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Topic: Phoneme

Related Topics

Phonemic awareness

Allophone

Voiceless glottal plosive

Dual (grammatical number)

Phonology

Spanish language

Russian (spelling)

Tone (linguistics)

Minimal pair

Laryngeal theory

Polysynthetic

Phonetics

Sound symbolism

Intonation

Word (linguistics)

	Preston Blair phoneme series
		Check back here from time to time as I'll continue to revise the content; already posted are some extended phoneme shape examples.
		Various combinations of these poses can be mixed together to create the desired phoneme shape and give you greater control when you come to fine tune your dialogue performance.
		The images here are devoid of emotion and personality so as to show each phoneme clearly.
	www.garycmartin.com /mouth_shapes.html (413 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Phoneme
		A phoneme, therefore, is the conception of a sound in the most neutral form possible and distinguishes between different words or morphemes — changing an element of a word from one phoneme to another produces either a different word or obvious nonsense.
		A phoneme could be thought of as a family of related phones, called allophones, that the speakers of a language think of, and hear or see, as being categorically the same and differing only in the phonetic environment in which they occur.
		An important phoneme is the chroneme, a phonemically-relevant extension of the duration a consonant or vowel.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Phoneme (3761 words)

	Encyclopedia: Phoneme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A phoneme is a family of phones, called allophones, that the speakers of a language think of, and hear or see, as being the same.
		In sign languages, the phoneme was formerly called a chereme (or cheireme), but usage changed to phoneme when it was recognized that the mental abstractions involved are essentially the same as in oral languages.
		Phonemics, a branch of phonology, is the study of the systems of phonemes of languages.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Phoneme (822 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Phoneme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A phoneme may well represent categorically several phonetically (additional info and facts about phonetically) similar or phonologically (additional info and facts about phonologically) related sounds (the relationship may not be so phonetically obvious, which is one of the problems with this conceptual scheme).
		Two words that are differentiated by one phoneme, such as "cat" and "rat", are known as a minimal pair (additional info and facts about minimal pair).
		Phonology (The study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes), or more specifically, phonemics, is the study of the system of phonemes of a language, although some conceptualize phonology as encompassing far more than sound segments.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/ph/phoneme.htm (1604 words)

	Phoneme Awareness
		Phoneme awareness is the ability to identify phonemes, the vocal gestures from which words are constructed, when they are found in their natural context--spoken words.
		Phoneme gestures require no special materials--they are always at hand, and children enjoy participating in lessons with hand motions.
		For tongue twisters, 4 or 5 phonemes is plenty.
	www.auburn.edu /~murraba/phon.html (1112 words)

	Phoneme Encyclopedia, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A phoneme is a family of speech sounds (phones) that the speakers of a language think of as being, and usually hear as, the same sound.
		The phoneme is a structuralist abstraction that was introduced by the Polish-Russian linguist Jan Niecislaw Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) and elaborated in the works of Nikolai Trubetzkoi (1890-1938).
		An important phoneme is the chroneme, a phonemically-relevant extension of the duration a consonant or vowel.
	artisticnudity.com /encyclopedia/Phoneme (3043 words)

	Phoneme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The phoneme is an abstraction that was introduced by the Polish linguist Jan Niecislaw Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) and his student Mikołaj Kruszewski.
		The concept of the phoneme was elaborated in the works of Nikolai Trubetzkoi (1890-1938), as well as in that of structuralists like Ferdinand de Saussure and Edward Sapir.
		The phoneme can be defined as "the smallest meaningful psychological unit of sound." The phoneme has mental, physiological, and physical substance: our brains process the sounds; the sounds are produced by the human speech organs; and the sounds are physical entities that can be recorded and measured.
	toshare.info /en/Phoneme.htm (3221 words)

	Phoneme at AllExperts
		A phoneme could be thought of as a family of related phones, called allophones, that the speakers of a language think of, and hear or see, as being categorically the same.
		Phonemics, a branch of phonology, is the study of the systems of phonemes of languages.
		Chinese), aspirated is a phoneme distinct from unaspirated.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/ph/phoneme.htm (3482 words)

	Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Phoneme segmentation fluency measures a student's ability to distinguish individual phonemes in a word.
		As a student increases his/her phonemic awareness, they are better able to identify and hear individual sounds in a word.
		The phoneme segmentation fluency measure can be used at the end of preschool through the first grade, as needed.
	sss.usf.edu /cbm/phoneme_segmentation_fluency.htm (173 words)

	test of phoneme identities: Predicting alphabetic insight in prealphabetic readers, The Journal of Literacy Research - ...
		Phoneme awareness means recognition of these vocal gestures in their natural contexts, spoken words.
		When we ask children to segment the phonemes in grew, we assume it does not matter that the particular phonemes /g/, /r/, and /ii/ constitute the word; we expect a generalized sensitivity to whatever phonemes are there.
		Murray (1998) found that instruction in phoneme manipulation improved blending and segmentation ability but made little difference in kindergarten children's alphabetic insight, that is, in their ability to apply the alphabetic principle that letters represent phonemes in words.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3785/is_200009/ai_n8910045 (1056 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Phoneme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The concept of the phoneme was elaborated in the works of Nikolai Trubetzkoi and other of the Prague School (during the years 1926-1935), as well as in that of structuralists like Ferdinand de Saussure, Edward Sapir, and Leonard Bloomfield.
		The phoneme has the theoretical weakness from the perspective of phonology in that it uses, in part, lexical criteria to determine something that is supposed to be phonological (i.e., minimal pairs of words to point out phonological categories).
		Much of phonology, while accepting the phoneme as possible model or unit of language for description, has largely moved past the segmental phoneme as a basic unit of speech, of speech processing or of language acquisition.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Phoneme (3501 words)

	PTLC: Phoneme Awareness
		Phoneme awareness is the ability to hear, attend to, and manipulate specific letter sounds in spoken words and syllables.
		Phoneme awareness games and activities can be completed in as little as 5 to 10 minutes of daily instruction in kindergarten and first-grade classrooms.
		Even though the purpose of phoneme awareness instruction is to aid development of spelling/sound correspondence and even though research has shown that phoneme awareness is enhanced when instruction includes letters, teachers should not rely on conventional phonics workbooks.
	www.sedl.org /ws/pa.html (10168 words)

	Phoneme Probability Models
		A biphone model may therefore be dependent on a particular phoneme to the left or right of the nuclues(center phoneme) or on a group of phonemes defined using variables.
		Using this syntax a phoneme can be modeled as (a) a one part model (context independent, left dependent or right dependent), (b) a two part model (left biphone model followed by a right biphone) or (c) a three part phoneme (left biphone followed by context independent model followed by a right biphone).
		Right dependent phonemes are phonemes which characterize themselves as only being influenced by the phonemes or context to the right of the phoneme.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /toolkit/old/old/version2.0a/documentation/csluc/node6.html (2240 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Therefore, the present invention is characterized by integrating mono- phoneme models extracted during a recognition model training from a phoneme having the highest degree of similarity one by one using a Bhattacharyya's distance measuring method and an Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering.
		That is, the present invention searches phones similar to classified anti- phoneme models by using the Bhattacharyya's distance measuring method and the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering to greatly reduce computational process of a degree of similarity and to increase the computational speed.
		However, a class formed by the N phoneme models is not flexible to the different number of similar phonemes.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=04/72953.040826&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2398 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		At the one extreme, the obligatory phoneme hypothesis states that all speech is internally represented as a string of phonemes and speech recognition is done on this phoneme string.
		The lax phoneme hypothesis states that the phoneme inventory and phonotactics capture the physiological and statistical regularities of (a) language.
		To summarize the obligatory and lax phoneme hypotheses.
	fonsg3.let.uva.nl /rob/Intas/SPRAAC2001/SPRAACVanSonPols2001.doc (2279 words)

	Wikinfo \| Phoneme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In spoken language, a phoneme is a basic, theoretical unit of sound that can change the meaning of a word.
		Depending on the language and the alphabet used, a phoneme may be written consistently with one letter; however, there are many exceptions to this rule (especially in English).
		When representing phonemes in linguistic writing, it is common to use 'slash' markers as quotes around the symbol that stands for the sound.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Phoneme (995 words)

	BalancedReading.com -- Phoneme Awareness
		The tem "phoneme awareness" should be distinguished from another commonly used term, "phonological awareness." Phonological awareness is a general term describing a child’s awareness that spoken words are made up of sounds, phoneme awareness is a specific term that falls under the umbrella of phonological awareness.
		Phoneme awareness refers to the specific understanding that spoken words are made up of individual phonemes -- not just sounds in general (which would include syllables, onsets, rimes, etc.).
		Phonological awareness is a step in the right direction, but phoneme awareness is what is necessary for the child to understand that the letters in written words represent the phonemes in spoken words (what we call the “alphabetic principle”).
	www.balancedreading.com /phonemeawareness.html (687 words)

	ReadWriteThink: Lesson Plan: Phoneme Isolation: Building Phonemic Awareness
		One aspect of phonemic awareness is the ability to isolate and identify specific phonemes.
		Phonemic awareness, which is the awareness that speech consists of a sequence of sounds, should be a priority in early reading instruction.
		Phonemic awareness instruction can be strictly oral or may include some sort of concrete cue.
	www.readwritethink.org /lessons/lesson_view.asp?id=120 (1067 words)

	What is a phoneme?
		A phoneme is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language.
		In the American structuralist tradition, a phoneme is defined according to its allophones and environments.
		The phones [r] and [l] contrast in identical environments and are considered to be separate phonemes.
	www.sil.org /linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPhoneme.htm (230 words)

	CHATR -- a Generic Speech Synthesis System - Phoneme Sets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Before a phoneme set can be used it must be formally defined.
		However, definition of phoneme sets are there to aid you even though they may seem frustrating at first, and do need careful use.
		Phonemes for words supplied by the lexicon are mapped to the internal phoneme set at look-up time.
	feast.atr.jp /chatr/chatr/manual/chatr_7.html (795 words)

	phon-inv-art
		While we can be specific about the minimum number of pure (uncombined) phonemes required to fully describe English speech [34], it is nearly impossible to reach agreement on the number of phonemes when combinations are included.
		Since sound is continuous and phonemes are imagined to be discrete sound segments, there are a range of articulations that will be interpreted as an instance of the phoneme.
		Thus phonetic r and l are distinct phonemes in English, whereas these sounds represent a single phoneme in Japanese, just as ph and p in pie and spy, respectively, represent a single phoneme in English although these sounds are phonetically distinct.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/phon-inv-art2.html (2784 words)

	Automatic Identification of Phoneme Bou
		The identification of phoneme boundaries in continuous speech is an important problem in areas of speech recognition and synthesis.
		The identification of phoneme boundaries in continuous speech is an important problem in areas of speech recognition and speech synthesis.
		Duration information on each phoneme class was included as a weighting in calculating the distance of every possible minimum from the current boundary to every possible minimum in the next boundary.
	www.eng.um.edu.mt /~pjmica/papers/paper_97.htm (1563 words)

	Literacy Center Education Network™
		Phonemes are the building blocks of early reading.
		At the Phoneme Center, children can begin to decode written language—to see that words can be broken into parts and that each part makes a different sound.
		Paving the way to sounding out words, the phonemic alphabet will allow children to hear the difference between letter names and sound.
	www.literacycenter.net /parents_teacher/phoneme_center.htm (380 words)

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