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Topic: Phoenician alphabet

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	Phoenician Alphabet
		The Phoenician alphabetic script of 22 letters was used at Byblos as early as the 15th century B.C. This method of writing, later adopted by the Greeks, is the ancestor of the modern Roman alphabet.
		All the European alphabets are descendants of the Phoenician, and all the Asiatic alphabets are descendants of the Aramaic variants of the Phoenician.
		Phoenician alphabet is the ancestor of the Greek alphabet and, hence, of all Western alphabets.
	phoenicia.org /alphabet.html (0 words)

	Phoenician alphabet - Definition, explanation
		Phoenician was usually written from right to left, although there are some texts written in boustrophedon (consecutive lines in alternate directions – literally, as the ox turns, a reference to the way an ox turns at the end ploughing a furrow and carries on the next furrow in the opposite direction).
		The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, used to write early Hebrew, is nearly identical to the Phoenician one.
		The Greek alphabet is thought to have developed either directly from the Phoenician alphabet, or to share a common parent in Proto-Canaanite.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/p/ph/phoenician_alphabet.php (595 words)

	Alphabet - MSN Encarta
		The earliest known example of the Roman alphabet is an inscription on a gold brooch from the 6th century bc.
		Because of Roman conquests and the spread of the Latin language, the Roman alphabet became the basic alphabet of all the languages of western Europe.
		The Roman alphabet was adopted for use in the Germanic languages, including English and German, and the Romance languages, including French and Spanish.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565349_2/Alphabet.html (1599 words)

	Phoenician alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Phoenician alphabet dates from the third millennium BC and was based on the North Semitic alphabet.
		It is the alphabet that was used by the Phoenicia ns.
		The Greek alphabet is thought to have developed either directly from the Phoenician alphabet, or to share a common parent in the North Semitic alphabet.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Phoenician_alphabet.html (706 words)

	Phoenician alphabet
		It is the alphabet that was used by the Phoenicians.
		It is at least 3500 years old, and it is assumed that the Greek alphabet was derived from this Phoenician alphabet, as well as the Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic and a lot of other alphabets.
		Phoenician inscriptions were found at various archaeological sites around the Mediterranean where Phoenicians had their colonies, like Biblos (Lebanon) and Carthage (Tunisia).
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/ph/phoenician_alphabet.html (444 words)

	Bambooweb: Phoenician alphabet
		It is at least 3200 years old, and it is assumed that the Greek alphabet was derived from this Phoenician alphabet, as were the Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic, and many other alphabets - in fact, virtually all apart from the South Arabian and Ethiopic alphabets.
		The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet is nearly identical to the Phoenician one.
		The Greek alphabet is thought to have developed either directly from the Phoenician alphabet, or to share a common parent in the
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/p/h/Phoenician_alphabet.html (421 words)

	Phoenician Alphabet Origin
		We are often told that the Phoenicians invented the alphabet, though some debate this.
		When the Phoenicians began using the alphabet as a simple and easy way to keep track of their trades, it was exposed to everyone.
		Their plate on the left was written in Phoenician, and the other one in Etruscan.
	www.phoenician.org /alphabet.htm (477 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Phoenician alphabet
		Phoenician is a pure abjad, meaning that it is a writing system made up of letters that represent the consonants of the language.
		The Aramaic alphabet, a modified form of Phoenician, was the ancestor of the modern Arabic and Hebrew scripts, as well as the Brāhmī script, the parent writing system of most modern abugidas in India, Southeast Asia, Tibet, and Mongolia.
		The Cyrillic alphabet was derived from the Greek alphabet.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet (1208 words)

	Phoenician alphabet and language
		The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC.
		Phoenician, a Semitic language which originated in about the 11th century BC in what is now Lebannon, Syria and Israel, an area then known as Pūt in Ancient Egyptian, Canaan in Phoenician, Hebrew and Aramaic, and Phoenicia in Greek and Latin.
		Phoenician spread around the Mediterranean, particularly to Tunisia, southern parts of the Iberian peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal), Malta, southern France and Sicily, and was spoken until the 1st century AD.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/phoenician.htm (0 words)

	Alphabets - Phoenician Alphabet
		The discover of this alphabet did not consisted in the invention of a series of graphical signs, but in the decomposition words in simple sounds which each one is represented for an only sign.
		The archaic Phoenician alphabet, that is in the origin of all actual alphabets, appeared for the first time in Biblos.
		The colonies established by Phoenicians, in Cyprus and in the north of Africa, and the frontiers installed in Egypt, contributed definitely to the expansion of this alphabet until territories that didn't suffered directly Phoenician influence.
	www.imultimedia.pt /museuvirtpress/ing/alfa/a3.html (149 words)

	The Ancient Phoenicians
		The most important find, however, was an inscription in the Phoenician alphabet on an elaborate sarcophagus: "This coffin was made by Ithobaal, the son of Ahiram, King of Byplos, as the eternal resting place for his father.
		The Phoenicians worshipped a triad of deities, each having different names and attributes depending upon the city in which they were worshipped, although their basic nature remained the same.- Pat Remler.
		The Phoenicians reached the peak of their culture around l,000 B.C, when they had established trading colonies in Cyprus, Sicily, Sardinia, Africa and Spain, Their north African city of Carthage was founded about 800 B.C. and remained strong until the sack of the Romans in l46 B.C..
	www.laa.org /tours/phoenicians.htm (1706 words)

	ALPHABET (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is proposed that the alphabet originated in an intellectual sequence similar to that followed by Alexander Bell and Henry Sweet in constructing their Visible and Organic Alphabets.The originator of the alphabet used the same kind of introspective analysis of his own speech sounds and of the manner in which they were articulated.
		What made the alphabet ultimately successful was the selection of the forms of the characters and the limitation of the number of distinct sounds which the characters represented (omitting all the refinements of vowel and consonantal sounds which modern phonetics has identified).
		As the forms of the alphabet settled down and as any awareness of articulatory origin of the characters was lost, the alignment of the letter was systematised and perhaps in some cases adjusted to increase the distinctiveness of the characters, for example, between Greek lambda and gamma.
	www.percepp.demon.co.uk /alphabet.htm (8536 words)

	alphabet. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The precursors of the alphabet were the iconographic and ideographic writing of ancient man, such as wall paintings, cuneiform, and the hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians.
		The alphabet of modern Western Europe is the Roman alphabet, the base of most alphabets used for the newly written languages of Africa and America, as well as for scientific alphabets.
		Two European alphabets of the late Roman era were the runes and the ogham.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/alphabet.html (385 words)

	[No title]
		The colonies established by Phoenicians, in Cyprus and in the north of Africa, and the frontiers installed in Egypt, contributed definitely to the expansion of this alphabet until territories that didn't suffered directly Phoenician influence.
		Phoenician evolved over several hundred years from the end of the -2nd millenium (before -1100) with some modifications until the -2nd century, with the last neo-Punic inscriptions dating from about the 3rd century.
		The Phoenician alphabet is a forerunner of the Etruscan, Latin, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, and Syriac scripts among others, many of which are still in modern use.
	www.lycos.com /info/phoenician-alphabet.html (475 words)

	Phoenician alphabet : search word
		The Phoenician alphabet dates from around 1000 BC and is a direct descendant of the Proto-Sinatic alphabet.
		The Greek alphabet is thought to have developed either directly from the Phoenician alphabet, or to share a common parent in Proto-Sinatic.
		The small basket, the sausage, and roll of bread, with the query and "2" complaints and grumbles to put up with, and there will be some doubt as ripple upon the otherwise smooth surface of the consultant's.
	www.searchword.org /ph/phoenician-alphabet.html (791 words)

	Phoenician Language - Crystalinks
		The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, which was created sometime between the 18th and 17th Centuries BC.
		Notable Features - The Phoenician alphabet consists of 22 letters, many of which have a number of different forms, and does not indicate vowel sounds.
		Phoenician itself remained in use, in the form of Punic (more cursive), until about 200 AD.
	www.crystalinks.com /phoenician.html (358 words)

	Phoenice Phoenician script GREEK LANGUAGE ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΓΡΑΦΗ
		At first they used the same characters as all the other Phoenicians, but as time went on, and they changed their language, they also changed the shape of their letters.
		At that period most of the Greeks in the neighbourhood were Ionians; they were taught these letters by the Phoenicians and adopted them, with a few alterations, for their own use, continuing to refer to them as the Phoenician characters - as was only right, as the Phoenicians had introduced them.
		The letters of Phoenician and Egyptian alphabets had shame (are pictures) of animals, men etc (Aleph= the picture; beth = house etc) and the letters of Greek alphabet are pictures of pronunciations organs (lips, mouth, tongue etc) each sound: α, β, γ..
	www.krassanakis.gr /phoenician_script.htm (1787 words)

	THE ALPHABET OF BIBLICAL HEBREW
		Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic are examples of Semitic languages, which have several characteristics, such as a consonantal system with three-letter word roots to connote meaning.
		The Phoenician alphabet was widely received, as it was only 22 letters based on sound, as opposed to the myriad of symbols in cuneiform and hieroglyphics prevalent at the time.
		As the Aramaic alphabet became the Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew papyri and parchments of the second and first centuries BC were written in the Aramaic alphabet.
	biblescripture.net /Hebrew.html (1240 words)

	alphabet.html
		In the Phoenician's 22-letter alphabet, each letter is a picture of a common object, and the letter represents the first sound in the word for that object.
		Beside each Phoenician letter is the modern Hebrew letter that evolved from the Phoenician, and the Hebrew names for the letters.
		The Classical Greek alphabet was not adopted in Athens until 402 BC, long after the Etruscans had modified the Greek alphabet for their own needs.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /oconnog/story/alphabet.html (721 words)

	ODYSSEY/Greece/Writing
		We aren't sure who invented the alphabet, but the oldest writing with an alphabet was found in the ruins of the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos.
		Byblos was on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea on the Sinai Peninsula.
		The Phoenician alphabet spread to Greece, Italy, North Africa, France, and Spain - wherever the Phoenician sailors traveled and traded.
	carlos.emory.edu /ODYSSEY/GREECE/alphabet.html (169 words)

	The Evolution of the Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most evidence suggests that the invention of the Alphabet occurred in Byblos, the city famous for its trade in papyrus, presumably as a result of the work of the workmen and merchants of Byblos who had a long history of commerce with Egypt.
		The Phoenician signs waw, sade, and qoph were used by the Greeks under the names digamma, san, and koppa in the earlier periods but were later dropped.
		From the Greeks the alphabet passed on to the Etruscans of Italy; to the Copts of Egypt (where it replaced their old Egyptian hieroglyphic writing); and to the Slavonic peoples of Eastern Europe.
	www.cedarland.org /alpha.html (1048 words)

	The Phoenician Connection
		The 22 character consonant alphabet could be taught in a week and within a few years similar alphabets reworked to match the phonemes of the native tongue appeared in many of the lands where the Phoenicians traded.
		The Anglo Saxons adopted the Latin alphabet for their language [Old English} around 700 A.D. As is usually the case, the Saxons adopted both the letter shapes and the letter's sound associations.
		The Latin alphabet consisted of capital letters only, and the small letters with which we are familiar did not come into general use until the close of the eighth century of our era.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/phoenician-connection.html (1051 words)

	Phoenician Ancient Civilization History
		The Phoenicians are known as the "carriers of civilization" by spreading their own goods from the Middle Eastern civilization to the Mediterranean.
		Because the Phoenicians traders thought that wedges of the cuneiform were too clumsy, they adapted the idea of having symbols represent the sounds of the human voice.
		The Greeks later adapted the Phoenician alphabet and then added their own vowel sounds, completing the alphabet we now use today.
	www.einfoweb.com /mesopotamia/phoenicians/ainfo.html (312 words)

	Alphabet
		The Phoenician alphabet included more consonants than the Greeks needed for their language, so they used the extra signs for vowel sounds.
		The Etruscans taught the alphabet to the Romans and it has more or less the same form as it is today.
		About 900, the Glagolithic alphabet was modified into the Cyrillic alphabet, which was named for Cyril, the more literary of the brothers.
	library.thinkquest.org /26890/alphabet.htm (1089 words)

	The Origin of the Alphabet
		The original alphabet was developed by a Semitic people living in or near Egypt.* They based it on the idea developed by the Egyptians, but used their own specific symbols.
		It was quickly adopted by their neighbors and relatives to the east and north, the Canaanites, the Hebrews, and the Phoenicians.
		The Phoenicians spread their alphabet to other people of the Near East and Asia Minor, as well as to the Arabs, the Greeks, and the Etruscans, and as far west as present day Spain.
	webspace.ship.edu /cgboer/alphabet.html (999 words)

	The Phoenician Alphabet - Timeline Index
		Alphabetic writing was already well established in the Late Bronze Age at Ugarit where a cuneiform script was used.
		The Phoenician alphabetic script was borrowed to write well before the first millennium BC.
		The Phoenician alphabetic script of 22 letters was used at Byblos as early as the 15th century B.C. This method of writing, later adopted by the Greeks, is the ancestor of the modern Roman alphabet.
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1136 (194 words)

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