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Topic: Phospholipid

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Lipid bilayer

Lipid

Cephalin

Liposomes

Biological membrane

Integral membrane protein

Plasma membrane

Fatty acid

Cell membrane

Endocytosis

Cell (biology)

Arachidonic acid

Choline

Cell wall

Vesicle

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	Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome or Hughes Syndrome) Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms, and ...
		Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome or Hughes Syndrome) Causes, Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment on MedicineNet.com
		Antiphospholipid syndrome is also called the phospholipid antibody syndrome.
		Patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome can have a variety of antibodies to molecules called phospholipids in their blood.
	www.medicinenet.com /antiphospholipid_syndrome/article.htm (572 words)

	Reversal of Solubility Characteristics of 'Luxol' Dye-phospholipid Complexes
		After evaporation of the solvent, excess uncomplexed dye or phospholipid could be removed by the alcohol in which the complex was insoluble.
		It was found that the complexes were soluble to the extent of at least 0.1 per cent or else were completely insoluble in the alcohols used.
		When alcoholic solutions of dye and phospholipid were mixed, precipitates were formed in those alcohols in which the particular complex had been found to be insoluble.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v199/n4895/abs/199821a0.html (263 words)

	Phospholipid Summary
		Phospholipids are a class of lipids formed from four components: fatty acids, a negatively-charged phosphate group, nitrogen containing alcohol and a backbone.
		Phospholipids with a glycerol backbone are known as glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides.
		Due to its polar nature, the head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic (attracted to water); the nonpolar tails are hydrophobic (not attracted to water).
	www.bookrags.com /Phospholipid (1030 words)

	Brain Phospholipid Composition in Schizophrenia Research - UAMS Radiology
		Although schizophrenia is clearly a brain disorder, its ultimate cause is not known.
		Phospholipids are the molecules that constitute a large portion of the cell membrane (Figure 1).
		Since the phospholipid composition of brain cannot be studied in living persons, it is necessary to use postmortem brain samples.
	www.uams.edu /radiology/info/research/phospholipid (145 words)

	Sustained release delivery of water-soluble bio-molecules and drugs using phospholipid-coated microcrystals, ...
		It is possible to increase the thickness of the primary coating by adding additional phospholipid to the suspension after sonication or high shear, and by suspending this phospholipid by homogenization at low shear ("high speed homogenizers", propeller homogenizers, Waring blender, or rotating tube and plunger homogenizers).
		This is achieved by excess phospholipid in the form of unilamellar and multi-lamellar phospholipid vesicles which form a secondary coating of the suspended microcrystal.
		Phospholipids (notably lecithin) are ideal as the primary and secondary coating because they are strongly hydrated and engage in well-documented short-range repulsive interactions which make them very resistant to aggregation and fusion.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5246707.html (6119 words)

	[No title]
		In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are organized into a bilayer, which serves as the framework in which the other components of the membrane are embedded.
		A slice of the phospholipid bilayer, in which the atoms of one phospholipid molecule are shown as spheres, while all other phospholipid molecules are shown in the stick representation.
		A slice of the phospholipid bilayer, in which the atoms of all phospholipid molecules are shown as spheres.
	courses.washington.edu /conj/membrane/bilayer.htm (707 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Phospholipid: Lyso-PE (lysophosphatidylethanolamine); Time- Limited Pesticide Tolerance
		Dietary exposure due to topical applications of the phospholipid Lyso-PE is difficult to estimate because of its prevalence in nature; applications associated with the EUP would be minuscule compared to levels found in nature.
		Phospholipid in the environment is readily utilized by microorganisms.
		The phospholipid biochemical Lyso-PE (lysophosphatidylethanolamine); is temporarily exempted from the requirement of a tolerance for residues when used on crops including: apples, citrus, cranberries, grapes, nectarines, peaches, pears, strawberries, and tomatoes.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1998/June/Day-12/p15597.htm (2666 words)

	PLTP - phospholipid transfer protein
		In the brain, phospholipids in addition are integral constituents of myelins and synaptosomes (Johnson etc) and deficient PLTP levels may account for the deteriorated functions described to occur in DS brain.
		Sonicated vesicles, containing 14C-labeled phospholipids and 3H-labeled triolein, as donor particles and cross-linked erythrocyte ghosts as acceptor particles were used to measure phospholipid transfer activities in unfertilized oocytes and in developing embryos of the toad Bufo arenarum.
		PLTP is a homologue of LOC458291 (LOC458291) from Pan troglodytes.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/91100.html (3040 words)

	Phospholipid derivatives of valproic acid and mixtures thereof - Patent 6313106
		The present invention relates to compounds, which are phospholipid derivatives of valproic acid, to compositions comprising said compounds and their use for treating epilepsy, migraine, bipolar disorders and pain.
		The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19, wherein said valproic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof covalently bonded to said phospholipid moiety is 1-palmitoyl-2-valproyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl-choline and said second valproic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof covalently bonded to said different phospholipid moiety is 1-stearoyl-2-valproyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl-choline.
		The present invention relates to phospholipid derivatives of valproic acid, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and mixtures thereof, and to their use in the treatment of neurological disorders.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6313106.html (6168 words)

	Properties of a Self-Assembled Phospholipid Membrane Supported on Lipobeads Biophysical Journal - Find Articles
		Results from the quenching of phosphatidylcholine analogs suggest that the phospholipid membrane of the Lipobead was composed mostly of a semipermeable lipid bilayer.
		Cobalt quenching of fluorescent phospholipids (Lakowicz, 1999) is used to determine the homogeneity of the bilayer.
		The phospholipid anchors used for the preparation of the Lipobeads were obtained from the reaction of acrylic acid succinamide ester and DMPE as described in Ng et al.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200407/ai_n9429033 (830 words)

	phospholipid. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		For example, it may be connected with choline; the resulting phospholipid is called phosphatidylcholine, or lecithin.
		The bipolar character of phospholipids is essential to their biological function in cell membranes.
		The phospholipids of the cell membrane form into a sheet two molecules thick with the fat-soluble portions inside shielded on both sides by the water-soluble portions.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ph/phosphol.html (208 words)

	Phosholipid & Liposome, high purity & quality, NOF-DDS
		Bulk phospholipids are produced in the facility under GMP operation and have been supplied worldwide for many years with good reputation.
		PEG or polyglycerin attached phospholipid (PEG phospholipid) are available for long circulating liposome formulation.
		Activated functional group attached phospholipid either PEG end or non PEG end are also available for immunoliposome or targeting use liposome.
	www.nof.co.jp /english/business/dds/phospholipid.html (226 words)

	CiteULike: Plasma phospholipid trans fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in older ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CiteULike: Plasma phospholipid trans fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in older adults: the cardiovascular health study.
		Plasma phospholipid trans fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in older adults: the cardiovascular health study.
		Higher levels of plasma phospholipid trans-18:2 fatty acids were associated with higher risk of fatal IHD (odds ratio [OR] for interquintile range 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21 to 2.33) after adjustment for risk factors and trans-18:1 levels.
	www.citeulike.org /user/naturecure/article/779122 (668 words)

	phospholipid bilayers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In all cases the hydrophilic phosphate region interacts with water and the hydrophobic fatty acid regions are excluded from water and form hydrophobic interactions.
		A bilayer of phospholipids forms a sphere in which water is trapped inside.
		The fatty acids of the phospholipids interact and form a hydrophobic center of the bilayer.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/phosphb.htm (93 words)

	Lipid-binding proteins: Structure of the phospholipid ligands -- Marsh 12 (9): 2109 -- Protein Science
		C-atoms of the phospholipid are shown as fl balls.
		Of the inhibitors, GEL is a phospholipid transition-state
		Elder, M., Hitchcock, M.P., Mason, R., and Shipley, G.G. A refinement analysis of the crystallography of the phospholipid, 1,2-dilauroyl-DL-phosphatidylethanolamine, and some remarks on lipid–lipid and lipid–protein interactions.
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/12/9/2109 (3007 words)

	Lupus Antibody Bivalency Is Required to Enhance Prothrombin Binding to Phospholipid -- Field et al. 166 (10): 6118 -- ...
		Effect of anti-prothrombin mAbs and LA IgGs on binding of prothrombin to phospholipid vesicles measured by ultracentrifugation.
		diameter of the phospholipid vesicles and the dissociation constant
		Factor VII binding to tissue factor in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles: induction of cooperativity by phosphatidylserine.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/166/10/6118 (4673 words)

	CiteULike: Phospholipid binding and biophysical activity of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (SAP)-35 and its ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Phospholipid binding and biophysical activity of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein (SAP)-35 and its non-collagenous COOH-terminal domains.
		These proteins were then studied in terms of their specific lipid-binding characteristics and surface activity when combined with a synthetic phospholipid mixture, SM, chosen as an approximation of lung surfactant phospholipids.
		In contrast, SAP-21 (a non-collagenous fragment generated by collagenase digestion) bound phospholipid weakly; SAP-18 (an acidic COOH-terminal fragment comprising residues Gly-118 to Phe-231) did not bind phospholipid, demonstrating the importance of hydrophobic amino acid residues Gly-81 to Val-117 and the NH2-terminal collagenous domain in interaction of the SAP-35 with phospholipids.
	www.citeulike.org /user/radirgroup/article/894428 (539 words)

	{beta}2-Glycoprotein I Promotes the Binding of Anionic Phospholipid Vesicles by Macrophages -- Thiagarajan et al. 19 ...
		Effect of unlabeled phospholipid vesicles on the binding of PS vesicles by the THP-1 cells.
		Assembly of the platelet prothrombinase complex is linked to vesiculation of the platelet plasma membrane: studies in Scott syndrome: an isolated defect in platelet procoagulant activity.
		Collagen-induced exposure of anionic phospholipid in platelets and platelet-derived microparticles.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/11/2807 (2674 words)

	Lipid Metabolism
		Phospholipids are synthesized by esterification of an alcohol to the phosphate of phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate).
		The fatty acid distribution at the C-1 and C-2 positions of glycerol within phospholipids is continually in flux, owing to phospholipid degradation and the continuous phospholipid remodeling that occurs while these molecules are in membranes.
		, thereby inhibiting the release of arachidonate from membrane phospholipids and the subsequent synthesis of eicosinoids.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/lipid-synthesis.html (4717 words)

	Membrane Attack Complex of Complement: Generation of High-Affinity Phospholipid Binding Sites by Fusion of Five ...
		The molecular basis of the membranolytic activity of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement was investigated.
		Stable complexes of phospholipid and protein were formed by C5b-7, C5b-8, C5b-9, and the MAC (C5b-9 dimer) and they exhibited densities of 1.2164, 1.184, 1.2055, and 1.2275 g/ml, respectively.
		The magnitude of the phospholipid binding capacity of the MAC is consistent with the interpretation that the MAC forms phospholipid-protein mixed in micelles in lipid bilayers and biological membranes and thus causes formation of hydrophilic lipid channels.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/76/2/897 (305 words)

	Lipids Online Slides: phospholipid, liver, apolipoprotein A-I, intestine
		Apos are required for the structural integrity of lipoproteins and direct their metabolic interactions with enzymes, lipid transport proteins, and cell-surface receptors (as described in subsequent slides).
		LDL consists of a surface monolayer of phospholipids and free cholesterol and a single molecule of apolipoprotein (apo) B, which encircles the lipoprotein.
		The best known of these is oxidation, both of the lipids and of the apo B. LDL is also subject to aggregation, and its phospholipids are subject to hydrolysis by phospholipases to form lysophosphatidylcholine.
	www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=phospholipid (1142 words)

	Role of Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions in Ca2+-Dependent Phospholipid Binding by the C2A-Domain From ...
		Phospholipid binding assays were carried out with liposomes composed of 30% phosphatidylserine/70% phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the presence and absence of 1 mmol/l Ca All samples contained identical amounts of recombinant protein as judged by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie staining and identical amounts of liposomes as judged by scintillation counting (not shown).
		Note the differences in phospholipid binding as reflected in the amount of liposomes bound.
		phospholipid binding is a key component of its function.
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/suppl_1/S12 (3562 words)

	The indispensability of phospholipid and ubiquinone in mitochondrial electron transfer from succinate to cytochrome c ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The indispensability of phospholipid and ubiquinone in mitochondrial electron transfer from succinate to cytochrome c -- Yu et al.
		The indispensability of phospholipid and ubiquinone in mitochondrial electron transfer from succinate to cytochrome c
		phospholipid and Q resulted only in a small restoration of activities.
	intl.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/253/8/2657 (221 words)

	Jackowski: Defining the biochemical mechanisms that regulate membrane phospholipid biosynthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Phospholipid synthesis is stimulated in response to phospholipid turnover coupled to receptor activation and vesicular trafficking, and during S phase of the cell cycle to fulfill the requirement for new membrane mass during the cell cycle.
		The mechanism of action of antineoplastic phospholipids is also under investigation and our recent results link their efficacy in inducing apoptosis with their ability to inhibit membrane phospholipid biogenesis.
		Having the appropriate molecular reagents is essential to investigating the role of pathway enzymes in signal transduction and intermediary metabolism.
	www.stjude.org /faculty/0,2512,407_2030_4391,00.html (369 words)

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