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Topic: Philo of Alexandria

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	Philo of Alexandria [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Philo of Alexandria, a Hellenized Jew, is a figure that spans two cultures, the Greek and the Hebrew.
		Philo's philosophy represented contemporary Platonism which was its revised version incorporating Stoic doctrine and terminology via Antiochus of Ascalon (ca 90 B.C.E.) and Eudorus of Alexandria, as well as elements of Aristotelian logic and ethics and Pythagorean ideas.
		Philo's ethical doctrine is Stoic in its essence and includes the active effort to achieve virtue, the model of a sage to be followed, and practical advice concerning the achievement of the proper right reason and a proper emotional state of rational emotions (eupatheia).
	www.iep.utm.edu /p/philo.htm (9233 words)

	Philo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philo (20 BCE - 40 CE) was a Hellenized Jewish philosopher born in Alexandria, Egypt.
		Philo included in his philosophy both Greek wisdom and Judaism, which he sought to fuse and harmonize by means of the art of allegory that he had learned as much from Jewish exegesis as from the Stoics.
		Philo regards the physical nature of man as something defective and as an obstacle to his development that can never be fully surmounted, but still as something indispensable in view of the nature of his being.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philo_of_Alexandria (3184 words)

	Philo on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo was the first important thinker to attempt to reconcile biblical religion with Greek philosophy.
		An eclectic and a mystic, Philo emphasized the total transcendence and perfection of God, and in order to account for creation and the relation between the infinite God and the finite world, he used the concept of the Logos.
		Greek and Jew: Philo and the Alexandrian Riots of 38-41 CE.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p/philo.asp (835 words)

	Philo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo was involved in the crisis in his community related to the pogrom initiated in A D.38 by the prefect.
		Philo has sometimes been labeled a gnostic or participant in gnosticism, but this is a misunderstanding of his Platonism in service to his interpretation of the Mosaic law (see especially Birger AX Pearson, "Philo and Gnosticism," Aufstieg und Niedergang in der römischen Welt 2 21,1 [ed.
		Philo is significant for lexical and conceptual terms and ideas that are reflected in the language of the New Testament.
	www.childrenofyahweh.com /Philo/philo.htm (9934 words)

	Philo of Alexandria Blog
		In this section Philo enters upon an allegorization of the incident described in Genesis 18, where Abraham is approached by, and entertains, a trio of strangers, who are in fact the Lord, under an alternately monadic and triadic guise.
		This leads Philo to an exposition of the relation between God himself and his two chief Powers, the Creative and the Administrative (represented by theos and kyrios respectively) which is of great interest, both as to its possible sources and to its philosophical significance.
		Hywel Clifford, 'Moses as Philosopher-Sage in Philo.' pp.
	philoblogger.blogspot.com (2891 words)

	Early Jewish Writings
		Philo's nephew Tiberius Julius Alexander, Alexander's son, abandoned his ancestral religion, became the Roman procurator in Judea in 46-48 CE, and played an important role for the Romans in their suppression of the Jewish revolt of 66-70 CE—another indication of the status enjoyed by the people in Philo's family.
		Philo attempted to achieve a twofold purpose by his writings: 1) He endeavored to justify the jewish religion to the cultured people of Graeco-Roman society.
		Katz claims that 'Philo witnesses to a development in which philosophy turned religious and religion philosophic.' While Philo spoke pihlosophically with the intention of bringing home dogmatic and ethical truths, in so doing it involved on his part a dilution of the religious substance of divine revelation.
	www.earlyjewishwritings.com /philo.html (745 words)

	Thomas Luckmann. Philo of Alexandria. Fra Veien til vitenskap - Gullvekta
		Philo was then chosen to head a delegation (On the Embassy to Gaius 370) sent in AD 39/40 by the Jewish community to Gaius Caligula in Rome.
		Philo's view that general education prepares for philosophy and his definition of philosophy as "the practice or study of wisdom which is the knowledge of things divine and human in their causes" are Stoic, as is also his division of philosophy into logic, ethics, and physics.
		Philo's writings reflect a variety of movements within Judaism in the time of the beginnings of Christianity, and this observation has also thrown light on some of the conflicts and debates in early Christianity, particularly in relation to Judaism and the Hellenistic world.
	oaks.nvg.org /we3ra6.html (5903 words)

	Pagan Regeneration: Chapter IX: The Mysticism of Philo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo was conscious of the religious problem involved by the earthy constitution of the human body, and his attitude on the problem was a mingled one.
		Philo reiterated this point with emphasis: "Man is the noblest of animals by reason of the higher element among his component parts." This reasoning power not only differentiated man from the creatures of earth but gave him kinship in heaven and related him, in a way, to deity.
		Philo, like Paul, used the word "faith" to denominate this attitude of trust in God, and if one may judge from the frequency and the emphasis of his references to faith this personal attitude was almost as significant for the Alexandrian Jew as it was for Paul himself.
	www.sacred-texts.com /cla/pr/pr11.htm (9152 words)

	PBS: The Roman Empire in the First Century - Ancient Voices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo of Alexandria was a Jewish philosopher, scholar and leader writing during the first century.
		Born in 30 BC to a wealthy Jewish family in Egyptian Alexandria, he was an important spokesman for Jews throughout the Roman Empire, who faced many hardships at the hands of the Romans.
		Philo wrote that the Jewish elders swore to die on the spot rather than see their temple defiled, but their sacrifice proved unnecessary when Caligula was murdered — killed by his closest aides.
	www.pbs.org /empires/romans/voices/voices2b.html (552 words)

	20th WCP: The Law of God and the Laws of the Cities in Philo of Alexandria
		I evaluate the position of philosophy within Philo’s theory of education as well as its relation to encyclical studies and to the highest forms of knowledge.
		Philo distinguishes among novmo" ejvmyuco", natural law which was transmitted by Moses, and particular laws of individual cities.
		For Philo, the source of good is not nature but God, and the knowledge of the nature doesn't necessarily lead to virtue.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anci/AnciCala.htm (3083 words)

	[No title]
		Philo blames the disaster on the prefect's reaction to the death of Tiberius and the accession of Gaius Caligula as Emperor.
		Philo's earnest advice about treating their rulers with caution rather than frankness would seem to imply that there were Jews of his time who favored blunt talk and, possibly, rebellion.
		Philo acknowledges the schooling process with its pompous teachers and narrowly focused students, but this does not argue for the conclusion that certain portions of his work are school traditions uncritically lifted from his academic experiences.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /psco/archives/psco17-min.txt (9494 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philo of Alexandria
		Philo's work belongs for the most part to the immense literature of commentaries on the Law, and it is especially as a commentator that he must be considered.
		We recognize, it is true, the traces of the cosmic origin of the Divine intermediaries; the angels are material intermediaries as well as spiritual, and Philo accepts the belief in the power of the heavenly bodies as an inferior degree of wisdom.
		It is finally from this point of view of the interior life that Philo transforms the moral conception of the Greeks which he knew mainly in the most popular forms (cynical diatribes); he discovers in them the idea of the moral conscience accepted though but slightly developed by philosophers up to that time.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12023a.htm (2280 words)

	Master: Philo of Alexandria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo Judaeus of Alexandria (30 BC - 45 AD) was a Jewish philosopher who lived in the city of Alexandria, in northern Egypt.
		He had a dualistic view of the world, which he separated into the world of matter and the world of God, since if matter had been created by God, the existence of evil would be inexplicable.
		Philo established a connection between these worlds through intermediary beings, which represent different aspects of God's existence and thought.
	cr.middlebury.edu /public/russian/Bulgakov/public_html/Philo.html (108 words)

	Interpretation and the Bible: Philo, School of Alexandria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo used the allegorical method of interpretation of the Pentateuch in his commentaries.
		Philo was an apologist for Judaism and sought to show, through allegorical and symbolic methods, that Jewish culture was not inferior to Hellenistic culture.
		Both Clement of Alexandria and Origen were influenced by his methods.
	gbgm-umc.org /UMW/bible/jci.stm (496 words)

	Philo Judaeus, Alexandria/Egypt, Ancient Christian Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo Judaeus does not properly belong in any "Dictionary of Christian Biography," be it ancient or other, though by virtue of his mistaken incorporation within Eusebius' "Ecclesiastical History" and within Jerome's "Lives of Illustrious Men," it is necessary to consider why such should have occurred.
		Philo thought the "Essenes" lived "in villages, avoiding all cities on account of the habitual lawlessness" of urban inhabitants, "some cultivating the earth, and others devoting themselves to those arts which are the result of peace" [XII (76)], hence manufacturing neither arms nor armaments [XII (78)] nor keeping slaves [XII (79)].
		To Philo, their way of life was "philosophical," though in contrast to specific Greek alternatives, in his sense of giving focus through the study of Scripture to "the contemplation of the existence of God and of the creation of the universe" [XII (80)].
	www.dacb.org /stories/egypt/philo_judaeus.html (2080 words)

	Philo of Alexandria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Philo Judaeus was a first-century Greek scholar whose writings fuse Judaism, Greek philosophy, and allegorical mysticism in a Neoplatonic manner.
		Philo provided Jewish doctrines with intellectual and cultural respectability by stating them in Greek philosophical terms.
		Philo lived in Alexandria, Egypt, until his death in approximately 50.
	www.alcott.net /alcott/home/champions/Philo.html (119 words)

	Alexander the Alabarch: summary / Katherine Evans
		Summary presented to the Philo of Alexandria Seminar of the Nov. 1995 annual meeting of Society of Biblical Literature.
		Philo was also related to the ruling class of Judea through the marriage of his nephew Marcus if not before that.
		I have no doubt that when Philo made his pilgrimmage to Jerusalem as described in On Providence that he was welcomed as an honored guest for his brother's sake as well as for his own.
	www.fiu.edu /~evansk/alexsumm.html (954 words)

	Resource Pages for Philo of Alexandria
		Philo of Alexandria, The Rabbis,, And The Gospels - The Final Development of Hellenism in its Relation to Rabbinism and the Gospel According to St. John.
		Seland, Torrey, (Re)Presentations of Violence in Philo of Alexandria.
		Szesnat, Holger, Philo and the Presence of the Therapeutrides at Lake Mareotis.
	www.torreys.org /bible/philopag.html (2562 words)

	Philo of Alexandria Blog: 09/01/2006 - 10/01/2006
		One the one hand, genuine prophecy is to Philo due to "the divine spirit which plays upon the vocal organism and dictates words, which clearly express its prophetic message"; no pronouncement of a prophet is ever his own, "he is an interpreter prompted by another in all his utterances" (Spec.
		The social life of Alexandria probably surfaces when Philo cautions and says: "Moses demands that one who is registered in the commonwealth of the laws should be perfect not in the lore, in which many are schooled, of divination and voices and plausible conjectures, but in his duties towards God.
		This paper explores the exegetical connections to be made between such beneficent christology and the ideas surrounding the virtue of philanthropia as a both a royal and divine attribute in the roman imperial period.
	philoblogger.blogspot.com /2006_09_01_philoblogger_archive.html (1740 words)

	Philo of Alexandria: Studia Philonica Annual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Studia Philonica Annual is closely associated with the Philo of Alexandria Group that convenes annually at the AAR/SBL meetings in North America.
		Monographs on Philo and Hellenistic Judaism are published in The Studia Philonica Monograph Series, edited by David Hay.
		The bibliographical material on Philo in The Studia Philonica Annual is provided by The International Philo of Alexandria Bibliography Project.
	www.nd.edu /~philojud (709 words)

	The Tabernacle of Israel
		Interpretation of the Tabernacle account begins with Philo of Alexandria, the first century Jewish philosopher.
		Philo is the earliest known figure to have developed and recorded a sustained interpretation of the Bible.
		To Philo, the Tabernacle served as an allegory for the cosmology of Plato.
	www.glencairnmuseum.org /tabernacle/la.htm (546 words)

	[No title]
		"The Logos Endiathetos and the Logos Prophorikos in Allegorical Interpretation: Philo of Alexandria and the D-Scholia to the Iliad," Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 44 (2004), pp.
		"Philo, the Presence of 'Paideutic' Myth in the Pentateuch, and the 'Principles' or Kephalaia of Mosaic Discourse," The Studia Philonica Annual 10 (1998), pp.
		"Philo and the Literary Quality of the Bible: A Theoretical Aspect of the Problem," The Journal of Jewish Studies 46 (1995), pp.
	www.huc.edu /faculty/faculty/kamesar.shtml (441 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Philo Judaeus: The Creation of the World, c. 30 CE
		Ancient History Sourcebook: Philo Judaeus: The Creation of the World, c.
		This tendency toward the moral and religious was strengthened by the spread of Jewish and Christian teachings, together with the development of the Neo-Platonists toward mysticism, and the consequent mingling of western and eastern thought.
		Philo Judaeus lived in Alexandria, Egypt, from 20 B.C. to 40 A.D. He was a Jew in religion but a Greek in philosophy, and did much to promote this fusion of thought.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/philo-creation.html (990 words)

	Untitled Document
		In 1995 members of the Philo of Alexandria Seminar decided to initiate a series of commentaries in English on major treatises of Philo.
		The name of the series is Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series (PACS).
		David T. Runia, Philo of Alexandria On the Creation of the Cosmos according to Moses: Translation and Commentary, Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series 1 (Leiden: E. Brill, 2001).
	www.nd.edu /~philojud/38.htm (149 words)

	Judaism.com - Philo of Alexandria The Contemplative Life, Giants and Selections
		Available for the first time in one volume is the basic vision of Philo (circa 20 BCE-50 CE), the greatest Jewish mystic, philosopher, and theologian of the Greco-Roman period.
		Since the corpus of his writings is immense and his style diffuse, no one treatise or small group of treatises exhibits his full perspective on any given spiritual theme; thus an anthology was necessary.
		In his Introduction he summarizes the latest findings of Philonic scholarship and offers a new and more balanced appreciation of Philo's thought than was available before, based on a new full-scale study of Philo's religious philosophy which he is now in the process of preparing.
	www.judaism.com /display.asp?utn=19401 (282 words)

	Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series, Philo of Alexandria, on the Creation of the Cosmos According: Introduction, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This study is the first volume in the new Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series.
		It contains a new English translation of Philo's famous treatise On the creation of the cosmos (the first for seventy years), and the first ever commentary in English.
		The commentary aims to make Philo's thought accessible to readers such as graduate students who are just beginning to read him, but also contains much material that will be of interest to specialists in Hellenistic Judaism, ancient philosophy and patristic literature.
	www.parable.com /gs/item_9004121692.htm (249 words)

	Philo of Alexandria
		This volume is a continuation of Philo of Alexandria: an Annotated Bibliography 1937-1986, published by Roberto Radice and David Runia in 1988 (second edition 1992).
		Prepared with the collaboration of the International Philo Bibliography Project, it contains a complete listing of all scholarly writings on Philo in all languages for the period 1987 to 1996.
		He has published extensively on the writings and thought of Philo of Alexandria, and has been editor of The Studia Philonica Annual since 1989.
	www.brill.nl /product_id9145.htm (185 words)

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