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Topic: Philosophical movement

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	transcendentalism, American literary and philosophical movement. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, developing instead their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world.
		The movement began with the occasional meetings of a group of friends in Boston and Concord to discuss philosophy, literature, and religion.
		Primarily a movement seeking a new spiritual and intellectual vitality, transcendentalism had a great impact on American literature, not only on the writings of the group’s members, but on such diverse authors as Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman.
	www.bartleby.com /65/tr/trnscdntl1.html (425 words)

	Philosophical & Counter-Philosophical Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Inevitably, the expression ‘philosophical counselling’ was coined to describe the situation where a philosopher acts as consultant to an individual client.
		For instance, an American psychoanalyst and philosopher of science called Albert Ellis developed a form of psychotherapy in the 1950s called Rational-Emotive Therapy which was intended to be a fundamentally philosophical practice; it aimed at eliciting irrational beliefs from clients and exposing the fallacies in their reasoning using relatively informal disputation.
		It’s sufficient to remember that philosophical theory, in the universities, is taught primarily as an object of criticism not as a hand-me-down critical role for the philosopher as subject to occupy and enact - compare that to the ways in which psychotherapy is taught.
	members.aol.com /PracticalPhilo/Volume1Articles/robe.htm (2516 words)

	A Philosophical Counselling Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Philosophical counselling is not something new; it is a revival of the old tradition of practicing philosophy.
		The philosophical counselling movement therefore is not an outgrowth of psychotherapy, but an attempt by philosophers to return philosophy to its ancient and practical roots.
		It is therefore generally held that the official birth date of philosophical counselling as a movement, and as a profession distinct from psychotherapy, is 1981.
	www.interchg.ubc.ca /raabe/history.html (747 words)

	20th WCP: Human Nature and the Digital Culture: The Case for Philosophical Anthropology
		Philosophers must address this vacuum by renewing their responsibility to speak to these issues, once again taking up the work of articulating a philosophical anthropology and providing the guidance on these issues that they once did.
		Ironically, while most of the philosophical movements of this century have been devoted to rooting out the vestiges of Cartesian thought, what we find at the heart of the computer culture is a contemporary form of Cartesianism.
		This reflection on philosophical anthropology, physical and cultural anthropology, and socialist feminism discloses a richly textured, thickly described framework for the study of human nature which seeks to overcome dualism by emphasizing the bio-cultural development of human life.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Anth/AnthWeis.htm (4543 words)

	The Philosophical Gourmet Report 2004 - 2006 :: Analytic and Continental Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Analytic philosophers, crudely speaking, aim for argumentative clarity and precision; draw freely on the tools of logic; and often identify, professionally and intellectually, more closely with the sciences and mathematics, than with the humanities.
		The idea that intellectual labor is neatly divisible between philosophers and empirical scientists; that philosophers have a special method ("conceptual analysis") with which to solve problems; that philosophical problems are essentially soluble a priori, from the armchair--all these substantive commitments have largely died thanks to Quine and others.
		Indeed, it is fair to say that analytic philosophy is the philosophical movement most continuous with the "grand" tradition in philosophy, the tradition of Aristotle and Descartes and Hume and Kant.
	www.philosophicalgourmet.com /analytic.htm (1185 words)

	Metaphysics of Logical Positivism
		A philosophical movement is a group of philosophers, active over at least one or two generations, who more or less share a style, or an intellectual origin, and who have learned more from each other than they have from others, though they may, and often do, quite vigorously disagree among themselves.
		An unexamined metaphysics, that is, one implicitly held, is for a philosopher the worst metaphysics of all.
		The argument that philosophical controversies cannot be decided experimentally, for instance, serves as a bridge between the first two; again, admiration of the physical sciences may tempt one to put too high a value on the new symbolic technics and thus in the end to pay for their coveted neatness and precision with vacuity.
	www.hist-analytic.org /BergmannMLP.htm (13826 words)

	Philosophy Practices as Alternative Ways to Well-being - Radical Psychology, Volume 1, Issue 1.
		The sections "The Philosophical Counseling Hotline" and "Personal Well-being and the Philosophical Café" are accounts of specific applications of ideas of the contemporary German philosopher Gerd B. Achenbach, the founder of the international philosophical practice movement.
		Since philosophical counseling is not a branch of psychotherapy, but an independent dialogue between a philosopher and any person who is interested in philosophy as a way of life, it is -- so long as they are able to talk rationally -- a practice for everybody.
		The philosopher contributes to the discussion by asking questions or by giving a philosophical interpretation; essentially his or her task is to facilitate the dialogue.
	www.radpsynet.org /journal/vol1-1/Schuster.html (3451 words)

	About/contrary movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Ecumenism is the movement, which seeks the organizational unity of all Christianity and ultimately of all religions.
		Neo-Evangelicalism is the philosophical movement that subjects cooperation in ministry to social and spiritual need rather than biblical authority.
		The Charismatic Movement is an interfaith movement emphasizing religious experiences such as the "baptism in the Holy Spirit," accompanied by speaking in tongues and miraculous sign gifts at the expense of biblical authority and sound biblical interpretation.
	www.biblicalministries.org /about/beliefs-movements.html (240 words)

	The Age of Intelligent Machines, Chapter Two: Philosophical Roots
		The AI movement, which can be said to have its roots in logical positivism, has often clashed with the phenomenology of the existentialists, as most recently exemplified by the ongoing debate of AI practitioners such as Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert, and Ed Feigenbaum with leading AI critic and phenomenologist Hubert Dreyfus.
		By applying the logical method to the study of passion, he concludes that love and its expression in the apparently mad behavior of the lover is rooted both in the material world and in the attempt of the soul to achieve union with the ideal Form of transcendent emotion.
		At a philosophical level, Logical Positivism argues that every statement, and by implication all knowledge, is either based on sense data ("a posteriori" or "synthetic"), or is based on logic ("a priori" or "analytic").
	www.kurzweilai.net /articles/art0323.html?m=11 (6705 words)

	Philosophical movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A philosophical movement is either the appearance or increased popularity of a specific school of philosophy, or a fairly broad but identifiable sea-change in philosophical thought on a particular subject.
		Major philosophical movements are often characterized with reference to the nation, language, or historical era in which they arose.
		Talk of a philosophical movement can often function as a shorthand for talk of the views of a great number of different philosophers (and others associated with philosophy, such as historians, artists, scientists and political figures).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philosophical_movement (488 words)

	Philosophical Counseling (Greater Boston)
		The phrase "therapy for the sane" should be interpreted more for effect: the goal of philosophical counseling is to assist clients to obtain mental clarity and personal empowerment, sometimes employing the context and the backdrop of broader philosophical perspectives.
		That those like myself who have been influenced by these philosophical movements reject absolute definitions and moral rules existing outside of contextual reality does not mean that we reject truth or morality.
		Philosophical counseling is well-suited for individuals who find questions themselves an integral part of the solution.
	www.integralhypnosis.com /philosophical_counseling.htm (649 words)

	Steeped in Thought, part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Participants in the movement that has come to be known as "applied philosophy" tend to describe themselves as escapees from the confines of the ivory tower.
		The American Philosophical Practitioners Association explains that "a philosopher's café is not a philosophy lecture; the philosopher presides only as a moderator, to maintain the conversation on a philosophical footing.
		In 1996, completely unaware of the café-philo movement in Paris, London-based philosopher Anja Steinbauer started talking to her friends about starting an organization whose objective it would be to bring together professional and nonprofessional philosophers to discuss philosophical questions in a nontechnical way.
	www.csun.edu /~cev2000/cafe1.htm (1174 words)

	Background of the Philosophical Midwifery Movement
		Pierre Grimes is the founder of the Philosophical Midiwifery movement, which is an adaptation of Socratic midwifery, and is a mode of philosophical counseling.
		Currently, Pierre is a Professor of Philosophy at Golden West College in Huntington Beach, CA and as a consequence of his reflections with students he identified a set of social beliefs, fictions that are irreconcilable with the attainment of the kind of excellence that is associated with the development of understanding.
		In 1995-96, he gave a series of lectures at the Philosophical Research Society of Los Angeles on NeoPlatonic thought and as a result 29 of his lectures were videotaped and made available to the public.
	www.philosophicalmidwifery.com /bground.htm (820 words)

	Levad worldwide organization - politics & philosophy. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Movement I decided to establish a few years ago.
		Movement that is my mission and destination on earth.
		The purpose of this page is to give you the opportunity to be the first to know when the site will be active, and what is it all about, and also during these years, to provide me the option to contact you, and as many people as possible when the moment of truth arrives.
	www.levad.com (92 words)

	Healing Idealism of P. P. Quimby, W. F. Evans, and the New Thought Movement
		Probably the most consciously philosophical popular movement in the life of the American nation throughout the past century is what William James called the American people's "only decidedly original contribution to the systematic philosophy of life" (James 1902, 88-89).
		He characterized the movement as "a deliberately optimistic scheme of life, with both a speculative and a practical side" (James 1902, 87), and the basic purpose of "the systematic cultivation of healthy-mindedness" (James 1902, 85).
		Particularly on its practical side it has been considered appropriately as a religion, but it is a religion rooted more in philosophical attitude and exploration than in revelation (at least if one omits Christian Science, and it largely will be omitted here, both because of its claims of revelation and because of space limitations).
	websyte.com /alan/healism.htm (2029 words)

	Transcendentalism, Transcendence
		New England Transcendentalism was a religious, literary, and philosophical movement that flourished especially between 1836, when Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay Nature was published, and 1844, when the semiofficial journal of the movement, the Dial, ceased publication.
		Though a movement such as transcendentalism cannot be said to have had one distinct leader, Emerson (1803 - 82) was clearly its central figure.
		In the years immediately preceding the Civil War, several of the transcendentalists were important participants in the abolitionist movement, and in the decades to follow, widely divergent individuals and movements would find inspiration in the transcendental protest against society.
	mb-soft.com /believe/text/transcen.htm (940 words)

	Home
		As such, we encourage philosophers and psychologists alike to attend and contribute to the conference proceedings.
		The role of philosophers on institutional ethics committees.
		In the tradition of this remarkable philosopher, Elliot D. Cohen, one of the principle founders of "philosophical counseling" in the United States, shows you how to use your own native powers of reason to successfully address these and many other life problems.
	aspcp.org (1386 words)

	Page Title
		Pragmatism is a contemporary philosophical movement that has its roots in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
		Although it is a diverse movement, it is often characterized by certain distinctive theses in epistemology.
		Pragmatist philosophers have also adopted related positions in ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, philosophy of law, philosophy of education, and other areas.
	wwwlb.aub.edu.lb /~mk09/Publish (138 words)

	Contemporary Philosophy: Course Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Philosophical movements mark a commitment to a somewhat different approach to philosophical problems that adherents view as significant progress over what was being done before.
		Movements tend to start and develop with a heady optimism regarding what they can accomplish; and they may depart somewhat from the perennial tasks of philosophy.
		When movements lose momentum, there usually is a return to the perennial problems of philosophy—although these problems may well now be enriched through the movement’s efforts.
	krypton.mnsu.edu /~yezzi/overview2.htm (866 words)

	Animals & Society Institute
		The movement’s philosophical and intellectual foundations were further developed and recognized with the publication of The Case for Animal Rights by Tom Regan in 1983.
		The movement’s strategic focus has been on the power of the individual to effect positive changes for animals.
		While the importance of individual change should not be underestimated, the animal advocacy movement must also effect fundamental changes in the policies of the societal institutions that perpetuate animal exploitation.
	www.animalsandsociety.org /introduction.htm (271 words)

	DANCE Movement Awareness
		Movement Awareness focuses on approaches to authentic movement which engage both the intellect and the body, and most importantly, the dialogue between the two In this class students are encouraged to experience movement rather than simply replicate movement patterns created by the instructor.
		The Movement Awareness class will incorporate a variety of somatic modalities and philosophical perspectives to increase the student’s awareness of personal movement characteristics and potential.
		By the end of the course the student will be expected to be conversant in the different philosophical movement principles and perspectives presented in class.
	home.gwu.edu /~buckley/Awarenessf2000.html (420 words)

	The Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly - August 2005
		It is thus a part of the recent history of early analytic philosophy movement that emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s and is a major force on the philosophical scene today.
		Thus, analytic philosophers, who usually claim that their own method is apriori, will often also claim that what they are doing in analysis is simply what the ancient Greeks and all good philosophers since have done, namely, analyzing concepts with an apriori method.
		Perhaps because analytic philosophers have frequently asserted that in doing analysis, analytic philosophers are just doing what all great philosophers of the past have done in analysis, and they further assume that the results of their own analyses are analytic apriori, so that the results of all philosophical analyses must be analytic apriori.
	www.lehman.cuny.edu /deanhum/philosophy/BRSQ/05aug.ongley.htm (5791 words)

	CHAPTER V
		THE HLAS MOVEMENT AND T.G. The Hlas movement was a group of young, nation-conscious members of the intelligentsia, formed under the influence of the European liberal and democratic movements that were spreading at the turn of the century, particularly under the influence of T.G. Masaryk's ideas and political attitudes.
		Although the Hlas movement cannot be called a philosophical movement in the narrow sense of the word and none of its protagonists were philosophers by profession, it can be stated explicitly that the philosophical basis of the Hlas concept, nevertheless, had an intrinsic link with a wide philosophical movement.
		This movement in Western Europe found its orientation in the revival of philosophy by means of science and in its new, realistic orientation.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-5/chapter_v.htm (4859 words)

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