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Topic: Phosphatidylethanolamine

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	PMID: 6249356 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The transverse distribution of aminophospholipids in the plasma membrane was determined by use of a chemical labelling reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.
		The percent phosphatidylethanolamine trinitrophenylated by trinitrobenzenesulfonate in the outer plasma membrane monolayer of LM cells supplemented with choline analogues was not altered.
		Ethanolamine analogue-containing phospholipids were distributed asymmetrically across the plasma membrane with 85 to 91% being located in the inner monolayer of the plasma membrane, a distribution similar to that of phosphatidylethanolamine.
	invention.swmed.edu /cgi-bin/etblast/abstract_local?pmid=6249356 (262 words)

	phospholipids,PE
		Unusual phosphatidylethanolamine analogues containing a carbon-phosphorus bond instead of the classical carbon-oxygen-phosphorus bond are described in marine invertebrates and protozoa.
		Recent reports indicate the importance of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine as precursors for N-acylethanolamines, which in turn play a physiological role during germination of seeds (Chapman KD et al., Plant Physiol 1999, 120, 1157) and in defense systems in plants (Tripathy S et al., Plant Physiol 1999, 121, 1299).
		Interestingly, a unique N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine was proposed in the brain as a source of N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (named also anandamide, from the Sanskrit "ananda" that means bliss), this metabolite appears to be formed (with a molecule of phosphatidic acid) by phospholipase D action.
	www.cyberlipid.org /phlip/pgly04.htm (929 words)

	[No title]
		The lower content of phosphatidylethanolamine was due to a specific decrease in the plasmalogen subclass.
		Phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen was also the only lipid exhibiting major structural modifications: a significant decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid as well as a shift of the aldehyde pattern from 18:1 to 18:0.
		Both the vinyl ether bond of phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen and polyunsaturated fatty acids are major targets in oxidative stress; thus, these specific lipid modifications strongly support the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of AD.
	www.alzheimersupport.com /library/print.cfm?ID=534 (243 words)

	Formation of age pigment-like fluorescent substances during peroxidation of lipids in model membranes. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Ferrous ion and ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation of liposomal membranes containing phosphatidylethanolamine led to the formation of fluorescent substances which have characteristics similar to those of compounds derived from the reaction of phosphatidylethanolamine with purified fatty acid hydroperoxides.
		The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances free from the membranes were not reactive with amino compounds such as phosphatidylethanolamine in liposomes or glycine in aqueous phase.
		The presence of phosphatidylethanolamine in the membrane suppressed the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, suggesting that phosphatidylethanolamine may react with radicals formed and terminate the propagation.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6365170.html (254 words)

	Avanti Polar Lipids
		Abstract: At low temperature, the short-chain fluorescent-labeled phospholipids, 1-myristoyl-2-[6-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) aminocaproyl]- phosphatidylcholine (M-C(6)-NBD-PC) and its phosphatidylethanolamine analog, M-C(6)-NBD-PE, are internalized by flip across the plasma membrane of S. cerevisiae and show similar enrichment in intracellular membranes including the mitochondria and nuclear envelope/ER.
		This sorting is not blocked by a temperature-sensitive mutation in SEC12, which inhibits ER to Golgi transport, a null mutation in VPS8, which inhibits Golgi to PVC transport, or temperature-sensitive and null mutations in END4, which inhibit endocytosis from the plasma membrane.
		Monomethylation or dimethylation of the primary amine head-group of M-C(6)-NBD-PE is sufficient for sorting to the yeast vacuole in both wild-type yeast and in strains defective in the phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway.
	www.avantilipids.com /FluorescentProducts.html (1853 words)

	Unraveling the Mode of Action of the Antimalarial Choline Analog G25 in Plasmodium falciparum and Saccharomyces ...
		phosphatidylethanolamine in the absence of an ethanolamine precursor
		Phosphatidylethanolamine is the donor of the ethanolamine residue linking a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor to protein.
		Phosphatidylethanolamine has an essential role in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is independent of its ability to form hexagonal phase structures.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/48/8/2816 (4619 words)

	MCBL- Main
		L.M. and Vance, D.E. (2003) Activation of CTP:phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase a Expression during the S Phase of the Cell Cycle Is Mediated by the Transcription Factor Sp1.
		Noga, A. and Vance, D.E. (2003) A Gender-Specific Role for Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase-Derived Phosphatidylcholine in the Regulation of Plasma Lipoproteins in Mice.
		Tessitore, L., Sesca, E., and Vance, D.E. (2000) Inactivation of Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-2 in Aflatoxin-induced Liver Cancer and Partial Reversion of the Neoplastic Phenotype by PEMT Transfection of Hepatoma Cells.
	members.allstream.net /~mcbl/dvancepubs.html (869 words)

	HPLC separation
		Mobile phases containing hexane/2-propanol allow also phosphatidylethanolamine to be eluted before phosphatidylcholine, but the latter and sphingomyelin are not well separated.
		In contrast, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine are eluted between phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine.
		1: phosphatidylethanolamine, 2: phosphatidylinositol, 3: phosphatidylserine, 4: phosphatidylcholine, 5: phosphatidic acid, 6 and 7: sphingomyelin, 8: lysophosphatidylcholine.
	www.cyberlipid.org /phlipt/pl40004.htm (1381 words)

	Characterization of the methyltransferases in the yeast phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway by selective gene ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		PEM1 and PEM2 are structural genes for the yeast phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway which mediates the three-step methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine.
		Selective disruption of each locus in the yeast genome was performed using the in-vitro-inactivated gene with insertion of yeast LEU2 or HIS3.
		In the absence of choline, it accumulated phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine with a concomitant decrease in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/127.html (350 words)

	BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
		In the mammalian pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, ethanolamine is first phosphorylated, activated to form CDP-ethanolamine and then reacted with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylethanolamine.
		By contrast, in the E.coli pathway, the three main phospholipids are formed from each other in sequence starting from phosphatidylserine, then progressing to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine.
		Phosphatidylserine is decarboxylated to form phosphatidylethanolamine, to which three methyl groups are added to form phosphatidylcholine.
	www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/pspepcPathway.asp (101 words)

	Patent 6,348,491
		The weight ratio among phosphatidyl cholin, non-ionic surfactant and polyethyleneglycol-modified disteaoyl phosphatidylethanolamine is preferably 1:0.4-1:0.1-0.2, and more preferably 1:0.5:0.12.
		The polyethyleneglycol-modified phosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine treated by polyethyleneglycol.
		Moreover, the preferred polyethyleneglycol-modified phosphatidylethanolamine is polyethylene-modified disteraoyl phosphatidylethanolamine.
	pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2002/Feb2002/021902/6348491_Emulsion021902.htm (405 words)

	Biophysical Journal: Phosphatidylethanolamine-Phosphatidylglycerol Bilayer as a Model of the Inner Bacterial Membrane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are the main lipid components of the inner bacterial membrane.
		This is a likely molecular-level event behind a regulating mechanism developed by the bacteria to control its membrane permeability and stability consisting in changes of the relative PG/PE concentration in the membrane.
		Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are the major lipid components of bacterial membranes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200502/ai_n10298353 (1450 words)

	The possible functional significance of phosphatidylethanolamine methylation
		In view of the relatively minor importance of the methylation pathway in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in liver, we were intrigued by the reports of significant physiological changes attributed to phospholipid methylation
		Calculations reported here show that this enzymatic activity in reticulocytes, erythrocytes and mammary gland membranes is 0.1% of that observed in liver microsomes.
		For these and other reasons, there is considerable doubt that methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine could account for the many physiological responses attributed to this activity.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v288/n5788/abs/288277a0.html (332 words)

	CHO2 - Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine and is most active in liver.
		In liver an alternative pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
		Cloning and expression of a novel phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gi/33360.html (161 words)

	Phospholipid-assisted protein folding: phosphatidylethanolamine is required at a late step of the conformational ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Phospholipid-assisted protein folding: phosphatidylethanolamine is required at a late step of the conformational maturation of the polytopic membrane protein lactose permease -- Bogdanov and Dowhan 17 (18): 5255 -- The EMBO Journal
		Phospholipid-assisted protein folding: phosphatidylethanolamine is required at a late step of the conformational maturation of the polytopic membrane protein lactose permease
		Previously we presented evidence that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) acts as a molecular chaperone in the folding of the polytopic
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/17/18/5255 (901 words)

	A STUDY ON PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AND PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE HOMOLOGUES BINARY MIXTURES
		The complexity of the biological membrane lipid matrix has conducted both experimental and theoretical investigation from one-component lipid bilayers to the study of two component systems.
		Based on Landau phenomelogical theory (1) of phase transitions, we propose a model to describe both phosphatidycholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) series main phase transitions.
		Taking into account the Priest (2) phenomelogical model for lecithin bilayers, we constructed a new excess free energy term in the state function to account for the thermodynamic properties of the mixtures where the chain lenghts and the polar heads of the components can be simultaneously different.
	users.unimi.it /~monticy/cs038.htm (259 words)

	nutrition.org -- Nutritent Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The outer leaflet of plasma membrane is rich in these choline-phospholipids whereas the inner leaflet is dominated by phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol.
		The metabolism of choline, methionine, and methyl-folate are closely interrelated; the metabolic pathways intersect at the formation of methionine from homocysteine.
		Some choline can be formed from methionine (through the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor).
	www.nutrition.org /nutinfo/content/choline.shtml (839 words)

	Retina Foundation of the Southwest Anderson Vision Research Center 9900 North Central Expressway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hoffman DR, Haning JA and Cornatzer WE: Microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase: Effect of altered S-adenosylmethionine: S-adenosyl- homocysteine ratios in rat liver, Internatl J Biochem 13:745-748, 1981.
		Cornatzer WE, Hoffman DR and Haning JA: The effect of embryological development on phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidyl-dimethylethanolamine methyltransferase and choline phosphotransferase of rabbit liver microsomes, Lipids 19:1-4, 1984.
		Cornatzer WE, Hoffman DR and Haning JA: The effect of hyper and hypothyroidism, hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy on phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidyldimethyl-ethanolamine methyltransferase, and choline phosphotransferase of rat liver microsomes, Internatl J Biochem 16:567-570, 1984.
	www.retinafoundation.org /hoffmanCV.htm (4747 words)

	Small Changes of Dietary (n-6) and (n-3)/Fatty Acid Content Ratio Alter Phosphatidylethanolamine and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Effects of diet on phosphatidylethanolamine and on phosphatidylcholine were apparent (Fig.
		In phosphatidylethanolamine, an increase in both 22:6(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) occurred in rats fed 22:6(n-3) (Fig.
		Hargreaves K. Clandinin M. Phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase: evidence for influence of diet fat on selectivity of substrate for methylation in rat brain synaptic plasma membrane.
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/127/5/724 (4901 words)

	eMedicine - Immunotherapeutic Targeting : Article by Robert J Arceci, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This article begins with a brief review of the historical background of immunotherapy for cancer, then addresses the central scientific principles that serve as the basis for the development of immunotherapies and reviews clinical experience in pediatric oncology using each approach.
		Development of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) as a clinical approach to malignancy initially rested on the assumption that high doses of chemotherapy were necessary to eradicate relatively chemoresistant leukemia.
		The MAB is conjugated to a second toxic molecule to kill tumor cells (eg, radioconjugates, pseudomonal exotoxin, ricin).
	www.emedicine.com /PED/topic2728.htm (8544 words)

	Phosphatidylethanolamine Participates in the Stimulation of the Contact System of Coagulation by Very-Low-Density ...
		Phosphatidylethanolamine Participates in the Stimulation of the Contact System of Coagulation by Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins -- Klein et al.
		Role of phosphatidylethanolamine in assembly and function of the factor IXa-factor VIIIa complex on membrane surfaces.
		Phosphatidylethanolamine induces specific conformational changes in the kininogens recognizable by antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/10/1695 (4069 words)

	Roles of Phosphatidylethanolamine and of Its Several Biosynthetic Pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Birner et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Roles of Phosphatidylethanolamine and of Its Several Biosynthetic Pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Birner et al.
		Three different pathways lead to the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) in yeast, one of which is localized to
		Local exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine on the yeast plasma membrane is implicated in cell polarity
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/abstract/12/4/997 (637 words)

	Local exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine on the yeast plasma membrane is implicated in cell polarity -- Iwamoto et ...
		Local exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine on the yeast plasma membrane is implicated in cell polarity -- Iwamoto et al.
		Grant, A.M., Hanson, P.K., Malone, L. and Nichols, J.W. (2001) NBD-labeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are internalized by transbilayer transport across the yeast plasma membrane.
		Menon, A.K. and Stevens, V.L. (1992) Phosphatidylethanolamine is the donor of the ethanolamine residue linking a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor to protein.
	www.genestocellsonline.org /cgi/content/full/9/10/891 (5471 words)

	Retrograde transport of fluorescent-labeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by a nonendocytic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Retrograde transport of fluorescent-labeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by a nonendocytic mechanism requires an active secretory pathway.
		The aminophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine are sequestered on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and the majority of the phosphatidylcholine is located on the external leaflet.
		Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we have observed that sec mutants defective in the vesicular trafficking steps of secretion were defective in the accumulation of NBD-PE and NBD-PC, but not the endocytic dye, FM 4-64.
	www.yeastgenome.org /community/meetings/yeast98/abshtml/031.html (294 words)

	Phosphatidylethanolamine - Avanti Polar Lipids
		The list of phosphatidylethanolamine products offered by Avanti is designed to provide compounds having a variety of physical properties.
		All of the products are purified by HPLC and special precautions taken to protect the products from oxidation and hydrolysis.
		Kung,V.T. and Redemann, C.T., (1986), "Synthesis of Carboxyacyl Derivatives of Phosphatidylethanolamine and Use as an Efficient Method for Conjugation of Protein to Liposomes", Biochim.
	www.avantilipids.com /Phosphatidylethanolamine.html (350 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine can be interconverted in two ways, depending on whether free ethanolamine/serine exist or not.
		The enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine-serine transferase does exactly that: takes free ethanolamine, attacks a phosphatidylserine with it, outputs phosphatidylethanolamine and free serine (and the reverse reaction).
		or it can carboxylate a phosphatidylethanolamine to create phosphatidylserine Furthermore, phosphatidylethanolamine can be converted into phosphatidylcholine via a methyltransferase reaction (which uses s-adenosyl methionine as a methylating agent) in the liver.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~nahuja/m1/MCB500FQuiz8InterestingPoints_SeungP.doc (2516 words)

	References - phosphatidylethanolamine - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape ...
		DeLong CJ, Shen YJ, Thomas MJ, Cui Z 1999 Molecular distinction of phosphatidylcholine synthesis between the CDP-choline pathway and phosphatidylethanolamine methylation pathway.
		FASEB J. Gohil VM, Thompson MN, Greenberg ML 2005 Synthetic lethal interaction of the mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin biosynthetic pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
		Innis SM, Davidson AG, Chen A, Dyer R, Melnyk S, James SJ 2003 Increased plasma homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine and decreased methionine is associated with altered phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in cystic fibrosis.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/ptde.htm (1491 words)

	Effects of oleic acid and its congeners, elaidic and stearic acids, on the structural properties of ...
		Effects of oleic acid and its congeners, elaidic and stearic acids, on the structural properties of phosphatidylethanolamine membranes -- Funari et al.
		Redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis.
		Effects of phosphatidylethanolamines on the activity of the Ca -ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/44/3/567 (4760 words)

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