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Topic: Phoenecian alphabet

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	Encyclopedia: Phoenician-alphabet
		An alphabet is a complete standardized set of letters â€” basic written symbols â€” each of which roughly represents a phoneme of a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it may have been in the past.
		The Greek alphabet is thought to have developed either directly from the Phoenician alphabet, or to share a common parent in Proto-Canaanite.
		The Latin and the Cyrillic alphabets are derived from the Greek alphabet.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Phoenician_alphabet (2607 words)

	phoenecian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		With the rise of ethnic nationalism in the 19th century and the destructive clashes of ethnicities in former Phoenecian lands during the 20th century, theories of foreign or autochthonous ethnic origins of Phoenicians have erased, promoted or misapplied with sometimes rabid urgency to further modern agendas.
		The so-called Phoenician alphabet, which was developed around 1500 BCE and actually inherited from Ugarit, was very important because it was the first true alphabet consisting of single letters.
		The alphabets of the Middle East and India also derive, indirectly, from the Phoenician alphabet.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Phoenecian.html (2019 words)

	wiki/Phoenecian alphabet Definition / wiki/Phoenecian alphabet Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		UgariticThe Ugaritic alphabet is a cuneiform consonant alphabet (abjad), used from around 1300 BC for the Ugaritic language, an extinct Canaanite language discovered in Ugarit.
		The alphabet's influence spread with that of Islam and it has been, and still is, used to write many other languages from families unrelated to the Semitic languages, such as Persian and Urdu.
		The Phoenician alphabetAn alphabet is a complete standardized set of letters—basic written symbols—each of which roughly represents a phoneme of a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it may have been in the past.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Phoenecian_alphabet (1779 words)

	Phoenicia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Phoenician alphabet was developed around 1200 BC from an earlier Semitic prototype that also gave rise to the Ugaritic alphabet.
		The Greek alphabet, that forms the basis of all European alphabets, was derived from the Phoenician.
		The alphabets of the Middle East and India are also thought to derive, indirectly, from the Phoenician alphabet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phoenicia (2600 words)

	ALPHABET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Notable exceptions are the Braille alphabet, Morse Code and the cuneiform alphabet of the ancient city of Ugarit.
		The Hawaiian alphabet is sometimes claimed to be as small, but it actually consists of 13 letters (which counts the ?okina, which represents a consonant) and a diacritic to indicate long vowels.
		In a perfectly phonological alphabet, the phonemes and letters would correspond perfectly in two directions: a writer could predict the spelling of a word given its pronunciation, and a speaker could predict the pronunciation of a word given its spelling.
	www.iperfull.com /Alphabet (2208 words)

	Phoenecian alphabet Definition / Phoenecian alphabet Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Modern alphabets thought to have descended from the Phoenician include Hebrew, Arabic, Greek The Greek language is written in the Greek alphabet, developed in classical times (ca 9th century BC) and passed down to the present.
		Abjads differ from alphabets and on the other hand from abugidas in that vowels are marked with optional diacritics.
		The term takes its name from the first nonsense 'word' of the mnemonic sequence for the letters of the Arabic alphabet, the 'old' order which was used before the letters were rearranged and grouped according to their graphic shapes.
	www.elresearch.com /Phoenecian_alphabet (478 words)

	Greek /h/
		The year after the defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War, 403/402 BC, the archon Euclides officially changed the alphabet used in Athens to the Ionic alphabet of Miletus (although there are indications that the Ionic alphabet had already been in use in Athens for a couple of decades beforehand).
		The family of scripts conflated in Unicode as Old Italic took on the Western Greek alphabetic values, as well as their lack of uniform letter shapes; the same word would be spelled in Old Italic (Astral Planes alert) something like 𐌇𐌄𐌋𐌋𐌄𐌍.
		The character properties of those codepoints mean they will not be recognised as alphabetic characters, and their typical typography—with much thinner lines than alphabetic letters—would make their mixing look awkward.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/unicode/unicode_aitch.html (4121 words)

	The Syriac Association of Australia - www.syriacaa.com
		After investigation and study it was proved that these cunieform characters had no known equivalent, and researches were convinced that this was the first alphabet in the world and that it dated back to the middle of the second millenium BC.
		The most important feature of the type of cuneiform first used in Ugarit was that it was not alphabetical, which had to be added to the words were removed and only those symbols which suited the phonetic style remained.
		The 30 letters of the ugarit alphabet formed the first alphabet in the world and the researcher Georges Rierrot says: “The invention of the alphabet was a very important event, greater even than the invention of printing, and can not be compared with any other event in human history.
	www.syriacaa.com /zarticle.asp?artid=28 (1658 words)

	James Lawton: THE OLMEC ALPHABET OF ANCIENT B.C. MEXICO, THE FINDING OF THE HIV 1 PLANT CURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James Lawton: THE OLMEC ALPHABET OF ANCIENT B.C. The Phoenician alphabet is of limited value for the purpose I embark on.
		Simply the Phoenician alphabet (Phoenecian, Phenici) is little more than a series of map areas (each a letter) of the 24,000 mile world beginning at western Alaska and running westerly returning to Alaska.
		And the Olmec Alphabet when decoded, which I have done here reasonably well, provides the pre Americas as well as Americas geneology and history of the Olmec people....The history of the Olmec alphabet begins in Manchuria-China and the boats used were Chinese design.
	www.ampage.com /honduras/honduras12.htm (668 words)

	Dave Leigh - Greek Alphabet
		The Greek alphabet was the basis of the later Roman (via the Etruscan variation) and Runic alphabets (compare them yourself!).
		It was descended from the earlier Phoenecian alphabet, and in fact the Greek word for letter was "phoinikeia".
		Several variations of the alphabet existed, as is indicated by Table 3.
	www.cratchit.org /dleigh/alpha/greek/greek.htm (604 words)

	untitled1.html
		Because of our particular interest in the alphabetic progenitors of Duchamp's written letters, we shall bypass discussion of early pictographic inscriptions, as from China or Egypt; neither shall we dwell upon the cuneiform writing of early Elam, Sumer and Susa, for those systems were syllabaries, and not technically alphabetic.
		The poetic metaphor of her darkly oracular writings, spelt and scattered on windblown leaves, supplies a vivid parable of the earnest and widespread dissemination of alphabetic script that signalled at least the beginning of the end of cultural dominance by oral transmission.
		Under the influence of alphabetic literacy, Greek writers created the vocabulary of abstract thought that is still in use to this day, notions such as body, matter, essence, space, translation, time, motion, permanence, change, flux, quality, quantity, combination and ratio.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/v/vonmeierk/5-02ALP.html (6294 words)

	The Tarot ArkLetters: Golden Apple of the Alphabet
		The origin of the alphabet, in which each sound is denoted by a single sign, is generally attributed to the region forming the land bridge between the great cultures of Egypt and Mesopotamia.
		Also, those languages that alphabetized themseves closest to the Phoenecian model could inherit several calculation systems along with their letters, (although the earlier versions did not have letters for the vowels like the later ones did).
		But just as you see Alphabet Mysteries at the backbone of Christian Cabbalism, Alchemical notation, and Hermeticism of the late middle ages at the birth of Tarot, I think we can see Alphabet Mysteries in the Trumps of Tarot once they were set at 22, in their modern (Marseilles) order.
	noreah.typepad.com /tarot_arkletters/2005/08/golden_apple_of.html (1529 words)

	JUBILEE
		This comparison is, however, unfortunately obscured by the way in which the Jews, during the Babylonian captivity, lost their original alphabet (which was probably hardly yet in use specifically as an alphabet) and borrowed a local Babylonian one.
		The basic alphabet which we are concerned with was (ignoring the subtleties and historical or linguistic niceties) the Phoenecian alphabet — the alphabet of those great sea-faring traders who lived in what is now Syria/Lebanon and who traded throughout the Mediterranean — hence their influence on Greek.
		However similar these alphabets were in their origins, and in the sounds represented, there is however one very major difference between the original Phoenecian and Hebrew on the one hand and the Greek and Roman on the other.
	www.blackfriarspublications.co.uk /jubilee.htm (3763 words)

	Non-Attic Letters
		The Phoenecian alphabet was adapted for Greek more stupidly than we might think.
		Faced with the four sibilants of Phoenecian, which they memorised without quite distinguishing correctly—especially when they didn't have half the sibilants in their own language—the Greeks jumbled the forms and the names of the letters, so that they no longer correspond to the Phoenecian originals.
		Even in her history of the Greek alphabet, Jeffery does not actually use a Greek letter for san at all; she only mentions it by Romanised name; e.g.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/unicode/nonattic.html (2469 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fitting, therefore that the letter begins such a word as AIN, or "nothing." It is an anomaly in the Phoenecian alphabet as that tradition neglected to include vowels in their set of monographs, vowels being only for pronunciation.
		And as Alpha/Aleph is the beginning of the vowel set, the pronounced Word and the beginning of existence (as AIN, or as the intials A.a.A.: "AHIH AShR AHIH," "I Am That I Am"), Beta/Bes is the beginning of the consonantal forms, the written script, and representation of existance.
		Beta/Bes is therefore the first letter of the Bible, and is attributed to the ibis which inspired Hermes to invent the alphabet, and to Theuth who delivered the invention to the Egyptian King Thamus along with astrology, mathematics and other sciences.
	www.hollyfeld.org /heaven/Usenet/QBL/9405.alphbet.s (520 words)

	North West Semitic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The North West Semitic alphabet originated in the early first millenium b.c.
		As time went on, with rotations and reflections many of these letters became letters in the Latin alphabet which we use today.
		The alphabet appears in many forms before that however: Caananite, Aramaic, Phoenician, Hebrew, Etruscan and Greek.
	sio.midco.net /danstopicalstamps/scripts8.htm (127 words)

	ARYAN ORIGIN OF THE ALPHABET - Hidden Mysteries Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The invention of the Alphabet is generally admitted to be one of the very greatest scientific human achievements.
		It enables civilized men by an easy system of some twenty four or so sound-sings or letter to rapidly express and register their thoughts and speak through time and space, conduct their everyday business by registers and correspondence, and chronicle their experience for the use of future generations by permanent records.
		And amoungst other things, in association with movable type and telegraph, which is also based upon a conventional form of the Alphabet, it has made possible that living marvel of the modern world, the newspaper, 'the beating heart of civilization,' which gives the news of the world as a diary of the human race.
	www.hiddenmysteries.com /item/item92.html (331 words)

	The runes had a magical origin and function to the Germanic peoples, and these functions continued into the Old English ...
		The names for each of the runes are believed to be as old as their symbols, and the choice of names to indicate specific runes was therefore quite significant and related to the use of the runes in their socio-cultural context (Polomé, 1991).
		Indeed, the alphabet was probably never used for writing long, continuous texts (Millward, 1996), as oral transmission through poetry and ritual were preferred over writing for communicating history and cultural values among the Germanic peoples (Elliot, 1959).
		The surviving material we do have shows how the runic alphabet was, unlike the Roman alphabet, first used in functions other than to exercise bureaucratic or administrative control, in a way that is more secretive and mysterious than the public and communal manner characteristic of many other writing systems (Hines, 1991).
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6361hesemeier.htm (1190 words)

	d20 Magazine Rack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Descendents of refugees from Canaan and the inhabitants of Levantine port cities (some of whom dated back to Akkadian times), the Phoenecians rather effectively took the place of the once mighty Minoans, and brought trade back to the eastern Mediterranean.
		Whereas the Minoans kept largely to the eastern sea, the Phoenecians went further west.
		It was this Greek alphabet that was spread throughout Europe in the wake of Greek merchants and traders.
	d20zines.com /html/print.php?sid=1439&POSTNUKESID=b7ed3c837c2ac2daa7... (754 words)

	[b-hebrew] Re: PS /g/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pre-exilic form of Hebrew samekh was almost identical to the Greek uncial Xi and in the same place in the alphabet.
		A quote: > Faced with the four sibilants of Phoenecian, which they memorised > without quite distinguishing correctly—especially when they didn't > have half the sibilants in their own language—the Greeks jumbled the > forms and the names of the letters, so that they no longer correspond > to the Phoenecian originals.
		The Greeks originally borrowed all four sibilants, but later dropped san, which had the same position in the alphabet as tsade, and perhaps the same shape, but did not correspond in sound.
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/2004-November/021320.html (371 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Their first alphabet had 80 symbols, but eventually they simplified it to only 22 letters with sounds.
		The word alphabet comes from the first two letters of their alphabet - alpha and beta.
		The Phoenicians brought the alphabet to the Greek islands.
	missbarbara.net /thehistoryofwriting.html (2572 words)

	Hebrew alphabet - InformationBlast
		Where they are it is because a weak vowel such as alef, he, vav, or yod has combined with a previous vowel and become silent or by imitation of such cases in spelling of other forms.
		Letters of the Hebrew Alphabet, with Initial/Medial and Final forms, the most standard Latin-letter transliteration values used in academic work, pronunciation using IPA symbols for modern standard Israeli pronunciation, reconstructed Tiberian pronuncation, reconstructed older pronunciation, and a SAMPA column for modern transliteration for those lacking fonts or browsers to properly handled the IPA characters.
		This script, used for writing Hebrew, later evolved into the Jewish, or "square"script, that is still used today.
	www.informationblast.com /Hebrew_alphabet.html (1240 words)

	TV:SCI FI Channel:Farscape - Archive 3/1999 - 8/2000:Further evidence of Human-Sebacean ties:Lugal: Apparently three ...
		I may have ascribed the alphabet to the wrong one.
		Yes, the Phoenecian alphabet differentiated into the alphabets you mentioned, including the Latin alphabet in which these very words are spelled.
		Alphabets, though their meaning and usage may have evolved, would not (nay, could not) look very much the same if they did not have a common origin.
	bboard.scifi.com /bboard/browse.php/1/5/2001/16544/13 (418 words)

	AHRC Bookstore - Readers Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Benner's other books with confidence that I will actually learn a good deal of the subject matter rather than fall asleep trying to stay focused on the dry, boring, dull treatment of ancient scripts given by snobbish academians whose obvious priority is trying to impress their peers rather than actually teach the neophytes.
		This was an exceptionally interesting book on the names of GOD in the Bible from the perspective of one knowledgeable in the ancient Hebrew language and customs.
		They were amazed at the pictorial meanings of the letters and to see that our English alphabet evolved from the Hebrew.
	www.ancient-hebrew.org /bookstore/review.html (1857 words)

	Bambooweb: Phoenecian
		Greek alphabet, which forms the basis of all European
		Though they are often credited for developing the first alphabet, the
		The Phoenician abjad, which first made its appearance in the 11th century BC, evolved out of the proto-Canaanite abjad, which originated around the 17th century BC.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/h/Phoenecian.html (2432 words)

	Ancient Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Runes are a hieroglyphic alphabet that was used by the Nordic and Germanic tribes in northern...
		The Cuneiform is an ancient alphabet which dates back even to before paper, when clay tablets were used and a stylus was pressed into the clay to form letters.
		It is an ancient alphabet oracle, but it is not a relative of the Ouija board.
	www.alphabeti.com /ancientalphabet (941 words)

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