
	Where results make sense

Topic: Phocians

Related Topics

Boeotians

Amphictyonic League

Milliways

Greece

Vucitrn

Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania

Julius Caesar

DrumMania

Preybird

Philetas of Cos

Lamarckian

Smoke bomb

A C Benson

Brindisi

In the News (Sat 19 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Phocis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Persian invasion of 480 BC the Phocians at first joined in the national defence, but by their irresolute conduct at the Battle of Thermopylae lost that position for the Greeks; at the Battle of Plataea they were enrolled on the Persian side.
		The Phocian levy took part in the inroads of Epaminondas into Peloponnesus, except in the final campaign of Mantinea ( 370 â“ 362), from which their contingent was withheld.
		With the help of these troops the Phocian League at first carried the war into Boeotia and Thessaly, and though driven out of the latter country by Philip of Macedon, maintained itself for ten years, until the exhaustion of the temple treasures and the treachery of its leaders placed it at Philip's mercy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fokis (818 words)

	PHOCIS - LoveToKnow Article on PHOCIS
		It is probable that the country was originally of greater extent, for there was a tradition that the Phocians once owned a strip of land round Daphnus on the sea opposite Euboea, and carried their frontier to Thermopylae; in addition, in early days they controlled the great sanctuary of Delphi.
		During the Persian invasion of 480 the Phocians at first joined in the national defence, but by their irresolute conduct at Thermopylae lost that position for the Greeks; in the campaign of Plataea they were enrolled on the Persian side.
		The Phocian levy took part in Epaminondas inroads into Peloponnesus, except in the final campaign of Mantinea (370-62), from which their contingent was withheld.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHOCIS.htm (813 words)

	Amphictyonic League - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Original founders were Aenianes or Oetoeans, Boeotians (of Thebes), Dolopes, Dorians (of Sparta), Ionians (of Athens), Locrians, Magnetians, Malians, Perrhoebians, Phocians, Pythians (of Delphi) and Thessalians.
		After a ten-year war Phocians were expelled from the League in 346 BCE and their two votes were given to Macedonians who had helped to defeat them.
		279 BCE Phocians were readmitted after they defended Delphi against Gaul attack and Aetolians, who already dominated the Delphi sanctuary, were admitted as new members.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Amphictyonic_league (410 words)

	Phoceans. Who is Phoceans? What is Phoceans? Where is Phoceans? Definition of Phoceans. Meaning of Phoceans.
		The subsequent decline of Athenian land power had the effect of weakening this new connexion; at the time of the Peloponnesian War Phocis was nominally an ally and dependent of Sparta, and had lost control of Delphi.
		After helping the Spartans to invade Boeotia during the Corinthian War ( 395 - 94), the Phocians were placed on the defensive.
		The conditions which he imposed - the obligation to restore the temple funds, and the dispersion of the population into open villages - were soon disregarded.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Phoceans (540 words)

	Justin: Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus, Book 8
		This proceeding of the Phocians, though all expressed detestation at the sacrilege, brought more odium upon the Thebans, by whom they had been reduced to such necessity, than on the Phocians themselves; and aid was in consequence despatched to them both by the Athenians and Lacedaemonians.
		In the first engagement, Philomelus drove the Thebans from their camp; but in the next he was killed, fighting in front among the thickest of the enemy, and paid the penalty of his sacrilege by the effusion of his impious blood.
		The Phocians, seeing these ensigns of the deity, and frighted with the consciousness of guilt, threw down their arms and fled, receiving punishment for their violation of religion by the bloodshed and slaughter that they suffered.
	www.forumromanum.org /literature/justin/english/trans8.html (1535 words)

	Field of Crocus - 352 BCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In addition to this, defeat of the Phocians -- whose power rested on the mercenaries they had hired as a result of their theft of treasure belonging to the Delphic oracle — was part of Philip’s charm offensive in Greece.
		Phocian power, however, was not based on the citizen hoplite militia common to the southern Greek cities, but on a large block of mercenary hoplites bought with the wages of their blasphemous larceny.
		It is likely, given their inferiority in cavalry, that the Phocians would have refused their wings, drawing back their peltasts on both wings to make it more difficult for the Macedonian and Thessalian cavalry to get behind the hoplite line.
	www.wargamer.com /greatbattles/crocus.asp (1104 words)

	Oration on the Classes by Demosthenes
		The Phocians, Lacedaemonians, and Athenians were engaged on one side; the Boeotians, Thessalians, Locrians, and some other inferior states on the other: each party was harassed and exhausted by the war.
		The Phocians, who were not always influenced by the most religious engagements, might fairly be suspected of making no scruple of accepting effectual assistance from the great king, and at once renouncing their alliance with the Athenians.
		The Phocians, he observes, could not possibly unite with the Persians, on account of the former injuries they had received from them, as well as of their invariable union with Athens.
	www.4literature.net /Demosthenes/Oration_on_the_Classes/5.html (1104 words)

	Wikinfo \| Amphictyonic League
		In 356 BC Phocians captured and sacked Delphi and sacred war was declared against them.
		After a ten-year war Phocians were expelled from the League in 346 BC and their two votes were given to Macedonians who had helped to defeat them.
		279 BC Phocians were readmitted after they defended Delphi against Gaul attack and Aetolians, who already dominated the Delphi sanctuary, were admitted as new members.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Amphictyonic_League (473 words)

	Fokis [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Phocians, led by two capable generals, Philomelus and Onomarchus, replied by seizing Delphi and using its riches to hire a mercenary A mercenary is a soldier who fights, or engages in warfare exclusively for money, without any regard for ideological, national or political considerations.
		In 339 the Phocians began to rebuild their cities; in the following year they fought against Philip at Chaeronea Chaeronea was a city in the province of Boeotia in Ancient Greece.
		The Phocian League is last heard of under Trajan Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus (September 18, 53 - August 9, 117), Roman Emperor (98 - 117), commonly called Trajan, was the second of the so-called "five good emperors" of the Roman Empire.
	www.wikimirror.com /Fokis (2224 words)

	A Smaller History of Greece - Chapter XIX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Phocians pleaded that the payment of the fine would ruin them; but instead of listening to their remonstrances, the Amphictyons doubled the amount, and threatened, in case of their continued refusal to reduce them to the condition of serfs.
		He now directed his march southwards with the view of subduing the Phocians; but upon reaching Thermopylae he found the pass guarded by a strong Athenian force, and was compelled, or considered it more prudent, to retreat.
		The Athenians had supported the Phocians in the Sacred War, and were thus at war with Thebes.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/european/ASmallerHistoryofGreece/chap19.html (3105 words)

	DELPHI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The immediate cause was the heavy tax imposed by the Amphictyonians upon the Phocians as a punishment for having cultivated some fields belonging to the sanctuary.
		The Phocians under Philomelus captured Delphi, fortified it and held it until 346 B.C. During this occupation, the Phocians, hard pressed to meet the expenses of the war, stripped the shrines of Apollo and Athene from their precious offerings including the tripod of Plataea and the shield dedicated to Athene by king Croesus (see p.
		But the intervention of Philip of Macedonia in 346 B.C. resulted in the defeat of the Phocians who were forced to pay a large sum in compensation for the damage they had caused; the Phocians also lost their votes at the Amphictionic Council to Philip.
	campus.queens.edu /faculty/gooder/Greece/delphi1.htm (4119 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 1298 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For it was not many years previous to this invasion of Greece by the king, that the Thessalians, with their allies, entered Phocis in full force, but were defeated by the Phocians in an engagement in which they were very roughly handled.
		The Phocians, who had with them as soothsayer Tellias of Elis, were blocked up in the mountain of Parnassus, when the following stratagem was contrived for them by their Elean ally.
		From the sentries the alarm spread to the army, which was seized with such a panic that the Phocians killed four thousand of them, and became masters of their dead bodies and shields.
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_1298.htm (306 words)

	macedonians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Phocians captured Delphi and used the tremendous treasury to pay for mercenary troops.
		But the Phocians kept control of Delphi (with its huge treasury) and the Macedonians conquered several Greek states.
		The Phocians were punished harshly, and Macedon was allowed to join the rest of the Greek states at the Shrine of Delphi.
	www.medialdea.net /historyguy80538/macedonians.htm (692 words)

	The Diadochi: The invasion of the Gauls
		But these were the Greeks who came to the help of the god: Phocians from all their cities, and 400 regimental infantry from Amphissa, some Aetolians who came as soon as they heard the barbarians were advancing, and then Philomelus brought a 1,200 later.
		Among the many Phocians who died in the battle was Aleximachus, who in that battle by the fine edge of his youth, by the power of his body, and the strength of his spirit contributed more than any other Greek to the massacre of barbarians.
		The first to know what had happened to the barbarians during the night and to bring the news to the Greek army were some Phocians who were out in the fields looking after their flocks.
	www.livius.org /di-dn/diadochi/diadochi_t12.html (1838 words)

	Untitled Document
		Besides these troops, the Locrians of Opus and the Phocians had obeyed the call of their countrymen, and sent, the former all the force they had, the latter a thousand men.
		But Leonidas, who saw with what indignation the Phocians and Locrians heard of this plan, gave his voice for remaining where they were, while they sent envoys to the several cities to ask for help, since they were too few to make a stand against an army like that of the Medes.
		Now the hill was guarded, as I have already said, by a thousand Phocian men-at-arms, who were placed there to defend the pathway, and at the same time to secure their own country.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Herother.html (3749 words)

	A General History For Colleges And High Schools By P.V.N. Myers, A.M- part-3 Chapter 8 from Nalanda Digital Library at ...
		The Amphictyons not being able to punish the Phocians for their impiety, were forced to ask help of Philip, who gladly rendered the assistance sought.
		The Phocians were now quickly subdued, their cities were destroyed, and the inhabitants scattered in villages and forced to pay tribute to the Delphian Apollo.
		The place that the Phocians had held in the Delphian Amphictyony was given to Philip, upon whom was also bestowed the privilege of presiding at the Pythian games.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/genhist/part-3chapter8.html (2856 words)

	DEMOSTHENES - LoveToKnow Article on DEMOSTHENES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sparta, favored by the depression of Thebes in the Phocian War, was threatening Megalopolis.
		In a second invasion of Thessaly, he had overthrown the Phocians under Onomarchus, and had advanced to Thermopylae, to find the gates of Greece closed against him by an Athenian force.
		But if the Halians and the Phocians were included in the peace, Philip could not bear arms against them without violating the peace.
	28.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DE/DEMOSTHENES.htm (8167 words)

	The Wargamer - Field of Crocus - 352 BCE
		The major Macedonian advantage lies in the heavy cavalry, while the Phocians have a larger amount of heavy infantry.
		The Phocian hoplites are capable of doing a lot of damage (especially on the Macedonian left), and this would turn the game into a race against time.
		Philip is up against his tactical match and, since the Phocians are using skilled mercenaries, the level of professionalism on both sides is about the same.
	www.wargamer.com /articles/crocus/crocus-3.asp (366 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The History of Herodotus by Herodotus
		The Phocians alone abstained, and took no part in the invasion; for, though they had espoused the Median cause warmly, it was very much against their will, and only because they were compelled so to do.
		The Phocians did so, and forthwith the entire Persian cavalry drew nigh to them: whereupon there went a rumour through the whole of the Greek force encamped with the Medes, that Mardonius was about to destroy the Phocians with missiles.
		The whole nation of the Phocians had not joined the Medes; on the contrary, there were some who had gathered themselves into bands about Parnassus, and made expeditions from thence, whereby they distressed Mardonius and the Greeks who sided with him, and so did good service to the Grecian cause.
	classics.mit.edu /Herodotus/history.9.ix.html (9762 words)

	Ancient coins of Phocis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The weight-standard of the Phocian money is the Aeginetic, of which Triobols (48 grs.), Trihemiobols (24 grs.), Obols (16 grs.), and Hemiobols (8 grs.), occur.
		B.C. This is the period of the third Sacred War, during which the Phocians, under their successive strategi, Philomelus (357-354), Onymarchus (354352), Phayllus (352-351), and Phalaecus (351-346).
		The head of the goddess on the reverse is almost identical with that on the coins of the Phocian League.
	www.snible.org /coins/hn/phocis.html (1191 words)

	Philip II of Macedonia
		However, the Phocians learned what was about to happen, and in the spring of 356, they helped themselves to the temple treasury of Delphi, and hired an army of mercenary.
		The Phocians and Pheraeans offered battle on the coastal plain (the "Crocus Field"), where they expected Athenian help, but the Macedonian king had already defeated his opponents before the Athenians arrived.
		Perhaps, as is stated in some sources, he had bribed the Phocian generals, but this may be contemporary propaganda, broadcasted to demoralize the Phocians.
	www.livius.org /phi-php/philip/philip_ii2.html (2269 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Besides this slaughter of the Thessalian foot when it was blockading them, the Phocians had dealt a blow to their horse upon its invading their territory, from which they had never recovered.
		There is a pass near the city of Hyampolis, where the Phocians, having dug a broad trench, filled up the void with empty wine-jars, after which they covered the place with mould, so that the ground all looked alike, and then awaited the coming of the Thessalians.
		These, thinking to destroy the Phocians at one sweep, rushed rapidly forward, and became entangled in the wine-jars, which broke the legs of their horses.
	www.ibookpia.com /menu/herodotus/viewer.asp?CodeStr=A2032000 (104 words)

	Greece and Macedon
		In Philip's time the Thessalians were torn by internal feuds and had lost their traditional control of the shrine of Delphi to the Phocians.
		By his action against the Phocians, who were allies of Athens, and still more by seizing places on the Macedonian seaboard which Athens had held or claimed, Philip had incurred the deep hostility of the most powerful maritime city in Greece.
		A peace patched up in 346 was regarded by Demosthenes and his friends, who gradually came to dominate Athenian counsels, as no more than a respite during which they could prepare a war of revenge.
	www.historyofmacedonia.org /AncientMacedonia/GreeceandMacedon.htm (2221 words)

	Ethics of Philip, Demosthenes, and Alexander by Sanderson Beck
		The Thebans retired, and the Phocians debated whether to make peace; but Onomarchus, who faced high fines from the Amphictyonic council, persuaded the Phocians to melt down gold and silver ornaments to make coins to pay another army and even had bronze and iron beat into armor and weapons.
		However, the battle near the port of Pagasae, to which Athens had sent the navy of Chares in aid of the Phocians, was won by the Macedonians.
		Philip moved his army south, and the Phocians, led by Phalaecus and supported by 1,000 Lacedaemonian troops, surrendered the pass at Thermopylae after the Athenian assembly had passed a resolution calling for Phocis to surrender Delphi to the Amphictyons.
	www.san.beck.org /EC22-Alexander.html (14798 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)