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	The History of Etruria
		The news was that Greek colonists, Phocaeans from lonia, had landed from their warships at the mouth of the Rhone in southern Gaul and established a base, Massalia, modern Marseilles.
		The Phocaeans, however, dreading the thought of slavery, were very angry at the proposal, and promised to answer on the following day, when they had time to consider the matter, stipulating at the same time that Harpagus should withdraw his forces during their deliberations.
		The Phocaeans then tried to buy a group of islands on which to settle, but the Chians refused to sell because they were afraid of trading competition with their own island.
	centime.tripod.com /Etruscans/history3.html (1724 words)

	Phocaea - Wikipedia
		According to Herodotus the Phocaeans were the first Greeks to make long sea-voyages, having discovered the coasts of the Adriatic, Tyrrhenia and Spain.
		Indicative of its naval prowess, Dionysis, a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive Battle of Lade, in 494 BC.
		The British Museum has a Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal ("phoca" means "seal" in Greek) dating from 600–550 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phocaea (722 words)

	Conference Abstracts
		Phocaeans created an important network of establishments and colonies across Western Mediterranean from the beginnings of the sixth century BC.
		However, and already from that very moment, Phocaeans present themselves as the representative of a culture which had new and important resources to transmit to the natives.
		This analysis, undoubtedly, will reveal very surprising cases; thus, for instance, the fact that many Phocaean settlements shared their space with native villages during the first generations of settlement or the fact that many Greek pottery workshops produced pottery of native typology destined to native markets.
	www.ncl.ac.uk /shefton-museum/news/abstracts.html (2063 words)

	Bits and Pieces (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Phocaeans were the first of the Greeks to make long voyages, and it was they who opened up the region of the Adriatic, Etruria, and Spain and Tartessus; they voyaged not in rounded merchantmen but in warships (pentekonters).
		At the Phocaean colony of Emporion (significant name) in northern Spain, founded about the same time as Massalia, natives and Greeks lived in the same settlement.
		Phocaean trading enterprise lasted until they fled from the Persians in 545 to their Corsican colony of Alalia.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/bits_and_pieces.htm (443 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 168 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The rest of the Phocaeans, who kept their oath, proceeded without stopping upon their voyage, and when they came to Cyrnus established themselves along with the earlier settlers at Alalia and built temples in the place.
		The Phocaeans, on their part, manned all their vessels, sixty in number, and met their enemy on the Sardinian sea.
		The Phocaeans therefore sailed back again to Alalia, and taking their wives and children on board, with such portionof their goods and chattels as the vessels could bear, bade adieu to Cyrnus and sailed to Rhegium.
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_168.htm (202 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 351 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Phocaeans demanded a day to deliberate; and Harpagus, perceiving their design, drew off his army.
		Meanwhile, the Phocaeans took to their ships in a body, with all their movable property, and left the city, which Harpagus garrisoned.
		Before, however, the Phocaeans quitted the Aegean, on their voyage to Corsica, they returned to their city, and massacred the Persian garrison.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/1459.html (793 words)

	Phocaea - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Herodotus tells the story that they so impressed, Arganthonius, king of Tartessus in Spain, that he invited them to settle there, and, when they declined, gave them a great sum of money to build a wall around their city.
		Indicative of it's naval prowess, Dionysis, a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive Battle of Lade, in 494 BC (Herodotus, The Histories, 6.11-12 [7] (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+6.11.1)).
		The British Museum has a Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal ("phoca" means "seal" in Greek) [9] (http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/worldofmoney/world_wom.html) dating from 600-550 BC.
	www.free-definition.com /Phocaea.html (682 words)

	AthensNews onLine SEARCH
		The Phocaeans from Asia Minor who colonised Marseilles around 600BC, were the typically adventurous mariners who braved the crossing of almost the entire Mediterranean for a place in the western sun, when their own coast was becoming overcrowded.
		The opposition to the Greek colonisation of the West by the Phoenician Carthage, already established for a couple of centuries on the Tunisian coast, may be taken for granted.
		It is not unlikely that Marseilles was already occupied by Carthaginians when the Phocaean Greeks arrived.
	www.athensnews.gr /athweb/nathens.print_unique?e=C&f=12929&m=A42&aa=1&eidos=S (880 words)

	The Temple of Athena at Phocaea - Main
		According to Herodotus the Phocaeans were the first of all the Greeks to undertake distant voyages, and made known the coasts of the Adriatic, Tyrrhenia and Spain.
		But Phocaea's major colonies were in the W Mediterranean, especially Elea (Velia) on the W coast of Lucania in S Italy, Alalia in Corsica, Massalia (Marseilles) in France, and Emporion (Ampurias) in Spain.
		The extension of this standard seems to coincide with the period during which the Phocaeans are said to have been supreme upon the sea, 602-560 BCE (Num.
	www.goddess-athena.org /Museum/Temples/Phocaea/Phocaea_m.htm (2539 words)

	History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		Now the Phocaeans were the first of the Greeks who performed long voyages, and it was they who made the Greeks acquainted with the Adriatic and with Tyrrhenia, with Iberia, and the city of Tartessus.
		Arrived at Chios, the Phocaeans made offers for the purchase of the islands called the Oenussae, but the Chians refused to part with them, fearing lest the Phocaeans should establish a factory there, and exclude their merchants from the commerce of those seas.
		In the engagement which followed the Phocaeans were victorious, but their success was only a sort of Cadmeian victory.' They lost forty ships in the battle, and the twenty which remained came out of the engagement with beaks so bent and blunted as to be no longer serviceable.
	www.4literature.net /Herodotus/History_of_Herodotus/23.html (923 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Phocaea
		From this an approximate date of settlement for Phocaea can be inferred (see: [2]).
		Indicative of its naval prowess, Dionysis, a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive Battle of Lade, in 494 BC (Herodotus, The Histories, 6.11-12 [7]).
		The British Museum has a Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal ("phoca" means "seal" in Greek) [9] dating from 600-550 BC.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Phocaea (795 words)

	Geographical Regions
		The Phocaeans, who were also sailors, established trade colonies in various parts of the Mediterrane- an.
		As a matter of fact, famous cities on the French Riviera such as Marseilles, Nice, and Cannes were founded by the Phocaeans.
		The song "Marseille" was an old Phocaean folk song taken to France by the Phocaeans, which later became the national anthem of the French (La Marseillaise).
	www.byegm.gov.tr /YAYINLARIMIZ/kitaplar/isteturkiye/english/geograph47.htm (311 words)

	Phocaea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Herodotus says that the Phocaeans were the first of all the Greeks to undertake distant voyages.
		Their maritime knowledge helped to establish them as one of the leading colonizing poleis: they established flourishing colonies along the coasts of the Adriatic and Tyrrhanian seas and on Corsica (Alalia) as well as the Iberian coast.
		After the Persian War the Phocaeans became members of the Delian League which was no more than an Athenian alliance system.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/phocaea.htm (1141 words)

	HEINRICH WILHELM MATTHIAS OLBERS - LoveToKnow Article on HEINRICH WILHELM MATTHIAS OLBERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The name indicates that it was of Greek origin, and tradition attributes its foundation to the Boeotians and Thespians under lolaus (see SARDINIA).
		Pais considers that it was founded by the Phocaeans of Massilia before the 4th century B.C. (in Tam-poni,o/>.
		It is situated on low ground, at the extremity of a deep recess, now called the Golfo di Terranova.
	11.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OL/OLBERS_HEINRICH_WILHELM_MATTHIAS.htm (1371 words)

	Marseille Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is a dynamic city, as cosmopolitan now as when ancient Phocaeans first founded it as an international shipping port 2,600 years ago.
		The attractions of the city are largely concentrated around the port, including the opera house, museums, galleries, theatres, monuments (such as Pharos Palace, various forts, St Victors Abbey) as well as the Panier district where the ancient Phocaeans first settled.
		Beside the Htel-Dieu, which dates back to the 18th Century, and the Accoules bell tower constructed between the 17th and 19th Centuries, is a stairway typical of old Marseilles that leads directly into the Panier district.
	www.europeandhotels.com /Marseille/overview.html (623 words)

	Cadiz
		Phocaeans established Massila to the north on the Mediterranean coast of Gaul (France), but the Carthagenians prevented passage at the Strait of Gibralter.
		The route from Tyre to Utica in North Africa, then Carthage, then Iviza on the Balearic Isles, and finally Cadiz, was patrolled and strengthened.
		The Carthaginians and Phocaeans both spread into Iberia along the Mediterrnaean coast, bring the race for colonies to a head at the battle of Alalia in 535
	www.ancientroute.com /cities/Cadiz.htm (2233 words)

	Powerful men
		Gyptis, the daughter of the king of Ségobriges, chose her spouse during a feast.
		These are the same families who controlled the organization of exchanges with the Phocaeans from the start.
		The evidence of lead leaves from the western Languedoc region during the 4th and 5th centuries BC leaves no doubt as to the implication of locals in the regional maritime commerce.
	www.jp.culture.fr /culture/arcnat/entremont/en/pouvoir_hom.htm (386 words)

	The most beautiful sites of the French Riviera and Provence : the hills : Saint Paul de Vence, Vence, La Gaude, Saint ...
		Later on, with the arrival of the Celts, the inhabitants came to be known as the Celto-Ligurians.
		Trade also spread into Provence and the Languedoc region and the inhabitants there adopted the customs of the Phocaeans: cultivating olive trees, vines, pottery, sculpture...
		Around 100 years B.C. the various trading posts were attacked by neighbouring tribes until Rome came to defend and then annexe them.
	www.businessriviera.com /Local_Area_Maps/Histoire/Presentation.asp (1214 words)

	03-21kin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It followed an interpretation by a wise man from southern Italy of an oracle that the Phocaeans had received from Delphi.
		And wise men, who came to be known as Pythagoreans, were called that because 'their wisdom verged on the divine; because they were able to see beyond the surface and behind appearances; because they were able to interpret oracles and dreams and the riddles of existence' (p.
		It is no accident then that Parmenides' own love of wisdom was born out of such traditions, traditions that were carried on in Velia and practised, as archaeological evidence suggests, by 'healers' (iatromanteis), dedicated to the Ionian god Apollo Oulios ('healer and destroyer').
	www.classics.und.ac.za /reviews/0321kin.htm (762 words)

	history Magna Graecia
		The balance between the powers was disturbed by the foundation of Alalia (Phocaean c.
		Since also the expansion of Carthago on Sardinia (since 8th century) was threatened (Olbia on the NE coast of the island points to the presence of Phocaeans), Etruscans and Carthagenians forced the Phocaeans to abandon Alalia, after the naval battle of Alalia (c.
		The Phocaeans took refuge first in Rhegium, but later founded a new colony at Elea (Hyele in Herodotus, Latin Velia, 535-530 BC), probably with approve of Poseidonia (Paestum).
	www.bio.vu.nl /home/vwielink/WWW_MGC/General/history.html (472 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		While the Persians were thus making preparations against Miletus and Ionia, the Ionians, informed of their intent, sent their deputies to the Panionium, and held a council upon the posture of their affairs.
		The Erythraeans and Phocaeans followed, the former with eight, the latter with three ships; beyond the Phocaeans were the Lesbians, furnishing seventy; last of all came the Samians, forming the western wing, and furnishing sixty vessels.
		Dionysius, the Phocaean, when he perceived that all was lost, having first captured three ships from the enemy, himself took to flight.
	classics.mit.edu /Herodotus/history.6.vi.html (10080 words)

	CORSICA History and Chronology
		A sky, where the deceptive calm during moments of peace are suddenly shattered by foreign lust for wealth and power.
		These invasions are accompanied by alliances which are just as quickly compromised by the constant arrival of newcomers.
		This city was founded by the Phocaean in about 565 B.C. It was the first commercial syndicate created in Corsica.
	www.corsica.net /corsica/uk/discov/hist (1847 words)

	Bambooweb: Phocaea
		Indicative of it's naval prowess, Dionysis, a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive Battle of Lade, in 494 BC (Herodotus, The Histories, 6.11-12).
		However, indicative of its declining fortunes, Phocaea was only able to contribute three ships (out of a total of "three hundred and fifty three"; Herodotus, The Histories, 6.8.1-2).
		The British Museum has a Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal ("phoca" means "seal" in Greek) dating from 600-550 BC.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/h/Phocaea.html (521 words)

	Massalia - Marseille que j'aime
		Then, it competed with Carthago which was dominating the maritime trade of the Western Mediterranean sea.
		However, whereas Phocaeans had been accepted by the local tribe, Segobriges, Massalia was soon in conflict with the people of the back-country, Salyens (see the site: Marseille grecque).
		Also it was allied with Rome, and the victory which Rome won over Carthago (at the end of the Punic Wars) enabled it to increase its power considerably.
	www.massalia.net /eng_avant-propos2.html (319 words)

	Archaeologic and Historic Background of the Etruscan Culture
		When Greeks from Phocaea settled on the island of Corsica, the allies were undoubtedly alarmed.
		Around 535 BCE they fought a fierce naval battle with the Phocaeans, who won a narrow victory.
		The Phocaeans lost so many ships, however, that they were forced to abandon the colony.
	users.tpg.com.au /etr/etrusk/tex/archHist.html (1271 words)

	Archaeological World in Roman & Greek period
		In the following five years the newcomers performed acts of piracy, arousing the ire of the Etruscans and the Carthaginians, allied to defend their interests on the Tyrrhenian.
		The Phocaeans were badly defeated in a naval encounter, and the survivors, with 20 ships, succeeded in reaching Reggio, where a native of Poseidonia indicated the site where a city could be founded.
		The new colony, named after a spring nearby, was called Hyele and then Elea, which turned into Velia in Roman times.
	www.archaeology-classic.com /Italy/Velia.html (850 words)

	Hotel Segesta, Hotels Segesta, Welcome, Segesta, Hospitality Segesta, Lodge Segesta, Lodges Segesta, Lodging Segesta, ...
		Unfortunately very little is known of this population of Elymians.
		According to Thucydides they were a combination of the Trojans and Phocaeans who mixed with the Sicans of W Sicily.
		The city stood on a vast plateau between the two peaks of Monte Barbaro in a naturally well defended position.
	www.emmeti.it /Welcome/Sicilia/ProvTrapani/Segesta/index.uk.html (107 words)

	Did you know: Some Bouillabaisse History
		Greek food writers have laid claim to inventing the precursor of bouillabaisse.
		They argue that when the Phocaeans, Greeks from Asia Minor, founded Marseilles in about 600 B.C. they brought with them a fish soup known as kakavia that was the basis to the future bouillabaisse.
		This can be said to be true only in the most general (and meaningless) sense.
	www.cliffordawright.com /history/bouillabaisse.html (557 words)

	Cultural Dimensions: Marseilles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Marseilles was originally founded by a colony of Phocaeans around 600BCE (Birnbaum and Birnbaum 563).
		Smollet's account gives a good description; "the Phocians settled in Gaul, and built Marseilles, during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus at Rome.
		If you are a disciple of Dumas, and must take the boat trip out to the island of the Chateau D'If, then make sure to arrive at the dock early to be assured that you don't miss the last boat going to the island.
	www.berea.edu /faculty/pearcej/Zolondek/Marseilles.html (752 words)

	Cannes -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Probably settled by Ligurians, it was occupied successively by Phocaeans, Celts, and Romans.
		In the 10th century the monks of Lérins built fortifications to guard against Muslim sea raiders.
		Named for the canes of its once-reedy shore, it was probably settled by Ligurian tribesmen and occupied successively by Phocaeans, Celts (or Gauls), and Romans.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9359671 (700 words)

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