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	Phlogiston theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phlogiston theory is an obsolete scientific theory of combustion.
		Still, phlogiston remained the dominant theory until Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier showed that combustion requires oxygen, solving the weight paradox and setting the stage for the new caloric theory of combustion.
		The phlogiston theory states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston that is liberated in burning, leaving the "dephlogisticated" substance in its "true" calx form.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phlogiston (590 words)

	Phlogiston theory
		The phlogiston theory is a now discredited 17th century hypothesis regarding combustion.
		It states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston (derived noun form of the Greek for "to burn"), a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is liberated in burning.
		"Phlogisticated" substances are those that contain phlogiston and are "dephlogisticated" when burned; for this reason, the residue of air left after burning (actually nitrogen), was sometimes referred to as "dephlogisticated air".
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ph/Phlogiston.html (246 words)

	Group 30:31
		Phlogiston was considered to be a substance that existed in different proportions in other substances, a kind of fixed fire showing up and disappearing when a substance burned.
		Phlogiston was thought to be the element of fire in its pure dormant form (note that
		Coal was believed to contain a large quantity of phlogiston because of the great amount of heat it produced while burning.
	www.symbols.com /old/encyclopedia/30/3031.html (168 words)

	Remarkable phlogiston by Daphne Cohen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Phlogiston now became the main focus as it caused combustion –; considered the most important of all chemical reactions.
		The phlogiston theory was developed by JJ Becher (1635-1682), a German chemist, as a way of explaining what happened to chemicals during combustion.
		The demise of the phlogiston theory heralded an era of true scientific thought, where hypotheses and speculations were judged solely on their ability to satisfactorily and consistently explain the observable facts, without recourse to blind faith.
	ifs.massey.ac.nz /chemistory/2005/daphne.shtml (955 words)

	Phlogiston theory - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The phlogiston theory is a now-disproved 17th century hypothesis regarding combustion.
		The theory states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston (derived noun form of the Greek phlogistos, meaning "flammable"), a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is liberated in burning.
		Still, phlogiston remained the dominant theory until Antoine Laurent Lavoisier showed that combustion requires oxygen, solving the weight paradox and setting the stage for a new theory of what happens when objects burn.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Phlogiston_theory (411 words)

	Contexts -- Science -- Chemistry -- Phlogiston Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Phlogiston was not only widespread but deep-seated, and gave way to the atomic theory only slowly.
		Phlogiston theorists identified three essences which comprise all matter: sulfur or terra pinguis, the essence of inflammability; mercury or terra mercurialis, the essence of fluidity; and salt or terra lapida, the essence of fixity and inertness.
		In this respect phlogiston theory is similar to the ancient alchemical notions of earth, air, fire, and water.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/Contexts/phlog.html (324 words)

	Phlogiston theory - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The theory states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston (derived noun form of the Greek phlogistos, meaning "inflammable"), a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is liberated in burning.
		The theory is somewhat similar to the notion of alchemy, that fire is one of the four elements (water, air and earth being the other three) which are locked into a substance.
		Likewise, when oxygen was first discovered it was thought to be "dephlogisticated air", capable of combining with more phlogiston and thus supporting combustion.
	www.world-knowledge-encyclopedia.com /default.asp?t=Phlogiston_theory (270 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Phlogiston
		The theory of phlogiston arose in the late 17th Century when it was proposed by Johann Becher (who referred to it as 'inflammable earth').
		It was, therefore, deemed that wood was composed of pure wood (ash) and phlogiston.
		Gases that dissolved in water were a prime example of this kind of impurity, materials that did not meet the criteria of either pure base or phlogiston.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A471278 (568 words)

	Demise of Phlogiston
		Coining the term phlogiston from the Greek word phlogistos (burning), Stahl believed living matter contained a soul that differed in composition from nonliving matter (vitalism theory).
		Phlogiston died on September 5 1775, the day Lavoisier presented a paper to the French Academy of Science.
		These different phenomena of the calcination of metals and of combustion are explained in a very nice manner by the hypothesis of Stahl, but it is necessary to suppose with Stahl that the material of fire, of phlogiston, is fixed in metals, in sulfur, and in all bodies which are regarded as combustible.
	web.fccj.org /~ethall/phlogist/phlogist.htm (1021 words)

	phlogiston - definition by dict.die.net
		phlogiston n : a hypothetical substance once believed to be present in all combustible materials and to be released during burning
		Note: This was supposed to be united with combustible (phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston.
		The essential principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be.
	dict.die.net /phlogiston (104 words)

	The Twisted Mind Emporium: Weird Science: Phlogiston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Having its origins in the 17th century, phlogiston was the word adopted in the 18th century to label what it is - or rather was.
		Phlogiston is a substance, one supposedly given off during the combustion process - combustion is the oxidizing of other substances.
		Bottom line is the transition from the phlogiston theory to the oxygen theory revolutionized the chemistry science and really spawned the beginnings of modern chemistry as we enjoy it today.
	pauldarcy.blogspot.com /2005/08/weird-science-phlogiston.html (548 words)

	SHiPS Resource Center \|\| Phlogiston After Oxygen
		Indeed, late advocates of phlogiston were generally interested in the heat and light of combustion, ignition or reactivity, and other aspects of matter and chemical reactions related to what we would call energy.
		Cavendish and Kirwan, for example, equated phlogiston with inflammable air (or hydrogen) and Priestley saw phlogiston as a component determining the "purity" of the air.
		Yet the notion of phlogiston did not emerge historically from addressing the role of gases in combustion, nor was it essentially linked to such considerations.
	www1.umn.edu /ships/updates/after-o2.htm (1629 words)

	Joseph Priestley on Phlogiston
		According to the doctrine of phlogiston, advanced by Becher and Stahl in the beginning of this century, and much simplified and improved since their time, metals, phosphorus, sulphur, and many other substances which are supposed to contain it, are compounds, consisting of this principle, and another which may be called its base.
		That mercury may have the same external appearance, and all its essential properties, and yet contain different proportions of something that enters into it, is evident from the phenomena of its solution in the nitrous acid, and the revival of its calx in inflammable air.
		According to the old theory, there is a loss of some part of its phlogiston in the solution of mercury in the nitrous acid, since nitrous air is procured in the process.
	web.lemoyne.edu /~giunta/phlogiston.html (4098 words)

	Phlogiston » Blog Archive » Why is this blog called “Phlogiston”?
		During the 17th century and the first part of the 18th century, before Lavoisier’s discovery of oxygen and the beginning of modern chemistry, phlogiston was part of a hypothesis concerning combustion.
		Phlogiston and its accompanying theory were a curious mix of the ancient and the modern: one foot was firmly planted in Aristotelian science, with its elements of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water, and in alchemy; however, it was also part of the new empirical, experimental method that eventually became chemistry.
		Phlogiston theorists, through experimentation, discovered that the corrosion of metals (rusting) and respiration in animals (breathing) were also forms of combustion, and phlogiston was part of a theory to explain these phenomenon.
	www.dzr-web.com /people/darren/blog/2005/02/04/why-is-this-blog-called-phlogiston (490 words)

	Phlogiston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Phlogiston theory, one of the first theories that attempted to explain a property of matter, was proposed in the late 17th century to explain fire.
		The gray powder was the magnesium without its phlogiston, so it was the "dephlogisticated" form of the metal, which was called "calx".
		The phlogiston hypothesis withstood experiment for over 100 years, but this experiment, which was performed by a scientist named Antoine Lavoisier, destroyed the theory.
	www.pearsoncustom.com /wertz/a_cd/cams/html/c01_early/s01_scmet_02.html (293 words)

	Philip Larson \| Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
		Charcoal was believed to be rich in phlogiston and so, when charcoal was burned with this powdery calx, phlogiston supposedly passed from the charcoal to the calx restoring the metal.
		Rather than except this theory that phlogiston could have positive weight, negative weight, and sometimes no weight at all, Lavoisier suspected and later proved that the weight increase was a result of the metal combining with air.
		Since the Priestley's explanation, which delineates the phlogiston theory, was that residual air was phlogisticated and the water removes the phlogiston, Lavoisier was being forced back into a view of combustion which he had tried to depart from three years earlier.
	www.philiplarson.com /e1.shtml (4328 words)

	wujier's Xanga Site
		When combustion occurs, the phlogiston is released from the combusting object and is absorbed by the air.
		For example, when a piece of wood is burned, phlogiston is released to the air and the wood is converted to ash.
		Similarly, if a metal is heated, the phlogiston is lost to the air and the metal is converted into a nonmetallic, powdery substance called ash, or calx.
	www.xanga.com /wujier (1014 words)

	Phlogiston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		"Phlogisticated" substances are those that contain phlogiston and are"dephlogisticated" when burned; for this reason, the residue of air left after burning (actually a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide), wassometimes referred to as "dephlogisticated air".
		Quantitative measurements revealed problems with the phlogiston theory: when a metal burned, it was supposed to losephlogiston.
		It was the work of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier,who revealed that combustion requires oxygen ; this solved the weight problem, as the metal gained oxygen as it burned and so naturally gained mass.
	www.therfcc.org /phlogiston-13291.html (288 words)

	Phlogiston theory
		The theory states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston (derived noun form of the Greek for "to burn"), a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is liberated in burning.
		However, the metal ash of some metals, magnesium, for example, could be shown to weigh more than the metal did before it had lost phlogiston: this implied that the removed phlogiston must have weighed not zero, but less than zero.
		It was the work of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier which revealed that combustion requires oxygen; this solved the weight problem, as the metal gained oxygen as it burned and so naturally gained mass.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/ph/phlogiston_theory.html (398 words)

	Antoine Laurent Lavoisier - The Father of Modern Chemistry
		Earth was poor in Phlogiston and metals were rich in Phlogiston.
		The phlogiston would supposedly pass from the charcoal to the calx restoring the metal.
		In 1977 Lavoisier proved that the Phlogiston theory was incorrect in his paper entitled Memoir on Combustion in General.
	www.geocities.com /azaman62288/phlogiston.html (214 words)

	timelinescience - the phlogiston theory - resources
		Stahl developed this idea, which became known as the Phlogiston Theory and which was recognised as the explanation for burning for around 100 years.
		At this stage no-one was carrying out work in chemistry which involved accurate measurements, so phlogiston was the theory of the day.
		In its day the phlogiston theory was used to explain lots of observations about combustion.
	www.timelinescience.org /resource/students/phlog/phlog_th.htm (369 words)

	phlogiston theory - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		and extended and popularized by G. Stahl, postulates that in all flammable materials there is present phlogiston, a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is given off in burning.
		"Phlogisticated" substances are those that contain phlogiston and, on being burned, are "dephlogisticated." The ash of the burned material is held to be the true material.
		The theory received strong and wide support throughout a large part of the 18th cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-phlogist.html (251 words)

	timelinescience - phlogiston vs oxygen - teacher's notes
		The Phlogiston Theory provides a brief guide to the development of the phlogiston theory, what it was and how it explained observable facts at the time.
		They refer to the phlogiston theory and comment on the differences between this theory and the modern understanding of what happens when magnesium reacts with air.
		Students write a letter EITHER from Priestley to Lavoisier trying to convince him of the importance of phlogiston theory OR from Lavoisier to Priestley trying to convince him of the new theory of combustion.
	www.timelinescience.org /resource/teachers/phlog.htm (458 words)

	Phlogiston Article, Phlogiston Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The theory states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston (derivednoun form of the Greek for "to burn"), a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is liberated in burning.
		It is atheory somewhat similar to the notion of alchemy, that fire is one of the fourelements (water, air and earth being the other three), which is locked into a substance.
		"Phlogisticated" substances are those that contain phlogiston and are "dephlogisticated" when burned; for this reason, theresidue of air left after burning (actually a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide), was sometimes referred to as "dephlogisticated air".
	www.anoca.org /theory/metal/phlogiston.html (396 words)

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