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Topic: Philippine independence

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1899

	Proclaimation of Philippine Independence and Birth of the Republic
		Proclaimation of Philippine Independence and Birth of the Republic
		Proclamaition of Philippine Independence and Birth of the Republic
		From the balcony of his house in Kawit, Cavite, Aguinaldo declared on June 12, 1898 the independence of the Filipinos and the birth of the Philippine Republic.
	opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu /filipino/republic.html (1013 words)

	July 4, 1946
		On the basis of the June 12, 1898, (alleged) declaration of independence by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite, he thought that it was his mandate to correct "history." He thought it would serve better the national aspirations of the Filipino people to adopt that date as the Philippines's independence day.
		We believe that the Philippine National Centennial Commission and the Philippine leaders who insist on the June 12, 1898, independence are insensitive to the facts of history.
		The Philippine History Group of Los Angeles invites you to send your comments to the author, Bobby Reyes, or the editor of this Philippine Centennial Series, Hector Santos.
	www.bibingka.com /phg/misc/july4.htm (1338 words)

	Philippine Declaration of Independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The declaration, however, was not recognized by the United States or Spain, as the Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, in consideration for an indemnity for Spanish expenses and assets lost.
		Henceforth, Independence Day was observed on July 4, but in the name of nationalism, and upon the advice of historians, Republic Act No. 4166 was signed into law by President Diosdado Macapagal in 1964, proclaiming June 12, which up to that time had been observed as Flag Day, as Independence Day.
		The proclamation of Philippine independence was, however, promulgated on August 1, when many towns had already been organized under the rules laid down by the Dictatorial Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence (636 words)

	Philippine Centennial Movement of Northeast USA and Canada
		To commemorate the events that distinguished the Philippines as the first constitutional democracy in Asia, namely the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 and the ratification of a Philippine Constitution by the 1898 Malolos Congress in January 1899.
		Philippine Revolution: Milestone Dates is being released in commemoration of the anniversary of the death of Andres Bonifacion on November 30, now designated as National Heroes Day in the Philippines.
		Philippine Revolution: Milestone Dates is the second publication of the Movement; the first was a Primer on the Philippine Centennial.
	pw1.netcom.com /~pnbnyc/centenn.html (3072 words)

	Philippine independence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philippine independence refers to the struggles of the Filipinos for independence from colonial rule —first by Spain, and then by the United States.
		The Philippine-American War, formerly called the Philippine Insurrection in the U.S., with its devastating use of military force, was a brutal example of American might used against a defenseless population.
		From 1946 to 1961, Independence Day was observed on July 4, but in the name of nationalism, President Diosdado Macapagal, upon the advice of historians, reverted to the June 12 date, which up to that time had been observed as Flag Day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippine_independence (488 words)

	Philippine Presidents
		Quezon was instrumental in obtaining passage in 1916 of the Jones Act, which granted the Philippines a greater degree of self-government and promised the islands eventual independence.
		Quezon resigned as commissioner and returned to Manila to be elected to the newly formed Philippine Senate in 1916; he subsequently served as its president until 1935.
		The act provided for independence ten years after the adoption of a constitution and the establishment of a Commonwealth government that would be the forerunner of an independent republic.
	www.angelfire.com /trek/nevcal/mquezon.html (604 words)

	Dilemmas and Continuity: Towards the Development of the First Professional Force (1898-1941)
		The clamor for Philippine independence increased in the 1920s and the early 1930s, and in 1930 the First Independence Congress was held to discuss the independence issue thoroughly and present a report to the U.S. Congress.
		The Philippine Commonwealth, with President Manuel L. Quezon at the helm, was inaugurated on November 15, 1935, thus launching the Philippines on the road towards independence.
		The Philippine Constabulary was basically an enlarged and strengthened police force, under the civil government, but not trained or prepared militarily to fight a full scale war in the defense of the country.
	www.geocities.com /afpmuseum/history/history_chapter02.htm (8573 words)

	Philippine Independence Medal Replacement Certificate
		The Philippine Independence Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who meet eligibility requirements for both the Philippine Defense Medal and the Philippine Liberations Medal, or who were present on duty in the Philippines on July 4, 1946.
		This central theme is surrounded by an anulet bearing the inscription PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE in the upper half, and July 4, 1946 at the bottom.
		The ribbon to the Philippine Independence Medal is a field of blue bisected in the center by two red stripes separated by a white center stripe.
	www.amervets.com /replacement/filin.htm (562 words)

	Chronology--Philippines and Guam
		Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of the new republic of the Philippines; Andrés Bonifacio was demoted to the director of the interior.
		Governor-General of the Philippine Islands Fernando Primo de Rivera, in a surprise move, was replaced by Governor-General Basilo Augustín Dávila in early April.
		Philippine revolutionists began the siege of the Spanish garrison at Baler, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
	www.loc.gov /rr/hispanic/1898/chronphil.html (3561 words)

	June 12 as Independence Day
		When I was a congressman, I formed the opinion that July 4 was not the proper independence day for Filipinos and should be changed to June 12-- the date General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Filipinos in Kawit, Cavite, in 1898.
		The celebration of independence day on June 12, on the other hand, would be a greater inspiration to the youth who would consequently recall the heroes of the revolution against Spain and their acts of sublime heroism and martyrdom.
		In the case of America, when independence was proclaimed on July 4, the American Government was still a confederation and it was much later when it finally became a federal government.
	www.bibingka.com /phg/documents/whyjun12.htm (1643 words)

	G.I. Pamphlet Series Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		His administration of the Philippine Commonwealth was characterized by the phrase “social justice.” He instituted many reforms and fought to gain better living and working conditions for his people.
		Such restrictions as were placed upon the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands were those deemed necessary in view of the fact that the United States was still sovereign in the islands.
		The Commonwealth was represented in Washington by a resident commissioner appointed by the Philippine president.
	www.historians.org /Projects/GIRoundtable/Phillipines/Phillipines5.htm (1162 words)

	BALITANG BETERANO: FACTS ABOUT THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
		The struggle was followed by acuteness of their nagging vision for independence while the Commonwealth government was in exile in the United States, during the dark days of the Japanese occupation.
		The Philippine Commonwealth was nearing its dream of one day, on July 4th 1946, would be the Second Philippine Republic to be proclaimed by the United States of America as a separate and independent state.
		Independence initiated a perceptible nationalist movement toward cultural freedom among the intelligentsia, and the whole citizenry.
	www.newsflash.org /2004/02/tl/tl012375.htm (3397 words)

	Philippine Banknotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At this convent, the head of the KGG was inaugurated as the President of the first Republic of the Philippines.
		He was the last President of the Philippine Commonwealth, and the first President of the 3rd Republic.
		Vicente Lim was a Philippine General, a hero, martyr and the first Filipino graduate of west Point.
	members.tripod.com /~Family_Thomas/phils_money.htm (970 words)

	An abbreviated look at Philippine History
		Clearly the Philippines was a prize catch for Spain, based on its number of islands and its size; which, at the time, was estimated to be larger than it actually was.
		However, independence was to be short lived, due to the under pinning of power that was goning on between Spain and America.
		Unknown to Aguinaldo and fellow Filipinos, Spain, not recognizing their independence, and America wanting the islands, the archipelago was ceded (with Puerto Rico and Guam) to the United States, later that year, in December, for $20 million USD, under the "Treaty of Paris".
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Towers/4385/ph02001.htm (3545 words)

	PlanetPapers - Philippine History
		The lower house was the popularly elected Philippine Assembly and the upper house was the Philippine Commission appointed directly by the President of the United States.
		An elected Philippine Senate replaced the appointed Philippine Commission and the former Philippine Assembly was renamed the House of Representatives.
		With civil rights and the Philippine Congress suspended and his enemies in detention, Marcos brought in a new constitution in 1973 that replaced the Congress with a National Assembly and extended the term of the President to six years with no limit on the number of terms.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/4619.php (7758 words)

	Philippine History, Flags & Presidents
		Early inhabitants of what will later be called the Philippine Islands and eventually the Republic of the Philippines came by passing through land bridges about 250,000 years ago during the last ice age when the water levels was still low.
		In 1934, the Tydings-McDuffie Act was passed by the U.S. Congress, established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and promised Philippine independence by 1946.
		In accordance with the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, The Philippines was given independence on July 4, 1946.
	philippine-history.philsite.net (1743 words)

	Philippine News -- Manila Standard Today -- Independence Day -- june12_2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It marks the 108th anniversary of Aguinaldo’s proclamation of independence, which paved the way for the establishment of a revolutionary government on June 23, 1898.
		On Sept. 29, 1898, the Malolos Congress ratified the declaration of Philippine Independence, which eventually led to the approval of the Malolos Constitution on Nov. 29, 1898.
		We all need an Independence Day, not just to celebrate the past but more importantly to remind us that independence is a work in progress.
	www.manilastandardtoday.com /?page=police04_june12_2006 (411 words)

	ABS-CBN Interactive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippines from the colonial rule of Spain after the latter was defeated in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.
		The need for Philippine self-governance became imperative when the Americans let go of the country in line with the UN policy of giving independence to all colonies.
		To celebrate Philippine independence side by side with American independence could expose us to embarrassment in terms of many well-wishers probably going to the US Embassy than to the presidential palace.
	www.abs-cbnnews.com /storypage.aspx?StoryId=41504 (1197 words)

	Memorial of the Philippine Independence Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Memorial of the Philippine Independence Mission Submitted to the Committee on Platform and Resolutions of the National Democratic Convention
		In 1899 the Party opposed the retention of the Philippines by the United States, because it held such step to be in defiance of the Declaration of Independence, which asserts that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.
		In the National Convention of 1900, the Democratic platform contained a plank which committed the Party to the granting of independence to the Philippines upon the establishment of a stable government.
	www.boondocksnet.com /ai/vof/philmiss.html (1267 words)

	[No title]
		From the balcony of his house in Cavite, Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines on June 12, 1898.
		Disappointed at having lost the opportunity to acquire the Philippines as a colony, Germany applied diplomatic pressure during the Paris negotiations to block the American request for the Caroline Islands.
		Filipino nationalists were incensed at the arrogance of the imperial powers to bargain away their independence for the tidy price of US$20 million with not so much as a pretence of consultation with Filipinos.
	www.ualberta.ca /~vmitchel/fw4.html (888 words)

	Philippine Independence Day Celebration - New York :: PIDCI, Inc.
		NEW YORK – This year’s Philippine Independence Day Parade, Street Fair and Cultural Festival scheduled for Sunday, June 4 and other major annual events commemorating the 108th anniversary of the declaration of Philippine Independence continues to claim its recognition as the largest celebration of Philippine Independence outside of the Philippines.
		Diwa ng Kalayaan (Spirit of Independence) is the most coveted Filipino beauty title in the U.S. The winner reigns during the months-long anniversary celebration, culminating in the Independence Day Parade and the Independence Ball.
		Climax of the 108 anniversary commemoration of the declaration of Philippine Independence is the Philippine Independence Ball.
	www.aratilis.org /pidci (558 words)

	WOW Philippines :: About the Philippines :: Calendar of Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Of the eight species of marine turtles worldwide, five are reported to be found in the Philippines: the Green Turtle, Hawkbill, Leatherback, Olive Ridley, and Loggerhead.
		Philippines Herald war journalist Carlos P. Romulo was the first Asian to win a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism in 1942.
		He was also aide-de-camp to General Douglas MacArthur in World War II; Philippine resident commissioner in the U.S. Congress from 1944-46; and the first Asian to become UN President in 1949.
	www.tourism.gov.ph /events/events_calendar.asp?date=June (417 words)

	Filipino Community Celebrates 106th Philippine Independence Day
		The Philippines used to be a colony of Spain for 300 years and struggled to obtain its Independence on 12 June 1898.
		The Independence Day commemoration will also feature the honouring of Filipino families who have established residence in Vanuatu, for having paved the way for a cross cultural relationship between the Philippines and their adopted country.
		The Philippines Independence Day celebration is expected to bring these groups together for the first time in three years.
	www.news.vu /en/living/community/filipino-community-celebr.shtml (311 words)

	Diwa Ng Kalayaan 2006 - New York :: PIDCI, Inc.
		It marks the 108th anniversary of the declaration of Philippine Independence.
		On tap for the day are the traditional trio of the first of two culminating events: the all-day Independence Day Street Fair, the Cultural Festival and 2006 Philippine Independence Day Parade led by Grand Marshal Dan de Guzman.
		The Parade is led by the 2006 Independence Day Parade Grand Marshal Dan de Guzman, with PIDCI President Isagani C. Puertollano, Honorary Adviser Consul General Cecilia R. Rebong, Independence Day Parade Chair Juliet Payabyab, Honored Guests, as spearhead, with contingents of marchers from Filipino-American associations, Marching Bands, floats, open cars, others.
	www.aratilis.org /pidci/iday.htm (485 words)

	Philippine Independence Medal
		The Philippine Independence Ribbon is authorized by DA Cir 59, 1948.
		Any recipient of both the Philippine Defense and Philippine Liberation ribbons is eligible for award of the Philippine Independence Ribbon.
		United States Army personnel authorized to wear the Philippine Independence Ribbon under the established criteria, may continue to wear the ribbon, provided the authority for such wear was recorded before 24 November 1954.
	www.gruntsmilitary.com /philind.shtml (87 words)

	HOT MANILA -- Understanding Philippine Independence Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Oh yes - the point is that this year, it's supposed to be the 106th anniversary of Independence Day so we've all had lots of chances to understand what it's all about.
		When you see the Independence Day parade in Luneta and watch the stirring sight of the full panoply of the country's armed might, in the shape of tanks and marching soldiers, which of the following are you moved to ask yourself?
		If you picked C as any of the answers then congratulate yourself, you are a true Filipino with a proper understanding of Independence Day.
	www.hotmanila.ph /humor/independence.htm (667 words)

	Brudirect.com - Local News
		The Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company, the country's top national dance company, will perform in Brunei next month to celebrate the 107th anniversary of the Proclamation of Philippine Independence.
		It will perform at the Philippine International Convention Centre on June 14, during the Philippine Independence Diplomatic Reception hosted by the Philippine Embassy.
		A one-day Filipino food festival, in conjunction with the Philippine Independence Day celebrations, will be held on June 13 at the Holiday Lodge Hotel, it added.
	www.brudirect.com /DailyInfo/News/Archive/May05/280505/nite18.htm (289 words)

	The Philippine Centennial
		The 100th birth anniversary of Philippine Independence will commemorate the events that distinguished the Philippines as the first constitutional democracy in Asia, namely the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, the declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 and the ratification of a Philippine Constitution by the 1898 Malolos Congress in January 1899.
		The Philippine National Anthem's original composition was in Spanish and was written by Jose Palma.
		This was played during the Proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 at General Emilio Aguinaldo's residence in Kawit, Cavite.
	www.worldkids.net /kids/lauren/centennial.html (280 words)

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