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	Philopoemen - LoveToKnow 1911
		PHILOPOEMEN (253-184 B.C.), Greek general, was born at Megalopolis, and educated by the academic philosophers Ecdemus and Demophanes or Megalophanes, who had distinguished themselves as champions of freedom.
		In Igo Philopoemen protected Sparta, which meanwhile had joined the League and thereupon seceded, but punished a renewed defection so cruelly as to draw the censure of Rome upon his country.
		Philopoemen's great merit lies in his having restored to his compatriots that military efficiency without which the Achaean League for all its skilful diplomacy could never stand.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Philopoemen (329 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 317 (v. 3)
		Philopoemen, on the contrary, was both a brave soldier and a good general; and the possession of these qualities enabled him to make the Achaean league a really independent power in Greece.
		As soon as it became known that the Spartans were in the city, most of the citizens fled towards Messene; but Philopoemen and a few kindred spirits offered a gallant resistance to the enemy, and their determined and desperate valour gave such employment to the Spartans, as to enable the citizens to escape in safety.
		Eager to revenge his country, Philopoemen joined him with a thousand foot and a body of horse, which Megalopolis placed under his command, and at the head of which he fought in the celebrated battle of Sellasia, in which Cleomenes was utterly defeated, and by which peace was for a time restored to Greece.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/2651.html (1026 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Philopoemen by Plutarch
		Philopoemen perceiving them to be only too glad at the news, and eager to return, checked them with a speech, in which he made them sensible, that what Cleomenes called restoring the city was, rather, possessing himself of the citizens; and through their means securing also the city for the future.
		Philopoemen reformed all this, persuading them to change the narrow target and short javelin into a large shield and long pike; to arm their heads, bodies, thighs, and legs; and instead of loose skirmishing, fight firmly and foot to foot.
		Philopoemen finding himself upon this account out of favour with his citizens, induced divers of the little neighbouring places to renounce obedience to them, suggesting to them to urge that from the beginning they were not subject to their taxes or laws, or any way under their command.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/philopoe.html (5863 words)

	Philopoemen - The Last of the Greeks
		Philopoemen wore humble clothes and behaved like a plain man. Once, after he had become general of the Achaeans, a hostess at Megara received word that Philopoemen would be coming to dinner, and she began preparing a suitably grand reception.
		Philopoemen could not endure inaction, and perhaps he was angry at this slight, but his enemies in Megalopolis accused him of cowardice and betrayal.
		Philopoemen, indignant, went to Sparta himself as a private citizen and there commanded that neither the consul of Rome nor the general of the Achaeans be permitted to enter the town.
	www.e-classics.com /PHILOPOEMEN.htm (4017 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Philopoemen
		Polybius bore Philopoemen's ashes to burial in 182, was appointed...
		It was the birthplace of Philopoemen and the historian Polybius.
		Philopoemen, a Prince of Achaei, was often praised because it was thought...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Philopoemen (916 words)

	The Last Greek Hero
		Ironically, Philopoemen had recently objected when a certain man had been praised for his skill as a general, saying that a man who allows himself to be taken alive by the enemy deserves no fame at all.
		Philopoemen was still a strong man even at his age, but his long ride and his illness had weakened him.
		Philopoemen's ashes were honorably buried, and the prisoners were stoned to death at his tomb.
	www.loyno.edu /~rspipes/chicken/greek.htm (776 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Comparison of Philopoemen with Flamininus by Plutarch
		And at the very time when Philopoemen went over into Crete, destitute of means to succour his besieged countrymen, Titus, by a defeat given to Philip in the heart of Greece, set them and their cities free.
		As to their failings, ambition was Titus's weak side, and obstinacy Philopoemen's in the former, anger was easily kindled; in the latter, it was as hardly quenched.
		And though Philopoemen was unfortunate, certainly, in always being opposed to his countrymen, yet this misfortune is at the same time a proof of his merit.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/p_f_comp.html (634 words)

	Plutarch • Life of Philopoemen
		Their leader fallen, the enemy at once took to flight, and Philopoemen was in high renown, as one who yielded to none of the young men in personal prowess, and to none of the elder men in sagacity, but both in fighting and in commanding was most capable.
		Philopoemen showed them all this, and persuaded them to adopt long pike and heavy shield instead of spear and buckler, to protect their bodies with helmets and breastplates and greaves, and to practise stationary and steadfast fighting instead of the nimble movements of light-armed troops.
		Philopoemen, however, was waging war in Crete all that while, and serving as general across the sea, and so afforded his enemies a chance to accuse him of running away from the war at home.
	penelope.uchicago.edu /Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Philopoemen*.html (6609 words)

	Philopoemen -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		PHILOPOEMEN (253-184 B.C.), Greek general, was born at Megalopolis, and educated by the academic philosophers Ecdemus and Demophanes or Megalophanes, who had distinguished themselves as champions of freedom.
		In I90 Philopoemen protected Sparta, which meanwhile had joined the League and thereupon seceded, but punished a renewed defection so cruelly as to draw the censure of Rome upon his country.
		Philopoemen's great merit lies in his having restored to his compatriots that military efficiency without which the Achaean League for all its skilful diplomacy could never stand.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/ph/philopoemen.htm (340 words)

	Philopoemen - Encyclopedia.com
		Philopoemen, c.252-183 BC, Greek statesman and general, b.
		When Nabis was assassinated, the Spartans were incorporated (192) into the Achaean League, but revolted and were again conquered (188) by Philopoemen.
		Philopoemen was glorified by his compatriot, the historian Polybius.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Philopoe.html (360 words)

	Plutarch's Lives - Chapter 27. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Philopoemen finding himself upon this account out of favor with his citizens, induced divers of the little neighboring places to renounce obedience to them, suggesting to them to urge that from the beginning they were not subject to their taxes, or laws, or any way under their command.
		Philopoemen, in this conjuncture, carried himself like a good pilot in a high sea, sometimes shifting sail, and sometimes yielding, but still steering steady; and omitting no opportunity nor effort to keep all who were considerable, whether for eloquence or riches, fast to the defense of their common liberty.
		In the mean time Philopoemen's soldiers, recovering themselves after their flight, and fearing he was dead when he appeared nowhere, made a stand, calling him with loud cries, and reproaching one another with their unworthy and shameful escape; having betrayed their general, who, to preserve their lives, had lost his own.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/european/PlutarchsLives/chap27.html (5825 words)

	Philopoemen
		Philopoemen (Φιλοποίμην) (253-184 B.C.), Greek general, the so-called "Last of the Hellenes" was born at Megalopolis, and educated by the academic philosophers Ecdemus and Demophanes or Megalophanes, who had distinguished themselves as champions of freedom.
		In 2332 Philopoemen skilfully evacuated Megalopolis before the attack of Cleomenes III, and distinguished himself at Sellasia (222).
		In 190 Philopoemen protected Sparta, which meanwhile had joined the League and thereupon seceded, but punished a renewed defection so cruelly as to draw the censure of Rome upon his country.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/Philopoemen.html (369 words)

	AllRefer.com - Philopoemen (Ancient History, Greece, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		When Nabis was assassinated, the Spartans were incorporated (192) into the Achaean League, but revolted and were again conquered (188) by Philopoemen.
		He was captured and poisoned by Messenian rebels.
		Philopoemen was glorified by his compatriot, the historian Polybius.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Philopoe.html (203 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.07.06
		Philopoemen provides a prime example of the former, but the case must be built upon Polybian derivations in Plutarch and Livy.
		The author points out that, "Philopoemen's death is not all that different from the death of Marcellus [10.32.1-6, discussed on pp.
		Philopoemen's reforms in 210/209 were moral as well as military (pp.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1995/95.07.06.html (3124 words)

	PHILOPOEMEN (253–184 B... - Online Information article about PHILOPOEMEN (253–184 B...
		Philopoemen skilfully evacuated Megalopolis before the attack of Cleomenes III., and distinguished himself at Sellasia (222).
		In 190 Philopoemen protected Sparta, which meanwhile had joined the League and thereupon seceded, but punished a renewed defection so cruelly as to draw the censure of See also:
		Philopoemen's great merit lies in his having restored to his compatriots that military efficiency without which the Achaean League for all its skilful See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PHILOPOEMEN_253184_BC_.html (460 words)

	Philopoemen Study by Anne White
		Plutarch begins the story of Philopoemen with his upbringing and education, by his father's friend and two other excellent tutors—and the fact that he had that superior education (nurture in philosophy) is what matters.
		Philopoemen passes on his skills, discipline and passion to the Achaean cavalry—most of whom had never even bothered to show up for battles before.
		Most of the pictures of the "statue of Philopoemen" are the sculpture of him pulling the javelin out of his leg, not the one referred to here.
	amblesideonline.org /PlPhilopoemenStudy.shtml (3190 words)

	Comparison of Philopoemen with Flamininus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And at the very time when Philopoemen went over into Crete, destitute of means to succour his besieged countrymen, Titus, by a defeat given to Philip in the heart of Greece, set them and their cities free.
		As to their failings, ambition was Titus's weak side, and obstinacy Philopoemen's in the former, anger was easily kindled; in the latter, it was as hardly quenched.
		And though Philopoemen was unfortunate, certainly, in always being opposed to his countrymen, yet this misfortune is at the same time a proof of his merit.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/Plutarch/philflam.html (602 words)

	Philopoemen — FactMonster.com
		Nabis, successor of Machanidas, was driven out of Messene and was defeated (201–200) in Laconia by Philopoemen.
		Philopoemen was glorified by his compatriot, the historian
		Philopoemen - Philopoemen general of the Achæan league, made Epaminondas his model.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0838810.html (164 words)

	Philopoemen \| Musée du Louvre
		Philopoemen, a Greek military strategist renowned for his courage, has been wounded during a battle.
		In 222 BC, Philopoemen took part in the Battle of Sellasia, where he fought under the command of Antigonus Doson, King of Macedonia, against Cleomenes, King of Sparta.
		As an Achaean strategist, Philopoemen later attempted to build a united Greek alliance to counter the threat of Roman intervention.
	www.louvre.fr /llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp;jsessionid=Cf1bGdjc3jv1TqjyBxTPpW3r1pqHHhssW05p34hNyPYpHV1GGvjq!-1039948299?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225768&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225768&CURRENT_LLV_DEP%3C%3Efolder_id=1408474395181113&CURRENT_LLV_DIV%3C%3Efolder_id=2534374302024483&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500823&fromDept=true&baseIndex=62&bmUID=1121957211482&bmLocale=en (665 words)

	Philopoemen - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Philopoemen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He was captured by the Messenians and executed.
		[] Philopoemen*, "the last of the Greeks," born 252 B. The Prince by Machiavelli, Nicolo View in context
		When Lacedaemon was brought into the league by Philopoemen, it was attended with an abolition of the institutions and laws of Lycurgus, and an adoption of those of the Achaeans.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Philopoemen (120 words)

	Philopoemen and Flamininus - Plutarch - Dryden - Microsoft Reader eBook - Download Now!
		Philopoemen and Flamininus - Plutarch - Dryden - Microsoft Reader eBook - Download Now!
		Home > eBook Categories > History > World > Microsoft Reader eBooks > Plutarch > Dryden > Philopoemen and Flamininus
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	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/129534-ebook.htm (670 words)

	Sparta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When an infringement of the promise prompted the Spartans to secede, Philopoemen in 188 led an Achaean army to take Sparta, kill the anti-Achaean leaders, and force the city back into the league.
		Then, in 184, the Senate reasserted its own terms for settlement but was circumvented by Philopoemen, who reached a separate agreement with the Spartans.
		The independent-minded Philopoemen died the following year in a campaign by the league to suppress a revolt of Messene.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /sparta.htm (1202 words)

	Tite-Live - Histoire romaine - Livre XXXV
		Philopoemen, qui ignorait cet événement, porta ses quartiers en avant, au pied du mont Barnosthène, à dix milles de Lacédémone.
		Philopoemen alla ainsi se poster sur un rocher, au-dessus d'un torrent où l'on pouvait trouver de l'eau.
		(1) Philopoemen, voyant Nabis précipiter sa marche par une pente étroite et rapide, envoya toute sa cavalerie et ses auxiliaires crétois contre le détachement qui couvrait le camp ennemi.
	bcs.fltr.ucl.ac.be /liv/XXXV.html (13563 words)

	Plutarch's Lives - Chapter 29. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And at the very time when Philopoemen went over into Crete, destitute of means to succor his besieged countrymen, Titus, by a defeat given to Philip in the heart of Greece, set them and their cities free.
		Titus decided the matter betwixt Philip and himself in two engagements; but Philopoemen came off victorious in ten thousand encounters, to all which fortune had scarcely any presence, so much were they owing to his skill.
		And he had, indeed, to do with the two most warlike nations of all Greece, the Cretans on the one hand, and the Lacedaemonians on the other, and he mastered the craftiest of them by art and the bravest of them by valor.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/european/PlutarchsLives/chap29.html (614 words)

	Philopoemen (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Philopoemen perceiving them to be only too glad at the news, and
		Philopoemen forthwith took the field, and marched towards him.
		Philopoemen, fearing to be enclosed, and solicitous for his
	www6.tltc.ttu.edu /forsythe/Plutarch/philopoemen.htm (6684 words)

	Philopoemen -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		After spending some 10 years as a mercenary leader in Crete, he returned to Achaea and was elected federal cavalry commander for 210/209, when his reorganized…
		Polybius was the son of Lycortas, a distinguished Achaean statesman, and he received the upbringing considered appropriate for a son of rich landowners.
		His youthful biography of Philopoemen reflected his admiration for that great Achaean leader, and an interest in military matters found expression in his lost book, Tactics.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9059724 (344 words)

	Philopoemen - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Philopoemen, c.252-183 &BC;, Greek statesman and general, b.
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	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Philopoe (252 words)

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