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Topic: Phospholipid bilayer

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		A slice of the phospholipid bilayer, in which the atoms of one phospholipid molecule are shown as spheres, while all other phospholipid molecules are shown in the stick representation.
		A slice of the phospholipid bilayer, in which the atoms of all phospholipid molecules are shown as spheres.
		in a slice of the bilayer, with the phospholipids shown in the stick representation and the atoms of the water molecules shown as spheres.
	courses.washington.edu /conj/membrane/bilayer.htm (707 words)

	Natural Muscle Online - Nitric Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Phospholipids are molecules that have a hydrophilic (water loving) head and a hydrophobic tail.
		This phospholipid bilayer or micelle will then be able to protect that active ingredient from the ravages of the gut, enabling much more of the active ingredient to make it to the blood stream.
		So phospholipids would allow more arginine and AKG to make it to the endothelium, however there is still one problem.
	www.naturalmuscle.net /nitric_oxide (871 words)

	Lipid bilayer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The lipid bilayer is the foundation of all (additional info and facts about biological membrane) biological membranes, and is a prerequisite of (additional info and facts about cell-based) cell-based (The period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)) life.
		The bilayer is composed of two opposing layers of lipid molecules arranged so that their (An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen) hydrocarbon tails face one another to form the oily bilayer core, while their electrically charged or polar heads face the watery or "aqueous" solutions on either side of the membrane.
		Water itself is an exception to this rule, and crosses freely.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/lipid_bilayer.htm (190 words)

	Cell membrane - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A component of every biological cell, the cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that encapsulate the cell.
		The foundation is a phospholipid bilayer, and the membrane as a whole is often described as a 'fluid mosaic' - a two-dimensional fluid of freely diffusing lipids, dotted or embedded with proteins which may function as channels or transporters across the membrane, or as receptors.
		Cholesterol molecules (in case of eukaryotes) or hopanoids (in case of prokaryotes) in the bilayer assist in regulating fluidity.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Cell_membrane (660 words)

	phospholipid bilayers
		In all cases the hydrophilic phosphate region interacts with water and the hydrophobic fatty acid regions are excluded from water and form hydrophobic interactions.
		A bilayer of phospholipids forms a sphere in which water is trapped inside.
		The fatty acids of the phospholipids interact and form a hydrophobic center of the bilayer.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/phosphb.htm (93 words)

	Reasons To Believe: Facts For Faith Issue 10, 2002
		This model views the phospholipid bilayer as a two-dimensional fluid that serves as both a cellular barrier and as a solvent for integral membrane proteins.
		The phospholipid tails, corresponding to the “ropes” tied to the balloon, are insoluble in water, or hydrophobic (“water-hating”).
		The phospholipid classes on the inner and outer membrane surfaces differ; membrane proteins, likewise, are specific to either the inner or outer membrane surfaces.
	www.reasons.org /resources/fff/2002issue10/index.shtml (17269 words)

	Publications
		Molecular dynamics simulation of a polyunsaturated lipid bilayer susceptible to lipid peroxidation.
		Distribution of pentachlorophenol in phospholipid bilayers: A molecular dynamics study, Biophys.
		Structure and dynamics of the pore-lining helix of the nicotinic receptor: MD simulations in water, lipid bilayers and transbilayer bundles, PROTEINS: Struct.
	moose.bio.ucalgary.ca /index.php?page=Publications (1394 words)

	Sophion Bioscience - Ion channels
		Ion channels are in general heteromultimeric integral membrane proteins constituting water filled passageways for ions across the phospholipid bilayer membrane.
		The physical pore is shaped by an assembly of several subunits, and the pore is lined with hydrophilic amino acid residues.
		Also incorporation of ion channels in artificial lipid bilayers and expression of ion channels in Xenopus oocytes are commonly used for functional ion channel studies.
	www.sophion.dk /Technology/ion_channels (522 words)

	.. Books - Standard Level
		Phospholipids are molecules made of one glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group.
		phospholipids are major constituents of the cell membrane, which is made of a phospholipid bilayer.
		Diagram showing the phospholipid bilayer which forms a major part of the cell membrane.
	www.biology-books.com /Standard/standard.html (2954 words)

	Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure: Cell Membrane
		Scientists describe the organization of the phospholipids and proteins with the fluid mosaic model.
		That model shows that the phospholipids are in a shape like a head and a tail.
		Those proteins that cross the layer are very important in the active transport of ions and small molecules.
	www.biology4kids.com /files/cell_membrane.html (410 words)

	Cholesterol Research Archives: August 2005.
		Isothermal titration calorimetry studies of the binding of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S to phospholipid bilayer membranes.
		Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of magnetically aligned phospholipid bilayers utilizing a phospholipid spin label: the effect of cholesterol.
		Lipid efflux in human and mouse macrophagic cells: evidence for differential regulation of phospholipid and cholesterol efflux.
	cholesterol.researchtoday.net /archive/2/8 (684 words)

	Phosphate - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The information of our genome is encoded in the ordering of the sequence of AMP, GMP, TMP, and CMP that makes up our DNA.
		Phosphate groups are used to connect the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules to the hydrophilic heads.
		Phospholipids are the main constituents of the phospholipid bilayer that makes up the plasma membrane of all cells, and segregates the organelles from the cytosol in eukaryotes.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Phosphate (332 words)

	Liposomes --Biotechnology Encyclopedia
		vesicle with a membrane composed of a phospholipid bilayer used to deliver drugs or genetic material into a cell.
		The lipid bilayer can fuse with other bilayers (e.g., the
		diffuse through the membrane), they can be (indiscriminately) delivered past the lipid bilayer.
	www.biotech100.com /biotechnology_encyclopedia/liposome.htm (71 words)

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