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Topic: Phoenix breakwaters

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	Phoenix - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phoenix (mythology), a mythical bird that dies in flames and is reborn from the ashes
		Phoenix Ikki, an bronze saint in the anime/manga Saint Seiya
		Phoenix (Iliad), a character in the Iliad, tutor of Achilles and father of Adonis; or a different character in Greek mythology, brother of Europa and Cadmus
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phoenix (1096 words)

	Mulberry harbour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Mulberry harbours were two prefabricated or artificial military harbours, which were taken across the English Channel from Britain with the invading army and assembled off the coast of Normandy as part of the D-Day invasion of France.
		The 'Mulberry' harbours consisted of a floating outer breakwater called 'Bombardons', a static breakwater consisting of 'Gooseberries' and reinforced concrete caissons called 'Phoenix', floating piers code name 'Whale' and the pier heads code name 'Spuds'.
		Large floating breakwaters fabricated in steel that were anchored outside the main breakwaters that consisted of Gooseberries (block ships) and 'Phoenix' (concrete caissons).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mulberry_Harbour (1218 words)

	Breakwater Lodge
		Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defense.
		The breakwaters may be small structures, placed one to three hundred feet offshore in relatively shallow water, designed to protect a gently sloping beach.
		Breakwaters may be either fixed or floating: the choice depends on normal water depth and tidal range.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/24/breakwater-lodge.html (1031 words)

	Fresh air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Phoenix is currently the sixth largest city in the U.S., according to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2005.
		The Phoenix Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is currently the fourteenth largest MSA of the United States, with a population of 3,251,876 (according to the 2000 U.S. Census); with a 2004 estimate of 3,790,000.
		Phoenix is the largest capital city by population in the U. Angola Pollution has severely damaged parts of http://www.nycitytourist.com the Po Valley, the region around Venice and other rivers and coastal areas.
	tourismperu.info /fresh_air.html (1319 words)

	HyperWar: Mulberry B Report
		Meanwhile the caissons, breakwaters, and piers were being towed across the 200 miles of sea at an average speed of 4 knots.
		The breakwater units were "ships" only in the sense that they floated, but in spite of their awkward shape they behaved like ladies when in tow.
		In the case of the breakwater units it could only be attempted in calm weather and in certain states of the tide.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/ETO/Overlord/MulberryB (4603 words)

	Planning for D-Day Normandy Invasion
		Within its breakwaters Liberty ships and coasters discharge their cargoes into DUKWs ["Ducks"] and lighters; and against its pierheads other ships unload thousands of tons each day into lorries which carry the stores straight to the Army's dumps.
		And be it noted: towed across the sea, and set down, during a battle, on the enemy shore by the gallant men of the United States Merchant Marine and Naval Armed Guard, and their British and Canadian counterparts.
		Phoenixes, Mulberries, Whales, Lobnitzes, Corncobs and Role of Tugs at
	www.usmm.org /felknordday.html (1945 words)

	Tugs at Normandy Harbor Harbor on D-Day June 6, 1944
		These hollow blocks, called Phoenixes, were to be laid end to end to form two giant breakwaters -- one at the British beach, one at the American.
		On June 7, about a mile offshore, the MV Farallon and other large tugs turned the Phoenixes over to small harbor tugs operated by "civilian" mariners of the Army Transport Service, who held them in position while sea valves were opened to flood the interior.
		These breakwaters calmed the waters inside the harbor and eliminated the surf and breakers on the beach.
	www.usmm.org /normandy.html (1441 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / A Harbor Built From Scratch
		By late February the first Phoenix unit had been completed and began to be used in trials to establish its towability.
		Indifferent to the limits of human endurance, whether in himself or others, he stood in his pilothouse and hurled scorn and bitter invective through a bullhorn—to be heard for miles around—at any man who so much as missed a thrown line.
		Giant waves rose and washed over the Phoenix units; their antiaircraft batteries had to be evacuated.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/it/2004/1/2004_1_26.shtml (2795 words)

	South Haven
		The parks have food concessions and are open from May 15 to September 15 for nominal-fee access to nonresidents (residents enter free via special City passes).
		The 900-foot-long breakwater is constructed of steel sheet piling and features an accessible cement surface.
		Follow Phoenix St. west to Broadway, turn right 1 block to Dyckman, follow Dyckman to N. Shore Dr., turn left to Avery, then right 1 block to Lakeshore Dr. and the park.
	www.glft.org /angleraccessguide/output.cfm?accessproject_id=3 (544 words)

	Mulberry Harbours - PortCities Southampton
		The most significant parts were the hollow concrete breakwaters codenamed 'Phoenix Caissons' that could be sunk when they arrived in France to form the main body of the harbour.
		With steel in short supply, old battle damaged vessels were to be scuttled alongside the harbour to bolster any shortages of Phoenix components, and were given the codename 'Gooseberries' or 'Corncobs'.
		Within each of the protected areas there were three floating piers, or 'Whales' connected to the shore by floating steel roadways.
	www.plimsoll.org /Southampton/Southamptonatwar/operationoverlordanddday/mulberryharbours.asp?view=print (362 words)

	NewspaperARCHIVE.com - Search old newspapers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Phoenix RD was sentenced to one year in the county jail after pleading guilty to third-degree robbery in connection with a May incident at the Fulton Mini-market.
		OSWEGO Floating tire breakwaters may be the wave of the future for harbors and marinas requiring accord- ing to Oswego Sea Grant Institute special- ist Robert Buerger.
		-pjoatyjg tjre breakwaters are most ef- fective in reducing waves for which the structure was specifically noted Buerger.
	www.newspaperarchive.com /newspapers2/na0029/6285305/21702273.html (2716 words)

	Navy Art Gallery exhibit: The Invasion Normandy: Pre-invasion: Planning and Preparation.
		This view of the great floating dry dock at Portsmouth, England, shows the underwater shape of the Phoenix units which were towed slowly at three to four knots across the English Channel.
		Its hull of hollow and compartmented concrete, reinforced with tons of steel, had valves which permitted internal flooding as tugs nudged the sinking leviathan into its place in the breakwater of the man-made harbor on the Normandy coast.
		The outermost auxiliary element of the "Mulberry" harbor was a line of floating breakwaters.
	www.history.navy.mil /ac/d-day/exdday/exdday1.htm (1058 words)

	ForMinistry - vsItemDisplay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		They have explored the piers and breakwaters of the harbor built by Herod's engineers.
		Crete was a Roman province in the first century A.D. The island's climate is dry during the summer but experiences strong storms in the winter.
		Unable to reach safety at Phoenix, the ship remained at sea for two weeks.
	www.forministry.com /vsItemDisplay.dsp&objectID=4B7D978B-ABAF-45EB-8617E6D4C69A3077&method=display (742 words)

	Findon Village Antiquities - The Mulberries at Selsley
		These were laid end to end to form two giant breakwaters which would take the pounding, one at the British landing point and one at the American.
		Floating breakwaters, narrow steel floats, 200 ft. long, (code name: Bombardons) were moored outside the Mulberries to help break up the surging of the incoming waves.
		I took them back to Aromanches 1994 and they were able to show me were they came ashore and the route they took out of the village, the places they had camps on the way to Bayeau and to Caen, the way they remembered was wonderful to see, their sadness was a privilege to share.
	www.findonvillage.com /0356_the_mysterious_mulberries.htm (2769 words)

	History, Chief of Staff to Supreme Allied Commad
		Plans had to be developed for some sort of breakwaters which could be moved quickly into position, and for piers or other type of shore connection at which vessels could unload.
		Of these, the bubble breakwater, the floating ship breakwater and the 'LILO' were subsequently abandoned, and production was concentrated on the 'BOMBARDON' (after the structural defects revealed when three prototypes broke their backs in a half gale had been remedied) and the 'PHOENIX' concrete caisson.
		Some of the 'PHOENIX' units, which were mainly constructed in the THAMES and SOUTHAMPTON WATER, had to be built in improvised basins excavated alongside the water and flooded by the demolition of the retaining bank when all was ready, because sufficient dry docks and slipways were not available.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/documents/cossac/Cossac.htm (18570 words)

	GLG 110 Lecture Notes 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Phoenix, AZ In 1993, more water had gathered in all the reservoirs than in recently recorded history--these reservoirs had to release water in order to prevent water overflowing the dams.
		Breakwaters stop the waves from crashing into the shore, but they also impact where sediment is deposited and eroded.
		Seawalls may prevent the ocean waves from cutting into the wall upon which your house is built, however, it eventually leads to undercutting which can be the ultimate demise of your house and the seawall.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~vanderhoeven/110_Outline3_S03.htm (2759 words)

	The Navy Art Collection; D-Day, Normandy: Operation Overloard
		Floating on reinforced concrete pontoons, these "Roadways to the Beach," code-named Mulberries, are another example of the imaginative use of material by the invasion fleet.
		88-199-FD The attack forces constructed their own harbors, piers, and breakwaters by towing cargo ships and Mulberry units across the channel at three to four knots and then sinking them to form the breakwaters and piers for the landing forces.
		The hull is hollow and compartmented concrete with valves for flooding one in place in France.
	www.history.navy.mil /ac/d-day/d-day8.htm (315 words)

	Phoenix Water Park
		It is time to cool off at Waterworld Safari in Phoenix.
		With over 16 water rides and a variety of attractions, the Phoenix Waterworld Safari is the right place to have fun.
		The Jungle Jim’s Children’s Play Pool and the Congo River Rapids are areas inside the park that have age guidelines.
	www.arizonan.com /attractions/WaterPark.htm (421 words)

	WELCOME TO BABYLON!!! - Board the Camel Train HERE!
		Ride the Camel Train from Tyre to Mari, from the verdant coast across the desert to the mighty Euphrates, Mother of Civilisation.
		A short distance from the shore you will see ''islands'' which are, in fact, the great stone breakwaters and jetties of the ancient Phoenician port, called the ''Egyptian port'' because it faced south towards Egypt.
		Skin Diving: Basic equipment is sufficient for exploring the ancient Phoenician breakwaters and jetties.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/42756 (1807 words)

	Altima 55 Pilothouse - Yachting Magazine
		It’s been said that a sea trial should be like a woman’s skirt: short enough to be interesting, but long enough to cover everything.
		If that’s the case, I knew within minutes of clearing the breakwaters off Ft. Lauderdale that the Altima 55 was going to be a very likable yacht.
		It was one of those flawless Florida days: A cold front had passed, leaving warm sun and a clear sky.
	www.yachtingmagazine.com /yachting/boatreviews/article/0,24579,605182,00.html (1296 words)

	Divi Aruba Phoenix Resort - Oranjestad, \| Away.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Enjoy the snow-white sands of Palm Beach while staying at Aruba Phoenix Beach Resort, a Divi resort.
		A quiet timeshare affiliated with Divi Resorts, the Phoenix has some distinctive features.
		If you're coming from the Low-Rises, the 14-floor Phoenix tower marks the beginning of Palm Beach.
	travel.away.com /Aruba/travel-hotel-details-id42178-DIVI-ARUBA-PHOENIX-HOTEL-5621-Oranjestad.html (382 words)

	Britain, Battle, Courbet, Foyle Bank, VC, Imogen, Brazen, Wren, Codrington, Delight, Channel, CE, E-boat, MTB, Hunt
		On the 3rd they are boarded and seized, but not before there are casualties on both sides including three British and one French dead.
		'Mulberry' harbour project of two artificial harbours and five 'Gooseberry' breakwaters including 400 'Mulberry' units totalling 1.5 million tons and including up to 6,000-ton 'Phoenix' concrete breakwaters; 160 tugs for towing; 59 old merchantmen and warships to be sunk as blockships for the 'Gooseberries'.
		The Isle of Wight is the terminal for the PLUTO project; specially equipped vessels which lay a Pipeline Under The Ocean to carry petroleum fuel across the English Channel to France.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsBritain.htm (6467 words)

	The Film Journal...Passionate and informed film criticism from an auteurist perspective.
		It is a coincidence that one of the cameramen who works for me today—his name is Archie Stout—had a son in my outfit.
		He rode his Phoenix all the way over from England photographing everything in sight.
		On D-Day plus three, by the time the Nazis figured out what was happening, most of those ships were in position and the first of the big concrete Phoenix breakwaters was being pushed into position and sunk.
	www.thefilmjournal.com /issue12/ford.html (6858 words)

	Alumni Hall of Fame: Emil H. Praeger
		Rensselaer’s most prolific civil engineer of the 20th century, Praeger put his stamp on projects from the New York City parks system to the White House.
		In World War II he designed the rectangular floating concrete breakwaters, code named “Phoenix,” which were constructed in England and floated across the English channel to form a protected harbor for the invasion of Normandy.
		He was structural designer of renovations to the White House under Truman.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/NewsComm/sub/fame/inductees/emilpraeger.html (142 words)

	Mulberry harbours - excerpt from the Newcomen Society's Transactions
		"A breakwater alone would protect the beaches during onshore winds, thus permitting the continuation of unloading beached craft.
		Given the right site (tides, nature of sea-bed, depths etc), ships and barges could have continued to discharge cargo onto rafts and DUKWs.
		The author in his paper goes on to describe the Whale pierheads; the Spud pontoons; Whale floating roadways; Bombardon breakwaters; Phoenix caissons; Corncob blockships; Mulberry A and B; Gooseberry - and the very many components eventually used in this extraordinary project, which he sums up as follows:
	www.newcomen.com /excerpts/mulberry.htm (679 words)

	Review of Alden, Autumn 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		From North Africa he was brought to England to advise on the P
		Project, huge concrete caissons that were to be sunk off Normandy to form breakwaters for artificial harbors to be constructed immediately after D-Day.
		It appears that Ellsberg was less happy than in the Red Sea and North Africa, for he was not a man well suited to advising with tact and diplomacy other engineers who were about to get into serious trouble.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/1999/autumn/br13-a99.htm (913 words)

	Speciality phoenix consolidated - VL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The third division, speciality sales and services to general industryengineering and construction activities were consolidated under a new Construction and Engineeringcorporate past,' Seth Gitell, The Boston Phoenix, 21.09.00 www.bostonphoenix.com/archive
		recollections; Mulberry Harbour Part 5 - the 'Phoenix' Breakwaters: Geoff Fufter Carries onand news; Mulberry Harbour Part 6: the Phoenix breakwaters continued - Geoff Futter continuesAFV enthusiasts by W.J. Cane; Eye Of The Phoenix - Part 1 introduction: Geoff Thomas begins
		Copies of the National Lottery Accounts Directionterms are breached.The second loan was for £735,000 to the Phoenix Trust.
	www.ville-longjumeau.net /north-american/phoenix-consolidated/speciality-phoenix-consolidated.html (341 words)

	Independent Study Fair Report
		Without supplies, the commanders of the Allies understood the invasion would eventually fail.
		This remarkable project was done by sinking old ships and huge concrete breakwaters called Phoenix caissons.
		The roads that would cross the channel were made from pontoons.
	www.oberlin.k12.oh.us /talent/isp/reports2005/5Isaac.htm (4731 words)

	Cruising the Côte d'Azur - Yachting Magazine
		In just a day, you can go from striking a pose as your yacht reverses into its berth opposite the bustling cafés of St. Tropez to feeling blissfully far away from it all as you anchor in a quiet cove off the Porquerolles islands—a nature reserve off HyËres.
		Harbors vary from purpose-built marinas with massive breakwaters like Antibes' International Yacht Club (IYCA), where such superyachts as the 282-foot Kingdom and 420-foot Octopus dominate the quay, to stern-to moorings in the old port of Cannes.
		I've lived in Nice for over five years and cruised this 50-mile stretch of coast dozens of times.
	www.yachtingmagazine.com /yachting/destinations/article/0,24579,1169668,00.html (1542 words)

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