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Topic: Phoneutria nigriventer

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	Brazilian wandering spider - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Phoneutria fera and nigriventer are the two most commonly implicated as the most virulent of the Phoneutria spiders.
		The Phoneutria not only has a potent neurotoxin, but is reported to have one of the most excruciatingly painful envenomations of all spiders due to its high concentration of serotonin.
		In densely populated areas, Phoneutria species usually search for cover and dark places to hide during daytime, and this may occur inside houses, clothes, cars, boots, boxes and log piles; thus generating accidents when near people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brazilian_wandering_spider (687 words)

	F-Purification and biochemical characterization of a polypeptide from the venom of Phoneutria nigriventer spider with ...
		F-Purification and biochemical characterization of a polypeptide from the venom of Phoneutria nigriventer spider with activity...
		The venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer produces a variety of biological actions including priapism which is characterized by a painful and prolonged penile erection.
		A polypeptide from Phoneutria nigriventer responsible for the relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum was purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
	www.jvat.org.br /full/d-1998/volume_4/number_2/f-jvat_th1_98_02.htm (252 words)

	Phoneutria Nigriventer Photo \| TrekNature
		Phoneutria differs from other genus in the family Ctenidae by a thick comb of hairs on the lateral edge and ventral part of the pedipalps.
		Phoneutria also differs from other ctenids by its unique warning display - the body and the two first legpair are kept vertical and then the spider rock from side to side horizontally.
		Phoneutria are nice and interesting spiders to keep in captivity, if you have a long experience in keeping fast and aggressive spiders.
	www.treknature.com /gallery/South_America/Brazil/photo45828.htm (683 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research - Binding sites and actions of Tx1, a neurotoxin from the venom of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Phoneutria nigriventer, a very aggressive solitary spider, is responsible for most spider bites in humans in central, eastern and southern Brazil (1).
		Pharmacology of the polypeptides from the venom of the spider Phoneutria fera.
		Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom induces increased vascular permeability in rat and rabbit skin in vivo.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999001200019 (2444 words)

	phoneutria fera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The most famous species is Phoneutria fera that in popular literature been dubbed as the most venomous spider in the world.
		Phoneutria Fera The 'Brazillian Wandering' Spider The Brazilian Wandering spider is a large hunting spider that produces one of the most toxic of spider...
		The Phoneutria fera and nigriventer are the two most commonly implicated as...
	www.settepercento.it /jokes/phoneutria-fera.htm (661 words)

	Wandering spider - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Previously, the term referred only to the genus Phoneutria but now usually refers to the entire family Ctenidae.
		The Phoneutria genus is the only group of wandering spiders that are a danger to humans, most notoriously the extremely aggressive and venomous spiders, Phoneutria nigriventer and Phoneutria fera.
		Although their range is known to occur beyond the borders of Brazil, the spiders of this genus are commonly known as Brazilian wandering spiders.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wandering_spider (117 words)

	Spider Neurotoxins
		This use of structurally distinct toxins from common as well as divergent sources is an excellent manner in which to study a channel.
		This conservation of structure among these three species is interesting to view from a taxonomic standpoint in that venom peptide sequences may be useful as chemotaxonomic tools.
		Despite being the only lethal species amongst the three spiders, the toxins of the Phoneutria nigriventer share strong structural similarity, particularly in the location of the cysteine residues with neurotoxins from these other two spiders.
	www.kingsnake.com /toxinology/spider_neurotoxins.html (1073 words)

	CARACTERIZE A FAMILY OF NEUROPEPTIDES CALLED Tx2-5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer contains a collection of neurotoxics peptides that are known to interfere with the function of voltage gated channels (Cordeiro et al.,1995).
		Towards this end, we have prepared a cDNA library from Phoneutria nigriventer venom gland to clone the cDNAs enconding neurotoxins related to Tx2-5.
		A cDNA library from Phoneutria nigriventer venom gland has been prepared and used to identified the cDNA of one isoform of the toxin Tx2-5 called Pn2-5A (Kalaphotakis et al., 1995), this isoform showed 94% sequence homology to the Tx2-5 toxin and 92% to Pn2-1, other isoform cloned by our group.
	www.icb.ufmg.br /~lbcd/pages2/daniel/rgramado.html (240 words)

	Arachnids
		The structure of the neurotoxins from Agelenopsis aperta show strong sequential similarities, primarily in the locations of the cysteine residues, with neurotoxins from Phoneutria nigriventer and Hololena curta [102].
		Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian wandering spider) contains extremely toxic venom with the potential danger of this specie compounded by the fact that this large spider is extremely aggressive and often bites multiple times in quick succession.
		The toxins of Phoneutria shares strong structural similarity, particularily in the location of the cysteine residues, with neurotoxins from Agelenopsis aperta and Hololena curta [102].
	www.kingsnake.com /toxinology/old/arachnid/arachnid.html (2688 words)

	Artigos publicados em revistas de circulação internacional (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		G.de Nucci, ``Biochemical characterization of a vascular smooth muscle contracting polypeptide purified from Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom'', Toxicon, 31, 377-384, (1993).
		G.de Nucci, ``Identification of a new vascualr smooth muscle contracting polypeptide in the Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom'', Biochemical Pharmacology, 46, 1092-1095, (1993).
		E.Antunes, ``Identification of a new vascular smooth muscle contracting polypeptide in the Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom'', Biochemical Pharmacology, 46, 1092-1095, (1993).
	www.unicamp.br /anuario/93/node133.html (315 words)

	[No title]
		Spider species, Phoneutria Banana spiders are ctenid spiders who belong to the genus Phoneutria.
		Phoneutria keyserling XE "Phoneutria keyserling: spiders, species" i is found in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo.
		Phoneutria fera XE "Phoneutria fera: spiders, species" is unusually aggressive and tends to bite several times at the same site in quick repetition.
	www.itg.be /itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/Teksten/sylabus/44_Spiders.doc (3874 words)

	Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891)
		Phoneutria nigriventer are quite large spiders, the females 3-5cm in bodylength with a legspan of 13-15cm.
		The color varies depending on the locality (to the extend that some of these color variants have been described as species) but most common is a overall brown color with small lighter dots with a darker outline that are located in pairs on the abdomen.
		According to Rogerio Bertani at Butantan the nigriventer spiderlings are also problematic to raise in Brazil so they just catch adults in the wild when they need more individuals for milking the venom.
	www.minaxtarantulas.net /artiklar/phoneutria/phoneutria_e.html (1816 words)

	Tramadol, buy tramadol, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, weight loss, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The effect of Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom on arterial blood pressure of anaesthetised rats.
		The intravenous injection of Phoneutria nigriventer venom (0.1 mg/kg) evoked a brief and reversible decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure whereas a higher dose of venom (0.3 mg/kg) caused a biphasic response characterized by a short-lasting hypotension followed by a sustained and prolonged hypertension (40-50 min).
		The increase in the blood pressure induced by Phoneutria nigriventer venom was also not significantly affected by either the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan (10 mg/kg) or the endothelin ETA receptor antagonist FR 139317 ((R)2-[(R)-2-[[1-(hexahydro-1H-azepinyl]carbonyl]amino-4-methyl- pentanoyl]amino-3-[3-(1-methyl-1H-indoyl)]propionyl] amino-3-(2-pyridyl) propionic acid) (30 mg/kg).
	ultram-online-rx.com /ref-nifedipine/nifedipine-research-abs3.45.html (850 words)

	Tarantula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This claim is often made without identifying a particular spider although the "banana tarantula" is sometimes named.
		The dangerous Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria nigriventer) is probably the spider in question as it is sometimes found hiding in clusters of bananas and is one of several spiders called the "banana spider." It is not a tarantula but it is fairly large (about an inch long), somewhat hairy, and is regarded as aggressive.
		However, the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus), is perhaps the spider in the world that is the most aggressive, highly venomous, and likely to bite repeatedly and envenomate enthusiastically.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tarantula (3399 words)

	Phoneutria nigriventer venom: Novel mechanisms for the activation of sensory nerves via 5-HT4 receptors
		Phoneutria nigriventer venom: Novel mechanisms for the activation of sensory nerves via 5-HT4 receptors
		Localised intense pain and neurogenico edema formation are manifestations associated with bites by the Brazilian spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Costa et al., 1997).
		We have used the rat isolated vagus nerve which contains sensory fibres in a grease-gap preparation to investigate Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV)-induced sensory nerve activation.
	www.jvat.org.br /full/i-2003/volume_9/number_2/symposium_2002/conferences/37c-sbtx-2002.htm (324 words)

	Ion channel Literature - Cloning, cDNA sequence analysis and patch clamp studies of a toxin from the venom of the armed ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Ion channel Literature - Cloning, cDNA sequence analysis and patch clamp studies of a toxin from the venom of the armed spider (Phoneutria nigriventer).
		Cloning, cDNA sequence analysis and patch clamp studies of a toxin from the venom of the armed spider (Phoneutria nigriventer).
		The cDNA of Tx3-2 reveals the presence of a signal peptide of 21 amino acids and of an intervening propeptide (with 16 amino acids) preceding the toxin sequence, which was followed by additional amino acid residues at the C-terminus (C-terminal peptide), implying post-translational modifications of the synthesised peptide.
	www.ionchannels.org /showabstract.php?pmid=9839681 (355 words)

	Sur PubMed cette semaine - Pediatric Neurology Paris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The proteomes of the venoms of the Brazilian wandering "armed" spiders Phoneutria nigriventer, Phoneutria reidyi, and Phoneutria keyserlingi, were compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
		The venom components were also fractionated using a combination of preparative reverse phase HPLC on Vydac C4, analytical RP-HPLC on Vydac C8 and C18 and cation exchange FPLC on Resource S at pH 6.1 and 4.7, or anion exchange HPLC on Synchropak AX-300 at pH 8.6.
		These sequences demonstrate, as might be expected, that the venoms of P. reidyi and P. keyserlingi (Family: Ctenidae) both contain a similar range of isoforms of the neurotoxins as those previously isolated from P. nigriventer which are active on neuronal ion (Ca (2+), Na(+) and K(+)) channels and NMDA-type glutamate receptors.
	www.pediatric-neurology-paris.net /content/view/176/39 (2693 words)

	Promiscuous and Reversible Blocker of Presynaptic Calcium Channels in Frog and Crayfish Neuromuscular Junctions From ...
		Phoneutria nigriventer venom: a cocktail of toxins that affect ion channels.
		Souccar C, Goncalo MdC, Lapa AJ, Troncone LR, Lebrun I, and Magnoli F. Blockade of acetylcholine release at the motor endplate by a polypeptide from the venom of Phoneutria nigriventer.
		Wolff P, Troncone LRP, Lebrun I, Magnoli F, Raw I, and Ho PL. Further biochemical and pharmacological characterization of PF3, a neurotoxin peptide from the "armed" spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/5/3529 (5075 words)

	Artigos publicados em revistas de circulação internacional especializadas
		R.T.Palframan, S.K.P.Costa, P.Wilsoncroft, E.Antunes e G.de Nucci, ``The effect of a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist SR140333 on oedema formation induced in rat skin by venom from the Phoneutria nigriventer spider'', British Journal of Pharmacology, 118, 295-298, (1996).
		E.Rego, A.C.Bento, R.A.B.Lopes-Martins, E.Antunes, S.Marangoni, J.R.Giglio, B.Oliveira e G.de Nucci, ``Isolation and partial characterization of a polypeptide from Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom that relaxes rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro'', Toxicon, 34(10), 1141-1147, (1996).
		S.K.P.Costa, H.Moreno- Jr, G.de Nucci e E.Antunes, ``The effect of Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom on arterial blood pressure of anaesthetised rats'', European Journal of Pharmacology, 298, 113-120, (1996).
	www.unicamp.br /anuario/96/biomedicas/node247.html (745 words)

	GILBERTO DE NUCCI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Antunes, E., Marangoni, R.A., Brain, S.D. and De Nucci, G. Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom induces increased vascular permeability in rat and rabbit skin in vivo.
		Activation by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom of autonomic nerve fibers in the isolated rat heart.
		(2002) Role of kinins and sensory neurons in the rat pleural leukocyte migration induced by Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom.
	www.gdenucci.com /cv.htm (5415 words)

	Ion channel Literature - Rat cortical synaptosomes have more than one mechanism for Ca2+ entry linked to rapid ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Rat cortical synaptosomes have more than one mechanism for Ca2+ entry linked to rapid glutamate release: studies using the Phoneutria nigriventer toxin PhTX2 and potassium depolarization.
		PhTX2, one of the components of the venom of the South American spider Phoneutria nigriventer, inhibits the closure of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels.
		Incubation of cerebral-cortical synaptosomes with PhTX2 causes a rapid increase in the intrasynaptosomal free Ca2+ concentration and a dose-dependent release of glutamate.
	www.ionchannels.org /showabstract.php?pmid=7504921 (384 words)

	Brazilian Wandering Spider Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria fera) is one of the most venomous and deadly spiders in the world, and is known for its speed and...
		...are the 3rd most venomous spider in the world behind the Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria nigriventer) and the funnelweb spider (Atrax...
		Likewise, the Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria) has a dangerous reputation as a very aggressive species with an extremely painful bite.
	www.spiders-resource.info /brazilian-wandering-spider (959 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5064657 - Spider toxins and methods for their use as blockers of amino acid receptor function - November ...
		Cruz-Hofling, M. et al., "Effects of Phoneutria Nigriventer Spider Venom on Mouse Peripheral Nerve", Quart.
		Entwistle et al., "Isolation of a Pure Toxic Polypeptide from the Venom of the Spider Phoneutria Nigriventer and its Neurophysiological Activity on an Insect Femur Preparation", Toxicon, 20:1059-1067, (1982).
		Foil, L. et al., "Partial Characterization of Lethal and Neuroactive Components of the Brown Recluse Spider (Loxosceles Reclusa) Venom".
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5064657.html (11901 words)

	What is the Most Venomous Spider in the World?
		The Sydney funnel spider (Atrax robustus) of Australia is often quoted as being the spider with the most dangerous venom.
		On the other hand; according to the Guinness Book of Records the world’s most venomous spiders is the Brazilian wandering spider (Phoneutria nigriventer).
		This spider is believed to have the most active neurotoxic venom of any living spider.
	arachnophiliac.co.uk /burrow/most_venomous_spider.htm (206 words)

	Phoneutria nigriventer pictures - Arachnoboards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Yes, I hope the dealers are knowledgable about the animal their selling.
		That these are not ordinary huntsman spider species (Heteropoda, etc.) but are Phoneutria, spiders of medical importance and aggressive ones at that.
		On the other side of the scale, I feel this is one of the medically significant spiders that is probably most maligned.
	www.arachnoboards.com /ab/showthread.php?t=14153 (357 words)

	WHO \| Management of Poisoning: A handbook for health care workers
		Usually there is no need for surgery, and unnecessary surgery could cause complications or permanent damage to the bitten limb.
		This section covers species of Latrodectus, including Latrodectus mactans mactans, the fl widow spider, found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide; Loxosceles, the brown or violin spiders, found in Central and South America, North Africa, and the Mediterranean area; and Phoneutria including Phoneutria nigriventer, the banana spider, found in Central and South America.
		Venom from Latrodectus and Phoneutria spiders affects the nervous system but does not cause local tissue damage.
	www.who.int /ipcs/publications/training_poisons/management_of_poisoning/en/index6.html (5388 words)

	The Virtual Home of Kyle Siebenthall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		From this list, I will take one gene, such as Acp62F (which codes for a serine protease inhibitor) and will first compile known data about it (using resources such as FlyBase).
		For example, Acp62F contains a 28 amino acid region that has a high similarity to a neurotoxin of the Brazilian armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer, a fact which seems somewhat surprising, and Acp62F has been shown to be toxic to mated female flies.
		I will then obtain the gene’s sequence (the entire D. melanogaster genome is available online) and use it to design primers which will be put into use to sequence the gene.
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/kts6/research.htm (364 words)

	THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, SYNDROMIC CLASSIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION OF SPIDER BITES -- DIAZ 71 (2): 239 -- ...
		Phoneutria species spiders are also known as armed or armed-banana
		Phoneutria venom is composed of a very complex mixture of aspartic
		A clinico-epidemiological study of bites by spiders of the genus Phoneutria.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/71/2/239 (8059 words)

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