election.
	www.yale.edu /kasama/philippines.html (982 words)

	The Philippine Government
		The Republic of the Philippines is a constitutional democracy, with the President as the head of state.
		He or she must be a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, at least 40 years old of age and a resident of the country for at least ten years immediately preceding the election.
		Generally, the Senate had a reputation as a prestigious body with a truly national outlook, in contrast to the House of Representatives, which had more parochial concerns.
	www.e-travelphilippines.com /government.htm (1428 words)

	History/Background of the Philippines
		He resumed command of the Philippine revolutionary army and in July that same year, was able to establish a new government with himself as the president, since the Spanish were retreating.
		Elections were postponed and Marcos sought approval for his acts with repeated referendums.
		The election of Fidel Valdez Ramos, Aquino's former defense secretary, in 1992 was the beginning of a turnaround in Philippine economy.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/philippines/pro-history.htm (1519 words)

	Filipino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the course of the centuries, long before the Spaniards colonized the Philippines in the 16th century; the native Filipinos came in contact (by commerce) with Hindus from India, the Chinese and the Arabs whose civilizations were much older and more advanced than those of Spain and other Western countries.
		Accordingly, the Philippine Constitution was drafted in 1935 and the commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated on November 15, 1935.
		On February 7, 1986, President Marcos called for an election in which he was declared winner, but his opponent Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino, called the election fraudulent and with the backing of the Catholic Church and "People Power" was sworn into office as President of the Philippines on February 25, 1986.
	inic.utexas.edu /asnic/countries/philippines/philippines.html (2835 words)

	History of Philippines
		The history of the Philippines may be divided into four distinct phases: the pre-Spanish period (before 1521); the Spanish period (1521-1898); the American period (1898-1946); and the years since independence (1946-present).
		U.S. administration of the Philippines was always declared to be temporary and aimed to develop institutions that would permit and encourage the eventual establishment of a free and democratic government.
		Marcos was forced to flee the Philippines in the face of a peaceful civilian-military uprising that ousted him and installed Corazon Aquino as president on February 25, 1986.
	www.historyofnations.net /asia/philippines.html (1265 words)

	Filipino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Accordingly, the Philippine Constitution was drafted in 1935 and the commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated on November 15, 1935.
		On February 7, 1986, President Marcos called for an election in which he was declared winner, but his opponent Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino, called the election fraudulent and with the backing of the Catholic Church and "People Power" was sworn into office as President of the Philippines on February 25, 1986.
		The problem of every Philippine administration is to narrow the gap between the very rich and the very poor and to broaden the middle class.
	asnic.utexas.edu /asnic/countries/philippines/philippines.html (2835 words)

	The Rise and Fall of Ferdinand Marcos
		The GNP of the Philippines increases from P55 billion in 1972 to P193 billion in 1980.
		June 16, 1981: In the first election since martial law, Marcos is declared the winner with 88% of the vote.
		The National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) is an organisation of 300,000 volunteers determined to protect the electoral process from fraud and abuse.
	philippines-archipelago.com /history/marcos_regime.html (2538 words)

	KWCC Biography - MacArthur
		General Douglas MacArthur, was commander of Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific during World War II, commander of the Allied Forces during the occupation of Japan, and commander of United Nations (U.N.) forces during the first nine months of the Korean War.
		Following a second tour in the Philippines, he returned to the United States in January 1925, was named commander of the 3rd Corps, and then returned to the Philippines where he served as department commander.
		In the summer of 1941, the entire Philippine Army was inducted into the Army of the United States, and MacArthur was recalled to active duty to head the new command: U.S. Forces in the Far East.
	korea50.army.mil /history/biographies/macarthur.shtml (2585 words)

	THE DEFENSE OF GENERAL YAMASHITA
		General Umezu was one of the signers of the Japanese surrender on the deck of the battleship Missouri, and was a defendant before the International Military Tribunal Far East in Tokyo but died prior to the conclusion of that trial.
		General Muto had had a long record in the Japanese army and was a most capable officer.6 He testified in considerable detail as to the difficulties confronting Yamashita upon his assuming command.
		The building housing the Supreme Court of the Philippines had been burned during the Intramuros fighting and, consequently, we were handicapped by a lack of library, not to mention the fact that we were sallying forth on litigation in a strange jurisdiction.
	www.supremecourthistory.org /myweb/81journal/guy81.htm (9600 words)

	Press Statement of the Philippine Foreign Minister on Mr. Essaafi's Visit 10 April 1981
		General Carlos P. Romulo Foreign Minister of the Philippines issued a press statement on April 10, 1981 as follows:
		They are not opposed to the -idea of having consultations and dialogues among countries of the region taking place simultaneously with, the UN Secretary- General's efforts to prepare for the convening of the international conference, but such consultations are distinct and separate and should not be seen as a substitute for the international conference.
		The ASEAN member-states are aware of certain proposals that the Kampuchean conflict be discussed and resolved at a regional conference.
	www.aseansec.org /1602.htm (447 words)

	Country Profiles Foreign & Commonwealth Office
		Elections for seats in half the Senate and the House of Representatives are to be held on 14 May 2007.
		Philippine relations with the USA have improved since the difficulties over the closure of the US bases in 1991 and the relationship remains one of major importance for the Philippines.
		In Mindanao in the southern Philippines, the British Council is active in the field of inter-faith dialogue, with the aim of promoting Christian-Muslim reconciliation as part of the wider solution to the unrest in the region.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019041569115 (3916 words)

	Maps of Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Impeachment charges were brought against Macapagal-Arroyo in June of 2005 for allegedly tampering with the results of the elections after purported tapes of her speaking with an electoral official during the vote count surfaced.
		The Philippines was less severely affected by the Asian financial crisis than its neighbors, aided in part by annual remittances from overseas Filipino workers that are expected to hit the $10 billion mark in 2005.
		Philippine copper, gold and chromite deposits are among the largest in the world.
	mapup.com /asia/philippines.html (4585 words)

	Memo to U.S. Policymakers: South Korea Is No Philippines
		In the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos was president for twenty years and demonstrated in the February 7 elections that he had no- intention of relinquishing power.
		Another key difference between the Philippines and ROK is that there is no communist insurgency in South Korea drawing strength from popular dissatisfaction with corrupt authories.
		As events in the Philippines have shown, a direct presidential election does not in itself guarantee "democracy." Neither is democracy simply a political system spelled out in a detailed constitution.
	www.heritage.org /Research/AsiaandthePacific/bu7.cfm (861 words)

	Philippine general election, 2004 information - Search.com
		The political climate leading up to the 2004 elections was one of the most emotional in the country's history since the 1986 elections that resulted in the exile of Ferdinand Marcos.
		In the legislative elections, voters elected twelve Senators (half the members of the Senate), who are elected at large with the whole country voting as one constituency, and all 208 members of the House of Representatives, who are elected from single-member districts.
		The contents of the tape allegedly proves, according to Ong, that the 2004 national election was rigged by Arroyo and that she is not the real winner of the said election.
	www.search.com /reference/Philippine_general_election,_2004 (3508 words)

	Philippine Presidents
		He became deputy chief of staff of the armed forces in 1981 and chief of staff in the final days of the Marcos era.
		General Simeon Ver, the chief of staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines was accused of complicity.
		In 1986, after Marcos apparently tried to steal the presidential election from Corazon Aquino, Benigno's widow, Ramos joined Juan Ponce Enrile, the secretary of national defense, in seizing the headquarters of the armed forces.
	www.angelfire.com /trek/nevcal/framos.html (614 words)

	Philippine Presidents Past & Present - eMAILPINOY
		During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, Garcia was active in the resistance movement.
		Filipino reformist president of the Republic of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965.
		In the 1961 elections, however, he ran against Garcia, forging a coalition of the Liberal and Progressive parties and making a crusade against corruption a principal element of his platform.
	www.emailpinoy.com /educational/philippinepresidents3.shtml (408 words)

	Elections in the Philippines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article on elections in the Philippines give information on election and election results in the Philippines.
		The Philippines elects on national level a head of state: the President, and a legislature.
		The Philippines has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines (272 words)

	This Month in Philippine History
		Ferdinand Marcos called for "snap" elections assuming he would win a majority of votes and thus restore the legitimacy of his regime.
		The National Assembly declared the election to be in favor of Marcos.
		Magellan was killed in the battle of Mactan Island as a result of his meddling between the rift of native warriors Lapu-Lapu and Zula.
	www.filipinomissions.org /month_in_history.htm (885 words)

	Philippine History
		The Republic of the Philippines was formally proclaimed on July 4, 1946.
		Philippine cooperation with the United States became the keynote of the
		Philippine legislature refused to ratify the peace treaty.
	members.aol.com /flipxpolo/history.html (1921 words)

	Harvard College Handbook for Parents, 2002-2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sharing the general goals of Science A courses, courses in Science B, emphasizing biological, evolutionary, and environmental science, present semiquantitative and frequently descriptive accounts of complex systems that cannot yet be fully analyzed on the basis of their simple elements.
		It is hard to generalize about the structure of courses because they come in a variety of shapes and sizes, ranging from large lectures to one-on-one tutorials with a faculty member.
		They are a form of participatory small group instruction, generally limited to eight students but sometimes as small as one-on-one, characterized by their centrality in the concentration curriculum, by their sequencing, and by their emphasis on methodology and academic skills within the concentration.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~fdo/publications/0203/parents.html (18791 words)

	Timeline of Philippine history Information
		1916 -The Philippine Assembly becomes the House of Representatives and a Senate is established
		1981 - Ferdinand E. Marcos is re-elected to a third term
		1998 - Philippine general election, 1998 (Joseph Estrada is elected)
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Timeline_of_Philippine_history (585 words)

	Kasama: The Filipino Club at Yale
		The Philippines was a prize catch for Spain.
		Spain’s rule lasted from the 16th to the 19th century but was marked with a series of revolts.
		A Filipino-American War broke out as the United States attempted to establish control over the islands.
	www.yale.edu /kasama/historyKasama.dwt (982 words)

	GlobaLex - Philippine Legal Research
		The Philippines is an archipelago of 7,107 islands with a land area of 299,740 sq.
		Royal decrees, Spanish laws, and/or special issuances of special laws for the Philippines were extended to the Philippines from Spain by the Spanish Crown through the councils. The chief legislator is the governor-general who exercises legislative functions by promulgating executive decrees, edicts or ordinances with the force of law.
		The President of the Philippines may enter into international treaties or agreements as the national welfare and interest may require, and may contract and guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the Republic, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. During the time of Pres.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Philippines1.htm (6462 words)

	Civil Service Systems in Comparative Perspective
		Token parties were occasionally organized, specifically for election purposes, for although an authoritarian system, the regime did hold elections on both the local and national levels.
		At present, the socio-economic context of the Philippine civil service falls under the "mixed" category with (as noted in the preceding paragraph) limited pluralism and "enhanced governmental regulation and competition in the socio-economic sphere" (Heady).
		Regarding attitudes towards the state, although public attitudes in general cannot be characterized as anti-state an important distinction must be made between citizen expectations and citizen satisfaction and citizen expectation with the state expected to solve practically all societal problems.
	www.indiana.edu /~csrc/endriga4.html (3768 words)

	LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES [BOOK V] - CHAN ROBLES AND ASSOCIATES LAW FIRM
		To have a valid election, at least a majority of all eligible voters in the unit must have cast their votes.
		Any party to an election may appeal the order or results of the election as determined by the Med-Arbiter directly to the Secretary of Labor and Employment on the ground that the rules and regulations or parts thereof established by the Secretary of Labor and Employment for the conduct of the election have been violated.
		The foregoing notwithstanding, the President of the Philippines shall not be precluded from determining the industries that, in his opinion, are indispensable to the national interest, and from intervening at any time and assuming jurisdiction over any such labor dispute in order to settle or terminate the same.
	members.tripod.com /chanrobles/legal4labor4.htm (10583 words)

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