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	Phospholipase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) (PDB 1CJY, EC 3.1.1.4) are a large family of enzymes that specifically deacylate fatty acids from the 2nd carbon atom (sn2, thus PLA2) of the triglyceride backbone of phospholipids, producing a free fatty acid and a lyso-phospholipid.
		Phospholipase B is said to be a mixture of both PLA1 and PLA2.
		Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.50), is located in the plasma membrane and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form phosphatidic acid (PA) and released choline headgroup.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phospholipase (480 words)

	Phospholipase D page
		Phospholipase D catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to form phosphatidic acid and released choline headgroup.
		One of the focus areas in the Lambeth lab is to investigate phospholipase D and its relation to signal transduction.
		Two mammalian isoforms of phospholipase D (PLD1 and PLD2) have been cloned, based on their homology with yeast and plant phospholipase D. hPLD1 is an Arf-activated isoform which can be activated synergistically by Rho and the regulatory domain of protein kinase C (calcium-dependent isoforms).
	www.pathology.emory.edu /Lambeth/phosdpage.html (697 words)

	Altered cardiac Na+/H+ exchange in phospholipase D-treated sarcolemmal vesicles -- Goel et al. 279 (3): 1179 -- AJP - ...
		Membrane phospholipid alterations in phospholipase D-treated cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles
		Data are presented in phospholipase C-treated vesicles as a percentage of control, untreated vesicles.
		and phospholipase D-treated cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles was observed.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/3/H1179 (3054 words)

	Worthington Phospholipase A2
		Phospholipase A2 represents a class of heat-stable, calcium-dependent enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of the 2-acyl bond of 3-n-phosphoglycerides.
		Phospholipases are involved in lipid metabolism and are important probes of structure-function relationships in biological membranes.
		Characteristics of Phospholipase A2 from Crotalus adamanteus venom:
	www.worthington-biochem.com /PLA (5934 words)

	Worthington Phospholipase C
		Phospholipase C (originally called lecithinase and also referred to as α-toxin) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the linkage between glycerol and phosphate in lecithin and other phosphatides.
		Phospholipase C (PLC) is found in culture media of Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (Ottolenghi 1969).
		Method: Phospholipase activity values which are derived from titrimetric assay procedures can be quite dependent upon the source and the type of substrate, the preparation of the substrate emulsion, other components of the reaction mixture and the methodology and instrumentation used.
	www.worthington-biochem.com /PLC (3606 words)

	Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - Section 17.4 - Probes for Lipid Metabolism and Signaling
		Several of these probes may also be useful for detection of intracellular and secreted phospholipases and phospholipid-binding proteins by monitoring changes in their fluorescence intensity or polarization properties.
		) is a fluorogenic substrate for phospholipase A
		Pyrene fluorescence is quenched by interactions with the lipid matrix and increases upon cleavage of the probe by phospholipase.
	probes.invitrogen.com /handbook/sections/1704.html (4308 words)

	Simultaneous Enhancement of Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of Phospholipase A1 by Evolutionary Molecular ...
		Molecular characterization of enterobacterial pldA genes encoding outer membrane phospholipase A. Bacteriol.
		Phospholipase A of Yersinia enterocolitica contributes to pathogenesis in a mouse model.
		Cloning and expression of the gene encoding phospholipase A
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/3/890 (3460 words)

	Detection of Phospholipase C in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Its Possible Role in Hemolytic Activity -- Gomez et al. ...
		Phospholipases have a wide spectrum of in vivo and in vitro effects, ranging from minor alterations in cell membrane composition
		Phospholipase genes homologous to the hemolytic plcH and nonhemolytic plcN genes from P.
		Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C from Listeria monocytogenes is an important virulence factor in murine cerebral listeriosis.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/4/1396 (2821 words)

	The VP1 Unique Region of Parvovirus B19 and Its Constituent Phospholipase A2-Like Activity -- Dorsch et al. 76 (4): ...
		Sequence homology of the VP1 unique region with different phospholipases A2 (PLA2 IB, from bovine pancreas; PLA2 IIC, from a rat; PLA2, from bee venom) (1) and schematic representation of the location of functional activities in the sequence of the VP1 protein.
		Comparison of the phospholipase A2 activities of the VP1 unique region (B19-VP1N) and shortened subfragments of the protein domain with that of a control bee venom phospholipase A2.
		Inhibition of the phospholipase A2 activity with manoalide (MLD) and 4-bromophenacylbromide (BPB).
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/76/4/2014 (2806 words)

	Phospholipase A2
		Phospholipase A2 Please note these web pages are part of an assignment for a graduate course in Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BCMB8010) at the University of Georgia.
		Therapeutic Implications of the Inhibition of Phospholipase A
		Due to the detrimental effects induced by phospholipases on various physiological states, it has become important to find methods of inhibiting the activity of phospholipases.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~kathyd/bcmb8010 (552 words)

	Activation of phospholipase D-2 by P2X7 agonists in rat submandibular gland acini -- Pérez-Andrés et al. ...
		Phospholipase D activation by P2Z purinoceptor agonists in human lymphocytes is dependent on bivalent cation influx.
		Phospholipase D activity in L1210 cells: a model for oleate-activated phospholipase D in intact mammalian cells.
		Carbachol-induced phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis and choline efflux in rat submandibular gland involves phospholipase D activation and is modulated by protein kinase C and calcium.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/43/8/1244 (7250 words)

	Phospholipase D in Cell Proliferation and Cancer -- Foster and Xu 1 (11): 789 -- Molecular Cancer Research
		Shome, K., Rizzo, M. A., Vasudevan, C., Andresen, B., and Romero, G. The activation of phospholipase D by endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle A10 cells is mediated by small G proteins of the ADP-ribosylation factor family.
		Yeo, E. J., Kazlauskas, A., and Exton, J. Activation of phospholipase C- is necessary for stimulation of phospholipase D by platelet-derived growth factor.
		Rizzo, M. and Romero, G. Pharmacological importance of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.
	mcr.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/1/11/789 (7823 words)

	Inhibitors of Phospholipase C Prevent Glutamate Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Neurons -- Llansola et ...
		Inhibitors of Phospholipase C Prevent Glutamate Neurotoxicity in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Neurons -- Llansola et al.
		The role of phospholipase C in the molecular mechanism of glutamate neurotoxicity was assessed in primary cultures of cerebellar
		Matecki A and Pawelczyk T (1997) Regulation of phospholipase C delta 1 by sphingosine.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/292/3/870 (3951 words)

	Phospholipase C-{gamma}1: A Phospholipase and Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor -- Wang and Moran 2 (6): 352 -- ...
		Phospholipase C-{gamma}1: A Phospholipase and Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor -- Wang and Moran 2 (6): 352 -- Molecular Interventions
		Huang, J., Mohammadi, M., Rodrigues, G.A., and Schlessinger, J. Reduced activation of RAF-1 and MAP kinase by a fibroblast growth factor receptor mutant deficient in stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis.
		Smith, M.R., Liu, Y.L., Kim, H., Rhee, S.G., and Kung, H.F. Inhibition of serum- and ras-stimulated DNA synthesis by antibodies to phospholipase C. Science 247, 1074–1077 (1990).
	molinterv.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/6/352 (2308 words)

	SHORT REPORT: LETHAL MALARIA IN CYTOSOLIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2- AND PHOSPHOLIPASE A2IIA-DEFICIENT MICE -- ISHIKAWA et al. ...
		Role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in allergic response and parturition.
		Localization of cytosolic phospholipase A2 messenger RNA mainly in neurons in the rat brain.
		Mouse group X secretory phospholipase A2 induces a potent release of arachidonic acid from spleen cells and acts as a ligand for the phospholipase A2 receptor.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/70/6/645 (2504 words)

	Potential Role of Phospholipases in Virulence and Fungal Pathogenesis -- Ghannoum 13 (1): 122 -- Clinical Microbiology ...
		Role of Fungal Phospholipases in the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B Lipid Complex
		Phospholipase C (PLC) (EC 3.1.4.3) hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bond in the phospholipid
		The contribution of phospholipases to the virulence of B.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/13/1/122 (8708 words)

	Clostridium tetani Is a Phospholipase (Lecithinase)-Producing Bacterium -- Temaru et al. 43 (4): 2024 -- Journal of ...
		Clostridium tetani Is a Phospholipase (Lecithinase)-Producing Bacterium -- Temaru et al.
		(E to H) A phospholipase reaction mixture is distributed on the medium plates.
		Clostridium sordellii phospholipase C: gene cloning and comparison of enzymic and biological activities with those of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium bifermentans phospholipase C. Infect.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/4/2024 (677 words)

	CaM kinase II{alpha} mediates norepinephrine-induced translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 to the nuclear ...
		Scheridan, A. M., Sapirstein, A., Lemineux, N., Martin, B. Kim, D. and Bonventre, J. Nuclear translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 is induced by ATP depletion.
		Sierra-Honigmann, M. R., Bradley, J. and Pober, J. `Cytosolic' phospholipase A2 is in the nucleus of subconfluent endothelial cells but confined to the cytoplasm of confluent endothelial cells and redistributes to the nuclear envelope and cell junctions upon histamine stimulation.
		Yoshihara, Y. and Watanabe, Y. Translocation of phospholipase A2 from cytosol to membranes in rat brain induced by calcium ions.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/2/353 (6323 words)

	Specific inhibition of rat brain phospholipase D by lysophospholipids -- Ryu and Palta 41 (6): 940 -- Journal of Lipid ...
		Shukla, S. D., Halenda, S. Phospholipase D in cell signalling and its relationship to phospholipase C. Life Sci.
		Conricode, K. M., Brewer, K. A., Exton, J. Activation of phospholipase D by protein kinase C: Evidence for a phosphorylation-independent mechanism.
		Moehren, G., Gustavsson, L., Hoek, J. Activation and desensitization of phospholipase D in intact rat hepatocytes.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/41/6/940 (3162 words)

	M. Liscovitch: Phospholipase D Page
		We are interested in the role of signal-activated phospholipases and lipid-derived messengers in control of cell growth, differentiation and function.
		Activation of phospholipase D by extracellular signals constitutes a putative signal transduction pathway and is involved in intracellular membrane traffic (see recent review;
		We are studying the cellular and molecular physiology of eukaryotic phospholipase D isozymes, including their localization, mechanisms of activation and possible functions (see a list of our recent publications).
	www.weizmann.ac.il /home/lhliscov (582 words)

	The role and relevance of phospholipase D1 during growth and dimorphism of Candida albicans -- Hube et al. 147 (4): 879 ...
		The role and relevance of phospholipase D1 during growth and dimorphism of Candida albicans -- Hube et al.
		Ella, K. M., Dolan, J. and Meier, K. Characterization of a regulated form of phospholipase D in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
		McLain, N. and Dolan, J. Phospholipase D activity is required for dimorphic transition in Candida albicans.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/147/4/879 (6337 words)

	Regulatory Functions of Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses -- ...
		Gardiner J, Collings DA, Harper JD, Marc J (2003) The effects of the phospholipase D-antagonist 1-butanol on seedling development and microtubule organisation in Arabidopsis.
		Sang Y, Cui D, Wang X (2001) Phospholipase D- and phosphatidic acid-mediated generation of superoxide in Arabidopsis.
		Thiery L, Leprince AS, Lefebvre D, Ghars MA, Debarbieux E, Savoure A (2004) Phospholipase D is a negative regulator of proline biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/139/2/566 (3983 words)

	Phospholipase A2 antibodies from RDI Divison of Fitzgerald Industries Intl
		Phospholipase A2 antibodies from RDI Divison of Fitzgerald Industries Intl
		Upon first thaw or on receipt, tighten cap, centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 1-2 minutes to concentrate antibody in bottom of vial.
		Antigen: porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 Specificity: specific for pancreatic and low molecular weight porcine cellular PLA2 (also reactive with rat, mouse and rabbit PLA2).
	www.researchd.com /miscabs/phoslpa2.htm (440 words)

	Karol Bruzik's homepage
		In collaboration with biochemical laboratory of Ming-Daw Tsai at the Ohio State University we have used the synthetic analogs modified at a specific substrate position with the site-directed mutants of phospholipase C to obtain a detailed view of the enzyme action.
		Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C as a Target of Rational Drug Design in "Carbohydrates in Drug Design" Nieforth, C. and Witczak, Z., Eds., Marcell Dekker, New York, 1997, pp.
		Phosphatidylinositol Phospholipase C: Kinetic and Stereochemical Evidence For an Interaction Between Arginine-69 and the Phosphate Group of Phosphatidylinositol.
	veryvkusno.com (960 words)

	EHP 104(1) Articles: Tithof (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Phospholipase C appears to play an important role in neutrophil activation in response to several physiologic activators of neutrophil function, including the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (8,9), opsonized zymosan, and antigen-antibody complexes (10).
		However, this possibility seems unlikely because inhibition of phospholipase C occurs at higher concentrations of BPB [IC and manoalide [IC)] than the concentrations found to be effective in this study.
		One potential mechanism involves phospholipase D-dependent conversion of phoshatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidic acid and subsequent release of arachidonic acid from diglyceride and monoglyceride by the actions of diglyceride lipase and monoglyceride lipase, respectively (20).
	www.ehponline.org /members/1996/104-1/tithof.html (5466 words)

	Involvement of Phosphatidylcholine Hydrolysis by Phospholipase D in Extracellular ATP-Induced Arachidonic Acid Release ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Involvement of Phosphatidylcholine Hydrolysis by Phospholipase D in Extracellular ATP-Induced Arachidonic Acid Release in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells -- Shinoda et al.
		Involvement of Phosphatidylcholine Hydrolysis by Phospholipase D in Extracellular ATP-Induced Arachidonic Acid Release in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
		Suzuki A, Shinoda J, Oiso Y, Kozawa O. Tyrosine kinase is involved in angiotensin II–stimulated phospholipase D activation in aortic smooth muscle cells: function of Ca influx.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/2/295 (2521 words)

	CaM kinase II{alpha} mediates norepinephrine-induced translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 to the nuclear ...
		CaM kinase II{alpha} mediates norepinephrine-induced translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 to the nuclear envelope -- Fatima et al.
		CaM kinase II mediates norepinephrine-induced translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A
		Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is responsible for prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4 formation in phagocyte-like PLB-985 cells: studies of differentiated cPLA2-deficient PLB-985 cells
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/116/2/353 (503 words)

	Expression of Phospholipase A2 Isoforms in Human Normal and Atherosclerotic Arterial Wall -- Elinder et al. 17 (10): ...
		Expression of Phospholipase A2 Isoforms in Human Normal and Atherosclerotic Arterial Wall -- Elinder et al.
		Prostaglandin Levels in Stimulated Macrophages Are Controlled by Phospholipase A2-activating Protein and by Activation of Phospholipase C and D
		Expression of Secretory Group IIA Phospholipase A2 in Relation to the Presence of Microbial Agents, Macrophage Infiltrates, and Transcripts of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Human Aortic Tissues
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/17/10/2257 (1506 words)

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