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Topic: Phoneticians

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Hugh Jackman

	Essays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Phoneticians came up with the idea of 'modifiers' or 'diacritics' placed around their main symbols to show these variants.
		Phoneticians shared the observations of the layman, and consequently the 'fact' of the discreteness of the individual sounds which make up speech was never questioned - or at least I have not seen any serious attack mounted on the assumption before around 1950.
		If phoneticians did not have the means of knowing this it is small wonder that even they, with their 'trained ears' came to the wrong conclusion that speech is actually discrete in the physical world.
	www.essex.ac.uk /speech/teaching-01/206/classnotes/206cnotes6.xml (1934 words)

	Can phoneticians fail where native speakers succeed?
		Phoneticians and linguists are professionally concerned with establishing and applying consistently a set of phonetic units that are plausible candidates for `the universal phonetic space'.
		Very likely these phoneticians and phonologists agree with C-H that any distinction that is to be represented in the universal phonetic alphabet must be large enough that it might be useful (in some imaginable situation) within a language to distinguish words with fair reliability.
		It is little wonder that the phoneticians ignored these minute differences in assigning their transcription, but neither is it surprising that the native listeners did use this information in identifying the words.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~port/pap/manaster/node6.html (482 words)

	LINGUIST List 3.769: Phoneticians I
		True, there are a great many cloth-eared phoneticians around who are apparently incapable of noticing the phonetic distinction between "devoiced" voiced stops and ordinary voiceless stops, but that does not mean that all ear-trained phoneticians are bad, or that impressionistic phonetics is no good.
		Cases of incomplete neutralization where the phonetician's ear is incapible of hearing the difference have been reported in child phonology and in aphasia.
		In child phonology, it is clear that some children incompletely devoice final obstruents, but the phonetician can't detect it; sometimes its a matter of a subtle difference in the length of the preceding vowel.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/3/3-769.html (801 words)

	LINGUIST List 3.783: Phoneticians
		There is a discrepancy between the things that phoneticians of all kinds observe and what phonologists take to be relevant and are prepared to describe in their work.
		The example about confusing [k] with [x] (the original posting said even good phoneticians do this) seemed to me to mean that the phoneticians in question were expecting to hear [k] because they believed there 'should be' a '/k/' there (whatever this might mean).
		But not even the few instrumental phoneticians who claim that there is a difference have said anything remotely like the statements that have appeared on LINGUIST suggesting that the final consonants in words like 'grad' are "half-devoiced".
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/3/3-783.html (1235 words)

	Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
		Phoneticians are also actively involved in research into speech perception and this interest often results in their having much in common with, and often a lot of interaction with, audiologists and psychologists.
		Phoneticians working in the area of speech technology often work with and share the skills of engineers and computer scientists.
		As a consequence of these developments, there is a very strong international trend for many phoneticians to no longer label themselves as "phoneticians" but as "Speech Scientists" or even, for those working in the overlapping areas of speech perception and auditory processing, as "Speech and Hearing Scientists".
	www.ling.mq.edu.au /undergraduate/bsphs/phonetics.htm (492 words)

	Why are phoneticians so confident? \| Antimoon Forum
		Kirk has explained what phoneticians and linguists do, although I disagree with him about the degree to which their work has advanced ESL teaching and the other methods of teaching languages.
		It's called the vocal tract, not the vocal mechanism, because speech is not produced solely by a mechanism but also by the inherent acoustic properties of the chamber formed by the vocal tract.
		Phoneticians study speech, but they may or may not teach it.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t1552-15.htm (1100 words)

	Variability in Phonetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		What I’m going to try to do is take one central problem which phoneticians are concerned with because it continues to turn up wherever we investigate, and attempt to use that problem to illustrate a major turn that phonetics has taken in very recent years.
		It was not, of course, until phoneticians realised the gross incompatibilities between their speech production models and the model of phonology that it was understood that the phonetician’s idea of the supremacy of instrumental data was inappropriate.
		Because of the way the phonetician is constructing his theory he now ask the question do the speaker know about these constraints in the narrow sense of ‘know’ used in linguistics.
	www.essex.ac.uk /speech/archive/phonvar/phonvar.html (3381 words)

	The Discreteness of Phonetic Elements : Response to A. Manaster-Ramer
		Phoneticians have long observed that phonetic objects are discretely different only in ideal circumstances [Lisker and Abramson, 1971,Klatt, 1976,Keating, 1985,Lindblom, 1983].
		The primary difference is that in English both the /t/ and /d/ are modified (in the post-stress, intervocalic context) to a third sound, the apical flap, whereas in German the voiced obstruents seem to merge directly into the voiceless ones.
		An implication of the notion of a universal phonetic alphabet is that we may hope that professional linguists and phoneticians should be able to approach the sum of perceptual and motor skills of native speakers of all languages.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /~port/pap/manaster/onepiece.html (10068 words)

	Phonology and Phonetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For the classical phoneticians phonetics meant the study of speech sounds and how they are produced – very often in the context of a single language, though not necessarily.
		Thus, in Classical Phonetics, phoneticians would note that it is important to recognise within the set of consonants a subset identified as ‘plosives’ or ‘stops’.
		In modern linguistics there are phoneticians and there are phonologists – and there are two separate, but related, disciplines: phonetics and phonology.
	www.essex.ac.uk /speech/teaching-01/206/phon-phon.html (621 words)

	VowProd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Traditionally, phoneticians have found it difficult to describe vowels in articulatory terms.
		The problem is that the quality of a vowel depends on the shape of the space in the oral cavity during the passage of the airstream.
		For this reason, instead of describing the shape of the space, phoneticians prefer to describe the shape of the tongue which determines the shape of the space in the oral cavity.
	web.udl.es /usuaris/m0163949/vowprod.htm (1063 words)

	Phoneme Definition
		Merriam Webster provides the simplest, most useful definition: an "abstract unit" of language that is clearly distinguished from a "set of similar sounds" corresponding to it.
		In the example, \k\ represents the mental (abstract) form of a phoneme giving rise to a number of similar phonetic units among which are sounds phoneticians identify as "velar c" in the lexical word cool, but "palatal k" in keel.
		The remaining references call a phoneme a sound or use synonyms that imply it is a sound: phonetic unit, speech unit, sound unit, utterance, or acoustic value.
	www.akses.org /phonemedef.htm (1113 words)

	Daniel Jones, Prescriptivist, R.(I.)P.
		With so much talk these days about how Estuary English is going to kill off Received Pronunciation, it might be timely, before the death knell of RP is finally sounded, to examine more closely the recent history of the accent.
		One figure who is often regarded as having played a decisive role in the evolution of RP is Daniel Jones (1881-1967) — in the view of many, the greatest of British phoneticians (for a description of Jones’s life and career, see Collins & Mees 1999).
		One commentator, Crowley (1989: 164-74), has claimed that Jones reveals himself to hold prescriptivist and gender-biased views, and to be unduly influenced by considerations of social class.
	wotan.liu.edu /dois/data/Articles/juljuljigy:2001:v:82:i:1:p:66-73.html (194 words)

	Abstract for witt_thesis
		The recordings were transcribed by trained phoneticians to obtain transcriptions corresponding to the actual phoneme sequence uttered by the student as opposed to canonical transcriptions obtained from a standard pronunciation dictionary.
		Because pronunciation assessment is highly subjective, it was necessary to develop a set of four performance measures which compare human or computer-based judgments of pronunciation on a phone-by-phone basis.
		Based on this analysis of how phoneticians assess pronunciation, an automatic method of assessing pronunciation which we call {\it Goodness of Pronunciation} (GOP) was developed.
	svr-www.eng.cam.ac.uk /reports/abstracts/speech/witt_thesis.html (848 words)

	How do phoneticians do it?
		It's enough to run a short query on the web to find out that phoneticians...
		Phoneticians do it in beats and binds (or was it natural phonologists?)
		Phoneticians do it distinctively (or was it phonemicists?)
	elex.amu.edu.pl /~sobkow/do-it.html (261 words)

	pronguide
		Since the nineteenth century the International Phonetics Association has recommended that stress marks precede the stressed syllable, and linguists worldwide have adopted this practice on the basic principle that before a syllable can be uttered the speaker must know what degree of stress to give it.
		In accordance with the practice of French phoneticians, no stress marks are shown in the transcription of words borrowed from French whose pronunciations have not been anglicized, as at ancien régime and émeute.
		The numerous variations in pronunciation that a word may have in running speech are of interest to phoneticians but are well outside the scope of a dictionary of general English.
	www.csmc.edu /mwmedical/pronguid.htm (3549 words)

	Vowel Theories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Formants of cardinal vowels in a group of phoneticians trained by Daniel Jones:
		When phoneticians listen to a audio recording of a vowel in an unknown language that is not found on the primary cardinal vowel "slice", they may not be able to tell whether the the vowel is a front rounded or a back unrounded vowel--they cannot separate position in the space from rounding.
		Presumably, if phoneticians could have seen the faces of the speaker, they would show much more agreement.
	www.ling.yale.edu:16080 /ling120/Vowels/Vowel_Theories.html (743 words)

	LIGN 110: Course Information
		Phoneticians are interested in all aspects of speech sounds: how they are produced, how they are perceived, how they are same as other sounds and how they differ, what they are made up of and how they can be put together, and so on.
		There are many different reasons for wanting to describe speech, which means that there are many different kinds of phoneticians.
		Some are concerned with the sounds that occur in the languages of the world.
	ling.ucsd.edu /courses/ling110 (1640 words)

	Phonetics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Discussions of meaning (semantics) do not enter at this level of linguistic analysis, therefore.
		While writing systems and alphabets often attempt to represent the sounds of speech, phoneticians are more concerned with the sounds themselves than the symbols used to represent them.
		So close is the relationship between them, however, that many dictionaries list the study of the symbols (more accurately semiotics) as a part of phonetic studies
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phonetics (502 words)

	Research
		A research project with applications for security and the law', funded by The Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation.
		Internationally the importance of cooperation between lawyers and linguists including phoneticians is increasingly being realized.
		In Sweden the development has not developed at the same speed as elsewhere in the world, where the expert skills that linguistics and phoneticians have have been used in law courts to make judgements about for example, tape-recordings of voices.
	www.ling.lu.se /persons/Elisabeth/Research.htm (608 words)

	Michael L. O’Dell - Publications
		O’Dell, M. (1995b) Kvalitatiivisia seikkoja kvantiteetin havaitsemisessa (Abstract: Qualitative factors in the perception of quantity) In Papers from the 18th Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians
		Papers from the 16th Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians
		Papers from the 15th Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians
	www.uta.fi /~skmiod/publications/index.html (626 words)

	Building A Statistical Model Of The Vowel Space For Phoneticians (ResearchIndex)
		If your firewall is blocking outgoing connections to port 3125, you can use these links to download local copies.
		Abstract: Vowel space data (A two dimensional F1/F2 plot) is of interest to phoneticians for the purpose of comparing different accents, languages, speaker styles and individual speakers.
		Current automatic methods used by speech technologists do not generally produce traditional vowel space models (See [6] for an overview); instead they tend to produce hyper dimensional code books covering the entire speakers speech stream.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /182256.html (212 words)

	Gestural scores and phonetic transcription (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Phonetic transcription can be viewed as a system (developed by phoneticians) for annotating the gestural score, using an string of alphabetic symbols.
		Gestural scores could not be observed until quite recently.
		Humans can attend to (and become aware of) patterns of gesture in their own vocal tracts: which words are comprised of which gestures, in what rough organization.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu:16080 /ling120/Transcription/T1.html (209 words)

	[No title]
		By presenting the reductions along with their linguistic conditioning factors, she strikes a forceful blow against the belief that casual speech is simply sloppy speech.
		Sound Patterns of Spoken English will be of interest to theoretical phonologists and experimental phoneticians, as well as researchers in speech perception, language acquisition and speech technology.' Lisa Lavoie, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
		Sound Patterns of Spoken English is a concise, to-the-point compendium of information about the casual pronunciation of everyday English as compared to formal citation forms.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /bookxml.asp?isbn=0631230793 (300 words)

	Interspeech 2005
		This enthusiastic response resulted in 118 extra submissions which have been reviewed and organized into 10 special sessions and 2 panels.
		The truly interdisciplinary nature of INTERSPEECH events is demonstrated by the wide range of topics covered in regular and special sessions, gathering a community of speech scientists, engi- neers, phoneticians, computational linguists, academics and industrials working on spoken language processing and related fields.
		Altogether we received submissions from 2821 different authors, making these conferences the major international spoken language processing events.
	www.interspeech2005.org (529 words)

	Vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In many treatments, both are considered a type of rounding, and are often called endolabial rounding (pursed, where the insides of the lips approach each other) and exolabial rounding (compressed, where the margins of the lips approach each other).
		However, some phoneticians do not believe that these are subsets of a single phenomenon of rounding, and prefer instead the three independent terms rounded, compressed, and spread (for unrounded).
		Nasalization refers to whether some of the air escapes through the nose.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vowel (3746 words)

	Phonetics
		Peter Ladefoged's Homepage (an array of useful sources by one of the world's leading phoneticians)
		Those interested in getting involved in some hard-core phonetics research might want to explore some of the equipment and software that phoneticians use.
		In mediaeval times, a number of Arab linguists were also excellent phoneticians, and many of them produced highly detailed descriptions of the production of speech sounds.
	www.dur.ac.uk /daniel.newman/phonetics.html (401 words)

	Developing Teachers.com Forums // View topic - Why are phoneticians so confident?
		Developing Teachers.com Forums // View topic - Why are phoneticians so confident?
		Posted: Thu Jan 05, 2006 4:58 am Post subject: Why are phoneticians so confident?
		In Korea (and other countries), there are many books and many people/universities, which so distinctly/variously/differently (from each other) suggest how to pronounce English.
	www.forum.developingteachers.com /viewtopic.php?p=1407&sid=1c947e8b2f6... (276 words)

	Review of: Forensic Voice Identification
		Click here to download this paper now for $25
		Hollien states that his most important reason for writing this book² was to reduce the gap separating the two components of voice-identification professionals: engineers and phoneticians.
		Stated differently, I felt that I could gauge how half of his target audience would receive the book.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/4687.htm (79 words)

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