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Topic: Philo of Byzantium

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	BYZANTIUM and JAPAN ~ A Cultural Comparison - NEW BYZANTIUM
		There exists similarity between the theory that the Emperor of Byzantium in his Empire is a sort of deputy of God, on the one hand; and on the other hand, the myth of the descent of the Tenno from divinity.
		The former by the fall of Byzantium to the Mohammedan Turks in 1453; and the latter by the defeat of Japan by means of the atomic bomb in the Second World War and the imposition of the new Constitution by the United States in 1946.
		Byzantium granted titles to foreigners (Princes of Armenia and Caucasus, of Bulgaria, the Doge of Venice, etc.) while the Meiji Constitution included among the citizens foreigners such as the Koreans (similarly for the aristocracy and for the common citizens), the natives of Sachalin, etc.
	www.new-byzantium.org /Byz.Japn.html (2085 words)

	Philo Of Byzantium - LoveToKnow 1911
		PHILO OF BYZANTIUM, Greek writer on mechanics, flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century B.C. (according to some, a century earlier).
		He was the author of a large work Mrixavwol vvvra es), of which the fourth and (in epitome) fifth books are extant, treating of missiles, the construction of fortresses, provisioning, attack and defence (ed.
		A little treatise On the Seven Wonders of the World, wrongly attributed to Philo, probably belongs to the 6th century A.D. It is printed in R. Hercher's Aelian (1858).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Philo_Of_Byzantium (167 words)

	Philo of Byzantium - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Philo of Byzantium, Greek writer on mechanics, (born about 280 BCE) flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century B.C. (according to some, a century earlier).
		The treatise De septem mundi miraculis, on the Seven Wonders of the World, wrongly attributed to Philo, probably belongs to the 6th century A.D. It is printed in R.
		Philo of Byzantium, Ancient Greek writers, Ancient Greek physicists, Ancient Greek engineers, Military engineers and Science writers.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Philo_of_Byzantium (227 words)

	Geometry.Net - Scientists: Philon Of Byzantium
		Philon Mechanikos of Byzantium was an engineer and architectural theoretician in the third century B.C. His writings have survived, in part, though the manuscripts are corrupt and filled with serious lacunae.
		Hypatia Hypsicles Leucippus Marinus of Neapolis Menaechmus Menelaus Nicomachus NicomedesOenopides of Chios Pappus Perseus philon of byzantium Plato Porphyry
		This problem was devised by Philo as a reduction to the duplication of the cube problem, and because of this link to this famous problem, it has excited interest over the ages.
	www.geometry.net /scientists/philon_of_byzantium.php (2968 words)

	TMTh:: PHILO OF BYZANTIUM
		Philo of Byzantium was one of the most important of the great Alexandrian engineers, and the connecting link between Ctesibius, with whom he studied, and Hero.
		The compendium of his works known as the "Mechanical Collection" not only gives us a full picture of Philo's own work, but also allows us to appreciate the whole range of problems in mechanics that occupied his contemporaries and their predecessors: truly a unique intellectual heritage.
		The air pump (bellows), the chain pump (with buckets), the missile-launcher (powered by compressed air) and the piston pump, as well as a number of water-powered gadgets and novelties, toys, a treadmill, and a siren for lighthouses.
	www.tmth.edu.gr /en/aet/5/79.html (419 words)

	Short Biography on Philo of Alexandria
		Wolfson (Philo I:79ff.) believes that the Jews had such educational institutions of their own, but surmises that Philo's sayings are perhaps not related to actual education at all.
		The strength of this categorization is that it recognizes that Philo was primarily an exegete and expositor of the Scriptures, and that when he applied the Pentateuchal principles to various issues he presupposed the kind of exegesis he had developed in his expository works.
		Philo of Alexandria and the Timaeus of Plato
	www.torreys.org /bible/philobio.html (5254 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Hero of Byzantium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hero of Byzantium is believed to be the literary pseudonym of an otherwise anonymous Byzantine author of a poliorketikon, an illustrated manual of siegecraft, dating from circa 950.
		He is also credited with the Geodaesia, a work in practical geometry and ballistics which makes use of locations around Constantinople to illustrate its points.
		Further, there are passages or techniques from Athenaeus Mechanicus, Philo of Byzantium and Biton.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Hero_of_Byzantium.html (230 words)

	Moich- In Greek Literature (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because Philo used two words with basically the same meaning, the translation of the passage seems redundant in English, but not in Greek, where this technique of using synonymous words in close proximity was quite common, especially in Philo's writings.
		It is clear from the passage that Philo is concerned with the issue of race because he specifically uses the term twice, and when he says "persistence of the race," he means so that the race will survive in its pure form.
		Philo, an Israelite in dispersion, was of course writing about the Greek Septuagint, the Old Testament used by millions of Israelites during the 1st century AD, including the over 1,000,000 Israelites who lived in Alexandria, Egypt.
	www.christianseparatist.org /sixth/moichinlit.html (2028 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Philo
		He was the first great figure of the ancient engineering tradition of Alexandria, Egypt, which culminated with Heron of Alexandria and Philo of Byzantium.
		Greek and Jew: Philo and the Alexandrian Riots of 38-41 CE.
		How Phoebe eclipsed Stella; As its first London store opens, Chloe's designer Phoebe Philo on success, her rivalry with Stella McCartney, and why she is homesick for Notting Hill.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Philo&StartAt=11 (877 words)

	BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER: The Sinews of War: Ancient Catapults -- Cuomo 303 (5659): 771 -- Science
		Philo is our earliest direct source for a solution to this problem (6).
		Philo underpins his account with theoretical explanations based on mathematics and physics, but also punctuates it with references to cost, expediency, durability, and structural strain.
		He proposes an engine that provides long-range shots, because shooting far is something "which they display the greatest enthusiasm over and would exchange anything for," but does not recommend a repeat arrow-shooter, because he sees "no advance" in it (8).
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/303/5659/771 (2053 words)

	Philonic Nomenclature
		For Eusebius Philo is ‘a Hebrew by descent’.
		Philo, who is such a valuable source of information on the beginnings of the Church in Alexandria, belongs to those respected and (relatively) ancient members of the Jewish people who lived before the fall of Jerusalem.
		Philo is given an epithet mainly in order to tell the reader something about him, and, as we have seen, the epithet is often chosen in relation to the context in which it is used.
	www.torreys.org /bible/nomencla.htm (7060 words)

	Hanging Gardens—Philo of Byzantium
		Philo was a civil engineer, whose dates and works are disputed.
		He may have flourished mid 2nd century BC, or mid 3rd century BC; and he may (or may not) have compiled the first known list (with descriptions) of the Seven Wonders of the World.
		Only if you travel the world and get worn out by the effort of the journey will the desire to see all the Wonders of the World be satisfied, and by the time you have done that you will be old and practically dead.
	www.plinia.net /wonders/gardens/hg4philo.html (710 words)

	Philo-L'homme (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Philo of Byzantium was a Greek engineer born around 250 BC.
		Although mentioned briefly by both Vitruvius and Hero, little is known about Philo other than what is gleaned from the surviving fragments of his great book.
		Philo's book probably consisted of nine chapters that discussed the lever, the construction of seaports and fortresses, catapults, pneumatics, automatic theaters, and military tactics.
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~cs507/projects/1998/simonpie/Philo-homme.html (89 words)

	PHILO OF BYZANTIUM - Online Information article about PHILO OF BYZANTIUM
		PHILO OF BYZANTIUM - Online Information article about PHILO OF BYZANTIUM
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		Philo, probably belongs to the 6th century A.D.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PHILO_OF_BYZANTIUM.html (212 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Philo of Byzantium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He was the author of a large work of which the fourth and fifth books are extant to some degree, which detail missiles, the construction of fortresses, provisioning, attack and defence (ed.
		The Knights of Byzantium (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
		Empirical solution of the Monty Hall problem (Perl Philo Vivero Version) (Source)
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Philo_of_Byzantium.html (198 words)

	Philo of Byzantium - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Philo of Byzantium - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		PHILO OF BYZANTIUM, Greek writer on mechanics, nourished during the latter half of the 2nd century B.C. (according to some, a century earlier).
		He was the author of a large work Mrj\aviKri owrafis), of which the fourth and (in epitome) fifth books are extant, treating of missiles, the construction of fortresses, provisioning, attack and defence (ed.
	www.music.us /education/P/Philo-of-Byzantium.htm (376 words)

	Dr. Abraham Terian
		His subsequent research in Philonic studies has resolved the long-standing problem of the chronology of Philo's voluminous works and has provided a viable methodology for distinguishing between tradition and originality in Philo.
		Another book, to be published in anticipation of the 17th Centennary of the Christianization of Armenia, is entitled Patriotism and Piety in Armenian Christianity: The Medieval Panegyrics on St. Gregory the Illuminator.
		"Strange Interpolations in the Text of Philo: The Case of the Quaestiones in Exodum." In D. Runia, D. Hay, and D. Winston, eds., Heirs of the Septuagint: Philo, Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity; Festschrift for Earle Hilgert.
	www.stnersess.edu /Faculty/Dr_Abraham.html (1316 words)

	Philo of Byzantium, Pneumatica
		Philo, from the Greek colony of Byzantium, was active in Alexandria and Rhodos about 200 B.C. He is famous as one of the earliest teachers of military engineering, and is known to have written technical and scientific works, including one on fluid mechanics.
		Also included are newly discovered Greek, Latin-Gothic, and Italian forms of Philo´s work, and a full English translation, which presents the Arabic version (aya-Sofya ms.
		He also discusses the probable periods when individual parts and versions of the "Pneumatica" were developed, after Philo´s writing of the original work, and the various times during which the work exercised technical or scientific influence.
	www.reichertverlag.de /3920153324.htm (321 words)

	Philo of Byzantium, Pneumatica (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Philo, from the Greek colony of Byzantium, was active in Alexandria and Rhodos about 200 B.C. He is famous as one of the earliest teachers of military engineering, and is known to have written technical and scientific works, including one on fluid mechanics.
		Also included are newly discovered Greek, Latin-Gothic, and Italian forms of Philo´s work, and a full English translation, which presents the Arabic version (aya-Sofya ms.
		He also discusses the probable periods when individual parts and versions of the "Pneumatica" were developed, after Philo´s writing of the original work, and the various times during which the work exercised technical or scientific influence.
	www.reichertverlag.com /3920153324.htm (321 words)

	Home
		The story says that Nebuchadnezzar built these elaborate gardens to please his wife Amytis who had been "brought up in Media (a mountainous region) and had a passion for mountain surroundings".
		While the most descriptive accounts of the Gardens come from Greek historians, such as Berossus, Diodorus Siculus, Strabo and Philo of Byzantium, there are no Babylonian records.
		However, it is somewhat hard to believe that the Greek historians would include the Gardens among the other wonders without having great confidence in their existence.
	www.delta7studios.com /garden.htm (697 words)

	CHAPTER X - OF ETHER. AND THE WEIGHT AND ELASTICITY OF THE AIR
		And what will appear still more surprising, is, that Ctesibius, upon the principle of the air’s elasticity, invented windguns, which we look upon as a modern contrivance.
		Philo of byzantium gives us a very full and exact description of that curious machine, planned upon the property of the air’s being capable of condensation, and so constructed, as to manage and direct the force of that element, in such a manner, as to carry stones with rapidity to the greatest distance.
		Seneca also knew its weight, spring, and elasticity; for he describes the constant effort it makes to expand itself, when it is impresssed; and affirms, that it has the property of condensing itself, and forcing its way through all obstacles that oppose its passage.
	wesley.nnu.edu /john_wesley/wesley_natural_philosophy/duten10.htm (768 words)

	Heat
		The first step on the road to a thermometer was taken by one Philo of Byzantium, an engineer, in the second century BC.
		To quote Philo: “…if you expose the sphere to the sun, part of the air enclosed in the tube will pass out when the sphere becomes hot.
		Notice that Philo did what a real investigative scientist should do—he checked that the experiment was reproducible, and he established that the air’s expansion was in response to heat being applied to the sphere, and was independent of the source of the heat.
	galileo.phys.virginia.edu /classes/152.mf1i.spring02/Heat.htm (2684 words)

	The Colossus of Rhodes
		It was said to have caused a shortage of bronze throughout the ancient world during its construction although Philon of Byzantium says that 13.6 tons of bronze and 8.2 tons of iron were used.
		Philo's text has been translated to state that the footprints of the god, on the base, were as big (long) as a normal statue was (high).
		Other translations use foot soles instead of footprints, but in all such versions the comparison seems to be one of length against one of height.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Colossus.htm (2321 words)

	Hot Enough for You? Scientists Ask, Fast Enough for You?
		The device's simplicity and accuracy over a wide temperature range could make it useful as a reference thermometer, especially at ultracold temperatures.
		The study of heat goes back at least as far back as the second century B.C. when an engineer named Philo of Byzantium observed that gases expand when heated and contract when cooled.
		Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first to turn this observation into a thermometer around 1600.
	www.yale.edu /physics/news/schoelkopf.html (1592 words)

	Hanging Gardens of Babylon - Babylon Hanging Gardens - Seven Wonders of Ancient World
		Tablets from the era contain descriptions of Nebuchadnezzar's palace, the city of Babylon, and the walls, but there are no references of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon to be found in them.
		Strabo and Philo of Byzantium furnish us with some information about its structure.
		The sides of the quadrangular Garden were each of them "four plethra long" and consisted of arched vaults mounted upon cubic foundations.
	www.allwondersoftheworld.com /seven-ancient-wonders/hanging-gardens.html (482 words)

	Mesopotamia: Artifacts by Jami, Ravi, and Andy
		The legend says that he built it to please his wife.
		Philo of Byzantium listed the Hanging Gardens as one of his Seven Wonders of the World.
		I made this model of the Hanging Gardens by covering a painted board with mud.
	www.ablemedia.com /ctcweb/consortium/vammesopotamia3.html (270 words)

	The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
		Philo of Byzantium compiled the first list of Seven Wonders for travelers of the Hellenistic Era, which included only unique man-made structures, such as the Pyramids at Giza or sculptures like the Colossus of Rhodes.
		Philo highlighted the various qualities that made the gardens worthy of incorporation onto the list of Wonders in the 3rd century B.C. These gardens portrayed the majesty of the Babylonian culture and the advanced technology of its people.
		It was a terraced garden that exhibited many beautiful plants and held many fountains.
	www.geocities.com /pavulurivenusg/worldwonders/hanginggardens.html (1241 words)

	The Ancient Wonders of the World
		It was the year 130 BC and Philo of Byzantium was writing the first list containing The Seven Wonders of the World.
		"On the Seven Wonders of the World" was wrongly attributed to Philo and probably was written in the 4th century BC.
		Furthermore, Philo wouldn't have been the first to write a list of sites of the world.
	www.princeton.edu /~ferguson/adw/wonders.shtml (3333 words)

	the Cottage Shop - Seven Wonders of The Antique World Stein
		This magnificent stein comes with a detailed explanation of the Seven Wonders of the Antique World and a certificate of authenticity.
		In the year 200 B.C.Philo of Byzantium listed the most magnificent architectural masterpieces of humankind.
		Those were: The Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus, The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, The Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza, The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and the Colossus of Helios at Rhodes.
	www.thecottageshop.com /moreinfo.cfm?Product_ID=2206&CFID=140086&CFTOKEN=73458008 (124 words)

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